St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and
human health
Essential Questions
Lesson One
Describe the
characteristics of
prokaryotes.
Explain how
prokaryotes
reproduce.
Relate the
characteristics of
archaea.
Terms Lesson One
Prokaryote
Binary Fission
Endospore
Flagella
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirilla
Bacteria and Archaea are single cell organisms that do not have a nucleus.
An organism that does not have a nucleus is called a
A handful of soil may contain trillions of bacteria
Bacteria live in soil, water, and other organisms.
Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea
1. Shape
2.
3.
4.
______________.
__________ are rod shaped.
__________ are spherical.
__________ are long and spiral shaped.
Some have a hair like parts called Flagella that help them move around.
B. Prokaryote Reproduction
__________ __________
Prokaryotes reproduce by a process called
,
in which one single-celled organism splits into two single-celled organisms.
Steps of Binary fission
5. The cells DNA is copied
6. The DNA and the copy DNA bind to the different places on the inside of the
cell membrane
7. The cell grows larger, the DNA loops separate.
8. The membrane pinches inward
9. The cell wall forms and separates the two new cells.
Cell Division
__________
C.
contain genetic material and proteins and is covered by a thick, protective coat. Some
bacteria become inactive and form endospores in poor environmental conditions.
When conditions improve, the endospores break open and the bacteria become
active again.
__________
D. The Domain
The domain Bacteria has more individuals than all other domains combined do.
E. Classification of Bacteria
Bacteria are classified by the way they get food. Most bacteria are consumers.
10.
__________ are producers. Cyanobacteria usually live in water and
contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
Page1 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and
human health
F. Archaea Types
Evaluation
Describe the
characteristics of
prokaryotes.
Explain how
prokaryotes
reproduce.
Relate the
characteristics of
archaea.
Essential Questions
Explain how life on
Earth depends on
bacteria.
List three ways
bacteria are useful to
people.
Describe two ways in
which bacteria can be
harmful to people.
Lesson Two Terms
Biomediation
Antibiotic
Pathogenic Bacteria
Nitrogen fixatio
____________________,
__________ __________,
__________ __________.
Harsh Environments Archaea often live where nothing else can. Most archaea prefer
environments where there is little or no oxygen.
Archaea
They are very different from Bacteria
Not all have cell walls
The cell wall is chemically different than the bacteria
End of Lesson One
Lesson Two
Good for the Environment
__________ __________
1.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria take in nitrogen
from the air and change it to a form that plants can use.
__________
2.
Decomposer bacteria break down dead plant and animal
matter, which makes nutrients available to other living things.
__________
3.
Up Using microorganisms, such as bacteria, to change
harmful chemicals into harmless ones is called biomediation. Biomediation can be
used to clean up hazardous waste and oil spills.
Good for People
__________ in __________ __________
1.
Many common
foods, such as cheese, yogurt, and sour cream, are made with the help of bacteria.
__________
2. Making
Medicines used to kill bacteria and other
microorganisms are called antibiotics. Many antibiotics are made by bacteria
__________
3.
In the 1970s, scientists discovered how to put genes into
bacteria so that the bacteria would make human insulin.
__________
4.
Engineering changes the genes of bacteria, or any other living
thing. Scientists can now engineer bacteria to make many products, such as
insecticides, cleansers, and adhesives.
Page2 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and
human health
Harmful Bacteria
Lesson two Evaluation
Explain how life on
Earth depends on
bacteria.
List three ways
bacteria are useful to
people.
Describe two ways in
which bacteria can be
harmful to people
Lesson Three Essential
Questions
Explain how viruses
are similar to and
different from living
things.
List the four major
virus shapes.
Describe the two
kinds of viral
reproduction.
11.
__________ bacteria are bacteria that cause disease by getting
inside a host organism and taking nutrients from the host’s cells.
Diseases in Other Organisms Bacteria cause diseases in other organisms as well as in
people. Pathogenic bacteria attack plants, animals, protists, fungi, and even other
bacteria.
End of lesson Two
Lesson Three
Viruses
Size
Viruses are tiny. They are smaller than the smallest bacteria. About 5 billion virus
particles could fit in a single drop of blood.
