Sideseadmed (IRT0040)
loeng 4/2010
Avo
avots@lr.ttu.ee
1
Access technologies
•
•
•
•
•
PAN / CAN: Bluedooth, Zigbee, IrDA
LAN: WLAN (WiFi)
MAN: WiMAX, Flash-OFDM (Flarion)
WAN: 3G (UMTS, HSPA)
GAN: Satellite (InmarsatBGAN)
2
General Problems (1)
Network detection
• NIC needs to be active
• Example #1: WiFineeds to be active
• How to detect an alternative network while
a connection is active? Depends on
technology
3
General Problems (2)
Network subscription
• Networks needs to be preconfigured
• WiFi: al lot of different authentication
methods, access data for each network
(Key, Password, Certificate)
• 3G: SIM card (Multi-SIM solutions)
• Usually, contract with provider(s) required
• Quality evaluation of connected and
unconnected networks
4
General Problems (3)
Seamless handover?
• Fast intra-technology or inter-technology
handover
• “Make-before-Break”scenarios
• Mobility solution (e.g. MIPv4/v6, SIP etc.)
5
Break-before-Make
Make-before-Break
Standards
Quality Evaluation
Depends on many factors
• Signal strength and noise level 􀃆SNR, related to
channel coding
• Radio propagation and channel multiplexing
• Moving speed
• Network interferences (e.g. different
WiFinetworks on the same channel)
• Collisions (e.g. in WiFi􀃆“hidden node problem”)
• Network load
9
FLASH-OFDM
Fast low-latency access with seamless handoff
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
F-OFDM, is a system that is based on OFDM
and specifies also higher protocol layers
10
@450 network on 1 April 2007
Digita’s @450 service delivers
wireless broadband right where it
is needed.
@450 is the only broadband solution
that you can take with you
wherever you go.
@450 utilises the NMT network
frequency range released from
mobile phone use.
11
IEEE 802.21
• == 802.21 is an IEEE emerging standard. The
standard supports algorithms enabling
seamless handover between networks of the
same type as well as handover between
different network types also called Media
independent handover (MIH) or vertical
handover. The standard provides information
to allow handing over to and from cellular,
GSM, GPRS, WiFi, Bluetooth, 802.11 and
802.16 networks through different handover
mechanisms
“Clean slate approach”
• Redesigning the Internet in “Clean slate
approach” has attractedconsiderable
attention. In clean slate approach, several
network architectures are proposed, which
are not based on the layered model.
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Cross-layer collaboration
Layered model with cross-layer
collaboration and split of the data plane
and the control plane
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Cross-layer collaboration
(1) introducing the layer-5 to provide the
applications with more abstract communication
paths,
(2) Introducing cross-layer collaboration for efficient
processing in each layer,
(3) splitting the node identifier and the node locator
for mobility, multihoming and security,
(4) splitting the data plane and the control plane for
manageability
(5) introducing a recursive layered model to support
network virtualization
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Media Independent Handover
(MIH) is a standard being developed by
IEEE 802.21 to enable the handover of IP
sessions from one layer 2 access technology
to another, to achieve mobility of end user
devices.
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Service Access Points
StrokeNet
IEEE 802.22
IEEE 802.22 is a standard for Wireless
Regional Area Network (WRAN) using
white spaces in the TV frequency spectrum.
19
March 2009
Higher Layer
Higher Layer
Transport
Transport
Existing:
802.21 Handover Services
Higher Layer
Higher Layer
Transport
Transport
MIH
Users
MIH Function
MIH Function
3GPP/
3GPP2
Interface
MGMT
DATA
802 Interface
Multi RAT Mobile Node
DATA
Higher Layer
Higher Layer
Transport
Transport
MIH
Users
Information
Repository
MGMT
MIH
Users
MIH Function
3GPP/3GPP2
Network
802 Interface
802 Network
Legend
MIH Message Transport
MIH Local Interface
20
Slide 20
Zuniga/Kwak, InterDigital
March 2009
Proposed:
802.21 MI Coexistence Services
Higher Layer
Transport
MIC
Users
Higher Layer
Higher Layer
Transport
Transport
MIC Function
MIC Function
(i.e. Spectrum Mgr)
non-802
Interface
MGMT
DATA
802 Interface
Multi RAT Mobile Node
DATA
Higher Layer
Higher Layer
Transport
Transport
MIC
Users
Information
Repository
MIC
Users
MIC Function
(i.e. Spectrum Mgr)
MGMT
non-802
Network
802 Interface
802 Network
Could be colocated into
single network server
Legend
MIC Message Transport
MIC Local Interface
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Slide 21
Zuniga/Kwak, InterDigital
Lingid
http://www.450laajakaista.fi/karttapalvelu/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FlashOFDM#Flash-OFDM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.21
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediaindependent_handover
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Lingid
http://www.ieee802.org/21/
http://www.icoin.org
http://www.ieee802.org/22/
23