Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
EXAM FOCUS:
1. Vocabulary: multiple choice: 40-54
2. GRAMMAR – stress: chh. 39-52. Go through the
checklist below when reviewing. Also, review the
worksheets and the PPT’s.
3. CULTURE: stress: chh. 43-54, from the reports and the book.
4. TRANSLATION – either open book or multiple choice. Bring
your books to the final.
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 39:
 Indirect Questions (page 143)
 The use of the periphrastic future subjunctive in an indirect question (page 143)
 The Perfect Active Subjunctive (page 143)
 The use of num to introduce an indirect question (page 143)
 Double questions introduced by (1) utrum…an, (2) utrum…necne (page 144)
 Sequence of Tenses for indirect questions explained (page 144)
 Miscellanea: Latin Phrases in common use today (page 145)
 The confiscations (page 39)
Chapter 40:
 Ablative with verbs utor and fruor (page 146)
 Ablative of Comparison (page 146) – what is the joke about the Abl. of comparison?
 Ablative of measure of difference (aka – Abl. of degree of difference (page 146)
 Ablative of Price (page 146)
 Genitive of Value (page 146)
 Ablative of Origin (page 146)
 Chart of the subjunctives for the irregular verbs: esse, posse, velle, malle, nolle, ferre,
and ire (see chart on page 147)
 Semi-Deponent Verbs (page 147)
 The verb fio, fieri, factus sum: its meaning and frequent use as passive of facere (page 147)
 Adverbs expressing Place or Motion (see chart on page 148)
 Latin Poetry (page 46)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 41:
 Indirect Statement!!! Accusative + infinitive (page 148-150)
 All forms of the infinitives per conjugation (see list on page 149)
 Alternate future infinitive of sum: fore = futūrus/a/um esse (page 149 & 164)
 Note the infinitives of deponent verbs and, as always, their passive forms, but active
meanings (page 149)
 Verbs which introduce indirect statement, e.g., “Verbs of the Head” (page 149)
 The use of the reflexive pronoun and reflexive possessive adjective in I.S. (page 149)
 Agreement of the participle with the accusative subject in I.S. (page 150)
 Translation examples of I.S., when main verb is past!!! (page 150)
 Adjectives formed from the endings (1) –ilis, (2) –bilis (page 151)
 Horace (page 52)
Chapter 42:
 No new grammar, because of the humungous importance of indirect statement in Ch. 41
 Adjectives ending is –ax, -ācis denoting a tendency or habit (page 153)
 Books (page 57)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 43:
 RESULT CLAUSES (aka consecutive clauses) – ut / ut + negative word (page 153)
 Trigger Words listed on page 153: tam, tantus/a/um, tot, totiens, ita, adeo, sic
 Sequence of tenses is not necessarily followed in result clauses (page 154)
 The perfect subjunctive is used to stress the actuality of the event (page 154)
 Inscriptions (page 154-155)
 Maecenas (page 62)
Chapter 44:
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (page 155), notes: protasis = if clause; apodosis =
conclusion
 1. Present Simple/General/Open conditions (page 155)
 1. Past Simple/General/Open conditions (page 155)
 2. Present Contrary To Fact conditions (page 156)
 2. Past Contrary To Fact conditions (page 156)
 The imperfect subjunctive (“would verb”) is used to refer to present time; the
pluperfect subjunctive (“would have verbed”) is used to refer to past time (page 156)
 3.a. Future More Vivid conditions (page 156)
 3.a. Future More Vivid conditions with emphatic protasis (page 156)
 3.b. Future Less Vivid conditions (page 156) – aka “should-would” clauses
 Note words ending in –cumque denoting indefiniteness (page 157)
 Travel (page 68)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 45:
 INDEPENDENT SUBJUNCTIVES (page 158)
 1. Jussive/Hortatory Subjunctives… “Let…” (page 158) – for negative, use ne
 2. Deliberative Questions (page 158)
 use of utrum…an in double questions (page 158)
 3. Optative Subjunctive – utinam + present subjunctive (subsequent), or imperfect
subjunctive (present contrary to fact), or pluperfect subjunctive (past contrary to
fact)…for the negative, use ne (page 158)
 4. Potential subjunctive with velim, ausim, nolim (page 159)…the negative is non
 Two doctors – funerary inscriptions (page 160)
 Patrons and Clients (page 75)
Chapter 46:
 Review Chapter – remember we translated 46.3?