Are Viruses Living?
Like living things, viruses contain protein and genetic material. But viruses don’t act
like living things. They can’t eat, grow, break down food, or use oxygen.
Classifying Viruses
12. Viruses can be grouped by their
__________,
__________ they cause,
14. Their life __________
13. The type of
15. The kind of genetic material they contain.
Every virus is made of genetic material inside a protective coat.
The genetic material is DNA or RNA.
Viruses cause warts, chickenpox, AIDS, colds, flu
Four Main Shapes
__________ The polio virus is shaped like crystals
__________ the tobacco mosaic virus is shaped like a cylinder
__________ Influenza viruses look like spheres
__________ One group of viruses attacks only bacteria. Many of these
almost look like spacecraft.
Viruses attack living cells and turn them into virus factories. Viruses reproduce using
the lytic cycle.
A Time Bomb Some viruses put their genes into a host cell, but new viruses are not
made right away. New cells get copies of the virus’s genes when the host cell divides.
The genes stay inactive for a long time before they make copies of the virus.
Page3 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and
human health
Lesson Three
Evaluation
Explain how viruses
are similar to and
different from living
things.
List the four major
virus shapes.
Describe the two
kinds of viral
reproduction.
Treating Viruses
Antibiotics do not kill viruses
Medicines have been developed as antiviral medicines.
Some stop them from reproducing
Life Cycle
__________
16. Virus joins to
cell
17. Virus enters cell or injects cell with genetic material
18. Virus takes over direction of the cell turn it into a virus factory
__________ __________ out of the cell.
19. New
End of Lesson Three
End of Chapter 10
Page4 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10Bacteria and VirusesProtists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and
human health
Essential Questions
Lesson One
Describe the
characteristics of
prokaryotes.
Explain how
prokaryotes
reproduce.
Relate the
characteristics of
archaea.
Terms Lesson One
Prokaryote
Binary Fission
Endospore
Flagella
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirilla
Bacteria and Archaea are single cell organisms that do not have a nucleus.
An organism that does not have a nucleus is called a
A handful of soil may contain trillions of bacteria
Bacteria live in soil, water, and other organisms.
Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea
20. Shape
prokaryote.
Bacilli are rod shaped.
22. Cocci are spherical.
23. Spirilla are long and spiral shaped.
21.
Some have a hair like parts called Flagella that help them move around.
B. Prokaryote Reproduction
binary fission
Prokaryotes reproduce by a process called
, in which one singlecelled organism splits into two single-celled organisms.
Steps of Binary fission
24. The cells DNA is copied
25. The DNA and the copy DNA bind to the different places on the inside of the
cell membrane
26. The cell grows larger, the DNA loops separate.
27. The membrane pinches inward
28. The cell wall forms and separates the two new cells.
Cell Division
Endospores
C.
contain genetic material and proteins and is covered by a thick, protective coat. Some
bacteria become inactive and form endospores in poor environmental conditions.
When conditions improve, the endospores break open and the bacteria become
active again.
Evaluation
Describe the
characteristics of
prokaryotes.
Explain how
prokaryotes
reproduce.
Relate the
characteristics of
archaea.
D. The Domain Bacteria
The domain Bacteria has more individuals than all other domains combined do.
E. Classification of Bacteria
Bacteria are classified by the way they get food. Most bacteria are consumers.
Page5 Mr. Swope
29.
Cyanobacteria are producers. Cyanobacteria usually live in water
and contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10Bacteria and VirusesProtists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and
human health
F. Archaea Types
heat lovers,
salt lovers,
methane makers.
Harsh Environments Archaea often live where nothing else can. Most archaea prefer
environments where there is little or no oxygen.
Archaea
They are very different from Bacteria
Not all have cell walls
The cell wall is chemically different than the bacteria
End of Lesson One
Essential Questions
Explain how life on
Earth depends on
bacteria.
List three ways
bacteria are useful to
people.
Describe two ways in
which bacteria can be
harmful to people.
