Skeletal – Exam Review
Be able to…
1. List and briefly describe the functions of bone (i.e. support, protection, movement, storage,
and blood cell formation).
2. Describe the difference between compact and spongy bone
3. Provide a definition for long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
4. Label and define parts on a long bone including but not limited to – where spongy bone is
located, where compact bone is located, proximal epiphysis, distal epiphysis, diaphysis,
epiphyseal line, endosteum, periosteum, medullary cavity.
5. Describe the microscopic anatomy of spongy and compact bone (and the differences between
the two)
6. Describe the distribution of red marrow and yellow marrow and how it changes with age
7. Explain how longitudinal and appositional growth occur in a long bone
8. Describe the role of blood calcium levels, PTH, and the pull of gravity on remodeling of a
long bone.
9. List and briefly describe the four main stages of bone healing
10. Define fontanel and explain the importance of fontanels.
11. List the number and location of each type of vertebrae – cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral,
and coccyx.
12. Differentiate between true, false, and floating ribs and describe their location.
13. List and define the three functional classes of joints
14. List and define the three structural classes of joints
15. Describe the structure of a synovial joint.
16. Define arthritis and describe each of following types: rheumatoid, osteoarthritis, and gout.
17. Be able to label the main bones of the skeleton
18. Describe the difference between organic and inorganic components of bone by explaining
what substances each is made up of, how each is deposited, and how each functions in bone
health.
**Less emphasis on…
- specific types of synovial joints (i.e. hinge, ball and socket, etc.)
- bone markings
- labeling skull bones
- spinal curvatures
- differentiating between types of fractures (still review simple, closed, compound)
- endochondral vs. intramembranous ossification (still focus on growth/development of a long
bone)
- examples of long, flat, and irregular bones
**As always, this is just a guide and is meant to help you focus your studying efforts
Email with questions. I will be adding more units.
Ms. Bishop