Name: ________________________________
Section MC, SD
Dr. Ippolito’s BIO-121 Spring 2008
Test 4 (Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis)
1. Another name for a tetrad is a/an…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
homologue
bivalent
öocyte
gamete
polar body
2. The cell cycle is best represented by which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
G0G1MG2SProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase
Prophase MetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseG1SG2
G1G2SProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase
MG2SG1ProphaseAnaphaseMetaphaseTelophase
ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase
3. Which of the following definitions is accurate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
Why are brothers and sisters so different from each other?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
Chromatid: a complex of proteins bound to deoxyribonucleic acid.
Centrosome: A region of DNA within a chromosome.
Centromeres: serve as microtubule organizing centers during mitosis.
All of these definitions are accurate and complete.
None of these definitions are accurate.
Crossing over during mitosis I dramatically increases genetic diversity.
Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids increases genetic diversity.
Because somatic cells randomly segregate genetic material.
Because males and females differ in the way in which gametes are formed.
All of the above.
Without cell cycle checkpoints…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The cell would have no way of killing itself when it is highly damaged.
Metabolic reactions would proceed more slowly.
Cells would pass many mutations on to the next generation.
Cells would divide more slowly.
None of these are true.
6. During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Prophase
G1 phase
S phase
G0 phase
Cytokinesis
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7. Which is a distinguishing feature of meiosis not included in mitosis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Homologous chromosomes are arranged in one long parallel line.
Meiosis II is a reductive cellular division.
Crossing over occurs between sister chromatid.
Chromosomes have two chromatid each.
None of the above are correct.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE about cytokinesis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Together with meiosis, these two processes represent somatic cell division.
Cytokinesis involves the transfer of genetic material from mother cells to two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis begins during prophase of mitosis.
Occurs only in mitosis – not meiosis.
The cytoskeletal protein actin play a vital role.
9. During which stage of meiosis does homologue separation occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
prophase I
anaphase I
telophase I
prophase II
anaphase II
10. A drug completely abolishing the activity of actin is added to cells about to undergo cell division.
Assuming everything else is properly functioning, what is most likely observation detected in cells
after mitosis is completed?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cells will be arrested in metaphase.
Cells will be arrested in anaphase.
Cells will contain two nuclei.
Actin is not involved in the cell cycle; there will be no apparent defects.
Differing numbers of chromosomes are segregated into each daughter cell.
11. Which statement shows a clear similarity between mitosis and meiosis II?
a. Homologous chromosomes pair up along a metaphase plate, and sister chromatids separate, which are
now considered full-fledged chromosomes.
b. Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids.
c. The nuclear envelope reforms immediately after chromosome segregation.
d. All chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate, and sister chromatids separate into each daughter
cell.
e. Each of these statements is a clear similarity between mitosis and meiosis II.
12. Which kind of cell would be MOST affected by a mutation within an important gene?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A haploid cell
A diploid cell
A cell with a 1N content of DNA
Two of the above are true
None of the above are true.
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13. Which of the following concepts are incorrectly matched to the phase they occur in?
a. Prophase: chromosomes condense; the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
b. Metaphase: microtubules pull sister chromatids in equal and opposite directions.
c. Anaphase: the number of centromeres within the cell double, because sister chromatids separate,
each now considered a separate chromosome.
d. Telophase: cytokinesis finishes concurrently with this phase.
e. None of these are mismatched.
14. At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
prophase I
metaphase II
anaphase II
prophase II
metaphase I
15. A synaptonemal complex is…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the internal structure of nucleoprotein that makes up a chromosome.
a nucleoprotein lattice that forms between homologues in chiasmata.
the spindle fibers that attach to homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
the spindle fibers that attach from pole to pole without binding chromosomes.
the set of cells produced from a single original parent cell in oogenesis.
16. Why do polar bodies form?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
They nurse the egg as it leaves the follicle.
This is extra chromosomal material representing the X chromosome in each female cell.
They orient the sperm toward the egg.
They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving all the food for one egg.
They orient the egg for penetration by the sperm.
17. Meiosis leads to all of the following EXCEPT
a. gametogenesis.
b. oogenesis.
c. pangenesis.
d. spermatogenesis.
e. None of the above.
18.
Which of the following is FALSE concerning mitosis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
animal cells have centrioles, plant cells do not.
Both plant and animal cells undergo cytokinesis.
Mitosis allows growth and increase in size in both plants and animals.
cytokinesis includes a cell plate in animal cells, but not plant cells.
All of these are true.
19. Genes are carried on which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Centrosomes
Chiasma
Nuclei
Chromosomes
centromeres
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20. Which of the following occurs during interphase?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Chromatin becomes tightly coiled.