 Prepositions/Adverbs turned into comparatives and superlatives (page 161)
 Houses (page 81)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 47:
 USES OF CUM – CUM CLAUSES (page 161-2)
 1. Conjunction cum means “when” most often (page 161)
 1. a. If the cum clause follows the main clause, the indicative is used (page 162)
 1.b. If cum means “whenever”, then the indicative is used (page 162)
 2. Primary Sequence: cum means “when” with a present or future idea, the indicative
is used (page 162)
 3. When conjunction cum means “since,” the subjunctive is always used (page 162)
 4. When conjunction cum means “although,” the subjunctive is always used, and
tamen (but still, even so) is usually found in the main clause (page 162)
 USES OF DUM – DUM CLAUSES (page 163)
 1. Most commonly, dum means “while” and is followed by a present indicative (page 163)
 1.a. But, if the action of the dum clause goes on throughout the action of the main
clause, the imperfect is used (page 163)
 2. dum can mean “until” and is usually followed by the indicative (page 163)
 2.a. If the dum clause expresses purpose, it takes the subjunctive (page 163)
 The CONNECTING RELATIVE (page 163-4)
 P.S. 1.: Shortened 3rd person plural perfect, where –ērunt is shortened to –ēre (page 164)
 P.S. 2.: Alternate Verb forms, where a –v- or –vi- is omitted (page 164)
 P.S. 3.: Alternate future infinitive of sum: fore = futūrus/a/um esse (page 149 and 164)
 P.S. 4.: Alternate forms of the imperative (page 164)
 P.S. 5.: Alternate 2nd person singular, from –ris  -re (page 164)
 P.S. 6.: (1) Alternate ablative singular for –i-stem nouns: -ī; (2) Alternate accusative plural for –i-stem nouns: -īs
(page 164)
 Divorce (page 87)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 48:
 Clauses of Fearing (page 165) –1. introduced by nē
 2. negative feat clauses use nē+ a negative, e.g., nōn or numquam (page 165)
 3. If there is no change in subject, use an infinitive and not a nē-clause (page 165)
 NB 1: the use of the reflexives – sē and suus/a/um in fear clauses (page 165)
 NB 2: the translation of perfect participles of deponent verbs (page 165)
 Inscription on a triumphal arch (page 166)
 Cleopatra (page 92)
Chapter 49:
I. IMPERSONAL VERBS (page 167)
 To translate most impersonal verbs, use “it” to translate into English. Ex.: ningit = it is snowing
 Many Latin impersonal verbs are not used impersonally in English: me oportet = I ought
 most commonly govern the accusative or dative case of the person. mihi licet = I may
 impersonal verbs often take a complementary infinitive.
II. Intransitive verbs in the passive (page 168)
 Intransitive verbs must be used impersonally in the passive
 Verbs of motion in the passive impersonal  you must supply a subject from the context
 Verbs which take the dative are used impersonally in the passive: mihi persuadetur = I am persuaded.
 P.S. The genders of 3rd Declension nouns (page 169)
 Caesar Augustus (page 97)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 50:
 GERUNDS (page 169-170)
 Gerunds decline like 2nd Declension neuter nouns, only in the singular (page 169)
 If the gerund is the subject or direct object, the infinitive is used instead of an –nd- form.
 Use of the gerund with ad to show purpose (page 170)
 Use of the gerund in the genitive case preceding causā to show purpose (page 170)
 The gerund in the ablative case usually expresses cause or means (page 170)
 NB 1: The gerund of eo is ire, eundi, eundo, eundum, eundo (page 170)
 NB 2: Be sure to distinguish between the English gerund and the present participle,
which both end in “-ing” in English (page 170)
 P.S. Funerary Inscription for a Vestal Virgin, and one for a British lady (page 171)
 Vixi puellis (page 102)
l
Chapter 51:
 GERUNDIVES (page 172) – which decline like any –us, -a, -um adjective
 Gerundives are more commonly used, instead of a gerund when the there is an object –
keep in mind the case needed 1st, then gender and number of the noun (page 172)
 Use of the gerundive with ad to show purpose (page 172)
 Use of the gerundive in the genitive case preceding causā to show purpose (p. 172,
sentence # 2)
 The gerundive in the ablative case usually expresses cause or means (p. 172, sentence # 7)
 NB 1: The gerundive of deponent verbs is translated passively. (page 172)
 P.S. Two epigrams (page 173)
 The Roman Empire (page 107)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 52:
 GERUNDIVES of Obligation – aka the “passive periphrastic” (page 174)
 Gerundives with the helping verb (form of sum, esse) show necessity, obligation (p. 174)
 The Dative of Agent with gerundives of obligation (page 174)
 The gerundive of intransitive verbs is often used impersonally (page 174)
 The gerundive showing purpose as the object of curo, mitto & do (page 174)
 P.S. Memorabilia – famous lines from Vergil (page 175)
Some glimpses of Augustus (page 114)
Chapter 53:
 The Double Dative
 Predicative Dative (aka, Dative of Purpose)
 Expressions that take the Double Dative
 Relative Clauses of Purpose (subjunctive)
 quō Purpose Clauses (with a comparative adjective or adverb)
 The town mouse and the country mouse (page 120)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Chapter 54:
 Summary of the Uses of ut
 ut + indicative (“as”, “when”, “since”)
 ut + subjunctive:
 in purpose clauses (see ch. 34)
 in indirect commands (see ch. 35)
 in result clauses (see ch. 43)
 other uses of ut not in this book (see grammar cards)
 Death (page 125)
Reference Grammar:
 Forms for Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs, Numerals, Pronouns (page 191-196)
 Forms for regular verbs (page 197- 201)
 Forms for deponent verbs (page 201) – but also review the passive forms
 Forms for irregular verbs (page 201-202)
 Principal Parts for verbs (page 203-206)
 Forms for Prepositions (page 207)
 Forms for Conjunctions (page 207)
 I have completely reviewed vocabulary, especially for chapters 39-54.
