Psychology Reading Guide
Chapter 9: Learning: Principles and Applications
Essential Questions:
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How do our experiences change our behavior?
Reading and Note-taking Homework:
Chapter 9 Lesson 1 – Due Tuesday, November 10th
Chapter 9 Lesson 2 – Due Friday, November 13th
Chapter 9 Lesson 3 – Due Tuesday, November 17th
Chapter 9 Test – Friday, November 20th
Terms and Concepts: You are expected to be able to identify all of the following terms by the end of this unit. Not all of
these terms are in bold, so you will need to pay careful attention to the reading and classroom lessons.
9.1 – Classical Conditioning
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Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
Neutral Stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioning stimulus
Conditioned response
Acquisition
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
John B. Watson
Little Albert
Taste Aversions
Behaviorism
Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning
9.2 – Operant Conditioning
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Operant conditioning
B.F. Skinner
Skinner Box
Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Primary Reinforcement
Secondary Reinforcement
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous Schedule
Partial Schedule
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Fixed-Ratio
Variable-Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable-Interval
Shaping
Response Chains
Aversive Control
Negative Reinforcement
Escape Conditioning
Avoidance Conditioning
Punishment
Positive Punishment
Negative Punishment
Disadvantages of Punishment
9.3 – Social Learning
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Social learning
Cognitive Learning
Cognitive Map
Latent Learning
Learned Helplessness
Modeling
Mimicry
Observational Learning
Disinhibition
Behavior Modification
Token Economy
Self-Control
Improving Study Habits