Lesson Two Terms
Biomediation
Antibiotic
Pathogenic Bacteria
Nitrogen fixation
Lesson Two
Good for the Environment
Nitrogen Fixation
1.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria take in nitrogen from the
air and change it to a form that plants can use.
Recycling
2.
Decomposer bacteria break down dead plant and animal matter,
which makes nutrients available to other living things.
Cleaning
3.
Up Using microorganisms, such as bacteria, to change harmful
chemicals into harmless ones is called biomediation. Biomediation can be used to
clean up hazardous waste and oil spills.
Good for People
Bacteria in Your Food
1.
Many common foods, such as cheese, yogurt,
and sour cream, are made with the help of bacteria.
Medicines
2. Making
Medicines used to kill bacteria and other
microorganisms are called antibiotics. Many antibiotics are made by bacteria
Insulin
3.
In the 1970s, scientists discovered how to put genes into bacteria so
that the bacteria would make human insulin.
Genetic
4.
Engineering changes the genes of bacteria, or any other living thing.
Scientists can now engineer bacteria to make many products, such as insecticides,
cleansers, and adhesives.
Page6 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10Bacteria and VirusesProtists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and
human health
Lesson two Evaluation
Explain how life on
Earth depends on
bacteria.
List three ways
bacteria are useful to
people.
Describe two ways in
which bacteria can be
harmful to people
Lesson Three Essential
Questions
Explain how viruses
are similar to and
different from living
things.
List the four major
virus shapes.
Describe the two
kinds of viral
reproduction.
Harmful Bacteria
30.
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause disease by getting inside
a host organism and taking nutrients from the host’s cells.
Diseases in Other Organisms Bacteria cause diseases in other organisms as well as in
people. Pathogenic bacteria attack plants, animals, protists, fungi, and even other
bacteria.
End of lesson Two
Lesson Three
Viruses
Size
Viruses are tiny. They are smaller than the smallest bacteria. About 5 billion virus
particles could fit in a single drop of blood.
Are Viruses Living?
Like living things, viruses contain protein and genetic material. But viruses don’t act
like living things. They can’t eat, grow, break down food, or use oxygen.
Classifying Viruses
31. Viruses can be grouped by their
shape,
disease they cause,
33. Their life cycle
32. The type of
34. The kind of genetic material they contain.
Every virus is made of genetic material inside a protective coat.
The genetic material is DNA or RNA.
Viruses cause warts, chickenpox, AIDS, colds, flu
Four Main Shapes
Crystal shape The polio virus is shaped like crystals
Cylinder the tobacco mosaic virus is shaped like a cylinder
Spheres Influenza viruses look like spheres
Spacecraft One group of viruses attacks only bacteria. Many of these almost
look like spacecraft.
Viruses attack living cells and turn them into virus factories. Viruses reproduce using
the lytic cycle.
A Time Bomb Some viruses put their genes into a host cell, but new viruses are not
made right away. New cells get copies of the virus’s genes when the host cell divides.
The genes stay inactive for a long time before they make copies of the virus.
Page7 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10Bacteria and VirusesProtists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and
human health
Lesson Three
Evaluation
Explain how viruses
are similar to and
different from living
things.
List the four major
virus shapes.
Describe the two
kinds of viral
reproduction.
Treating Viruses
Antibiotics do not kill viruses
Medicines have been developed as antiviral medicines.
Some stop them from reproducing
Life Cycle
host
35. Virus joins to
cell
36. Virus enters cell or injects cell with genetic material
37. Virus takes over direction of the cell turn it into a virus factory
viruses break out of the cell.
38. New
End of Lesson Three
End of Chapter 10
Page8 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10Bacteria and VirusesProtists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and human health
Prokaryote
Binary Fission
Endospore
Page9 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10Bacteria and VirusesProtists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and human health
Flagella
Bacilli
Cocci
Page10 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10Bacteria and VirusesProtists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and human health
Spirilla
Biomediation
Antibiotic
Page11 Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 10Bacteria and VirusesProtists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Bacteria, archaea, and viruses can play important roles in the environment and human health
Pathogenic
Bacteria
Nitrogen fixation
Page12 Mr. Swope