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
1. Give the functions (uses) of each case and special translations where applicable.
LATIN
CASES 
FUNCTION(S) / USES
of the CASES
NOMINATIVE
1.
2.
GENITIVE 1.
2.
DATIVE
1.
2.
ACCUSATIVE 1.
2.
ABLATIVE 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
VOCATIVE Direct Address
Translations
to be added
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
1. Give the functions (uses) of each case and special translations where applicable.
LATIN
CASES 
MOST BASIC FUNCTION(S) / USES
of the CASES
NOMINATIVE 1. Subject of the verb,
2. Complement with a linking verb
GENITIVE 1. Possession,
2. whenever: “of”
DATIVE
1. Indirect Object
2. Dative after a compound verb
ACCUSATIVE 1. Direct Object of the Verb
2. Object of Motion Towards
ABLATIVE 1. Accompaniment (with),
Translations
to be added
---
VOCATIVE Direct Address
-----[Hey, yo! O!]
2. Object of Motion Away From (from)
3. Means or Manner (by, with)
4. Place Where (in, under)
5. whenever: WFBI
6. Agency (by)
of, ’s, s’
(to/for)
---With,
From,
By,
In
Case
Special
Translations
Basic Functions or Uses per case
Nominative
---------------
1. Subject
2. Complement (w/ linking verbs)
Genitive
’s/s’, of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Possession
Genitive of Value
Partitive Genitive (satis aquae = enough water)
Causā w/ preceding genitive of the gerund/gerundive
w/ verbs of remembering or forgetting
with ideas of filling
(to/for)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Indirect Object
Agent (w/ passive periphrastic)
with Compound verbs (e.g. occurrō)
After certain verbs and adjectives (e.g. similis/e)
Double Dative (ch. 53)
------------------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Direct Object
Object of Motion Towards
Indirect Statement
Duration of Time
“ad” + gerund/gerundive (purpose)
Extent of Space
Exclamation (Bonam Fortunam!)
***any 3
required on
FINAL
EXAM***
Dative
***any 3
required on
FINAL
EXAM***
Accusative
***any 4
required on
FINAL
EXAM***
Ablative
WFBIO
i r ynn
t o
h m
***any 6
required on
FINAL
EXAM***
Any others are
extra credit
U
n
d
e
r
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Means
Accompaniment
Time When/Within Which (at, on; within, in)
Price (exact price)
Object of Motion Away From or Place From Which (ab,
de, ex)
6. Ablative Absolute
7. Agency (ab/ā)
8. Place Where (in, sub)
9. w/ certain adjectives and verbs (e.g., ūtor; dignus/a/um)
10. Manner
11. Degree of Difference
12. Comparison
13. Attendant Circumstances
14. with ideas of filling
Vocative
(Hey!/ O!)
1. Direct Address
Locative
at/in
1. Place Where (names of cities, towns and small islands)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
2. Give a translation of the English word “bug”
LATIN
CASES 
NOMINATIVE
GENITIVE
DATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
VOCATIVE
ENGLISH TRANSLATION,
with bug as an example
(singular)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION,
with bugs as an example
(PLURAL)
”
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
2. Give a translation of the English word “bug”
LATIN
CASES 
ENGLISH TRANSLATION,
with bug as an example
(singular)
NOMINATIVE (the/a) bug
GENITIVE
DATIVE
of (the/a) bug, (the/a)
bug’s
[to/for] (the/a) bug
ACCUSATIVE (the/a) bug
ABLATIVE WFBI (the/a) bug
VOCATIVE [Hey, yo! O!] bug (!)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION,
with bugs as an example
(PLURAL)
(the) bugs
of (the) bugs, (the) bugs’
[to/for] (the) bugs
(the) bugs
WFBI (the) bugs
[Hey, yo! O!] bugs (!)