DNA is synthesized.
Sister chromatids separate.
The mitotic spindle forms.
Cytokinesis occurs.
21. During telophase…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the events of prophase are reversed
chromosomes line up on the midline of the cell
sister chromatids separate and mature into chromosomes
tetrads form
the genetic material doubles
22. What is a key difference between somatic and germ cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Both cells undergo a cell division of some kind.
Somatic cells undergo meiosis; germ cells undergo mitosis.
Somatic cells have a 2N content of the genome; germ cells have a 1N content.
Two of the choices above are correct.
None of the choices are correct.
23. Sister chromatids are joined at the…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
chromatin
centromere
spindle
centrosome
centriole
24. To what does the term chiasma refer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the process of fertilization
the life cycle of a fungus
the process of crossing-over
a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over
the period between meiosis I and meiosis II
25. There is a species of desert lizard where only females are known to exist – there are no males known. It
is nevertheless necessary for two females to court and for one to assume the posture of a male to
stimulate the female to produce eggs. No fertilization occurs, and the eggs develop into female lizards.
What is the probable evolutionary mechanism for this occurring?
a. The species is probably going extinct.
b. The desert is relatively uniform and there is little advantage to maintaining variation, but the animal has
not been able to completely evolve away from its heritage of sexual reproduction.
c. This switch in mating behavior is the direct physical reflection of crossing-over.
d. This is probably an asexual organism attempting to mimic sexual reproduction.
e. None of the above.
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26. What would result if a cell had a mutation that significantly decreased the amount of time it spent in
G2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The daughter cells would be smaller than average
The daughter cells would be larger than average
The DNA would not have been properly synthesized
The cell would have many more mutations during S phase
None of the above.
27. Sources of genetic variation in a sexually reproducing population include(s) which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
crossing over in Prophase I
independent assortment in Metaphase I
fertilization
All of the choices are sources of genetic variation.
None of these are correct.
28. Which statement best describes cellular activity during G0?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The cell prepares itself for replication of its genetic material.
The cell actively maintains homeostasis.
No proteins are expressed because the cell is at rest.
The chromosomes in the nucleus begin to condense.
The cell prepares itself for mitosis
29. Apoptosis refers to cell death and
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
is always biologically detrimental to an organism.
is merely the accumulation of genetic errors.
can be programmed and is essential to normal development.
is a failure to produce protein products.
is any failure of the genetic machinery to work properly.
30. Histones…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Work to insure proper segregation of organelles during cytokinesis.
Are important in chromosome structure and function.
Are involved in spindle assembly.
All of these are correct.
None of these are correct.
31. The point at which sister chromatids become single chromosomes is...
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Prophase
Metaphase
Prometaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
32. How many autosomes do humans have?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2
22
23
44
46
5
33. Cytokinesis can best be defined as…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The division of the nuclear material.
The division of the cytoplasm.
The division of the cell.
The process of cells generating energy.
The process of cells expending energy.
34. How are anaphase and II distinguished?
a. Chromosomes consist of two chromatids in anaphase I and only one chromatid in anaphase II.
b. Anaphase I occurs in a haploid cell while anaphase II occurs in a diploid cell.
c. Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II while homologous chromosomes separate during
anaphase.
d. The cell undergoing anaphase II is genetically different from from what it contained while undergoing
anaphase I.
e. All of these are differences.
35. When are the bivalents arranged along the equator of a meiotically dividing cell?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
prophase I
metaphase II
anaphase II
prophase II
metaphase I
36. Males provide gametes with more genetic diversity than females for reproduction because…
a. Males provide more genes in sperm than females provide in eggs.
b. Crossing over occurs more often in the formation of sperm than in eggs.
c. Spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only
one egg and three structures that contain genetic information that is lost when they disintegrate.
d. Sperm that contain a recombination of genes are usually more successful in fertilizing an egg.
e. All of the above.
37. Chromatin consists of…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
RNA only
DNA and protein
RNA and protein
protein only
DNA only
38. Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ovaries
Testes
Epididymus
prostate gland
Epithelium
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39. When we speak of a pair of “homologous chromosomes”, what are we talking about?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Each parent provides one version of a single kind of chromosome.
Each parent supplies a pair of chromosomes, but we get our pair either from our mother or father.
These are a set of 4 chromatids, each having an exact genetic identical.
Two of these answers are correct.
None of these answers are correct.
40. Eukaryotic chromosomes…
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Consist of both DNA and protein.
May occur as chromatin.
Contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space.
Are linear
All of the choices are correct.
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