”
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
1st
Decl
Nom Sing
2nd
2nd
3rd
3rd
Decl.
Decl.
Decl.
Decl.
(Masc) (Neut.) (M&F) (Neut.)
*
Gen Sing
Dat Sing
Acc Sing
Abl Sing
Voc Sing
Nom
Pl
Gen
Pl
Dat
Pl
Acc
Pl
Abl
Pl
Voc
Pl
*
Only give
special
3rd Decl.
i-stem
4th
4th
5th
Decl.
Decl.
Decl.
(Masc) (Neut.)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
1st
Decl
Nom Sing
-a
Gen Sing
-ae
2nd
Decl.
(Masc)
-us (er,
ius)
-ī
Dat Sing
-ae
Acc Sing
2nd
Decl.
(Neut.)
-um
3rd
3rd
Decl.
Decl.
(M&F) (Neut.)
Only give
special
3rd Decl.
i-stem
4th
4th
5th
Decl.
Decl.
Decl.
(Masc) (Neut.)
varies
varies
-us
-ū
-ēs
-ī
-is
-is
-ūs
-ūs
-ēī
-ō
-ō
-ī
-ī
-uī
-ū
-ēī
-am
-um
-um
-em
= NomS
-um
-ū
Abl Sing
-ā
-ō
-ō
-e
-e
-ū
-ū
-em
-ē
Voc Sing
-a
-um
= NomS = NomS
-us
-ū
-ēs
Nom
Pl
Gen
Pl
Dat
Pl
Acc
Pl
Abl
Pl
Voc
Pl
-ae
-e
(er, ī)
-ī
-a
-ēs
- ārum - ōrum - ōrum -um
(-ī)
-a
-iaNeut -ūs
-ua
-ēs
-um
-ium
-uum
-uum
-ērum
-ibus
-ibus
-ēbus
-ūs
-ua
-ēs
-ibus
-ibus
-ēbus
-ua
-ēs
- īs
- īs
- īs
-ibus
-ibus
- ās
- ōs
-a
-ēs
-a
- īs
- īs
- īs
-ibus
-ibus
-ae
-ī
-a
-ēs
-a
-iaNeut
-iaNeut -ūs
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
4. Give the endings for the 3rd declension: (1) Masculine & Feminine + (2) Neuter endings
SINGULAR
Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl
(1) 3rd
Declension
Masc. &
Fem.
(2) 3rd
Declension
NEUTER
Voc
Nom Gen
PLURAL
Dat Acc
Abl
Voc
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
4. Give the endings for the 3rd declension: (1) Masculine & Feminine + (2) Neuter endings
SINGULAR
Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl
(1) 3rd
varies
-is
-ī
-em
-e
Declension
Voc
= Nom
PLURAL
Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl Voc
-ēs -ibus -ēs
-ēs -um -ibus
S
Masc. &
Fem.
(2) 3rd
Declension
NEUTER
varies
-is
-ī
=
Nom
S
-e
= Nom
S
-a
-um -ibus
-a
-ibus
-a
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
5. Decline the adjective fractus, a, um “broken” in agreement with the noun pēs, pedis M. “foot” & translate:
CASE/NUMBER
Nominative Sing
Genitive Sing
Dative Singular
Accusative Sing
Ablative Sing
Vocative Sing
Nominative
Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural
LATIN FORMS
1 ENGLISH Translation
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
5. Decline the adjective fractus, a, um “broken” in agreement with the noun pēs, pedis M. “foot” & translate:
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
Nominative Sing
pēs
fractus
Genitive Sing
pedis
fractī
Dative Singular
pedī
fractō
Accusative Sing
pedem
fractum
Ablative Sing
pede
fractō
Vocative Sing
pēs
Nominative Pl
pedēs
Genitive Plural
pedum
fractōrum
Dative Plural
pedibus
fractīs
Accusative Plural pedēs
Ablative Plural
pedibus
Vocative Plural
pedēs
1 ENGLISH Translation
fracte
fractī
fractōs
fractīs
fractī
(a/the) broken foot
of (a/the) broken foot, the broken foot’s
[to/for] (a/the) broken foot
(a/the) broken foot
with, from, by, in (a/the) broken foot
[O!/Hey!] broken foot
(the) broken feet
of (the) broken feet, the broken feet’s
[to/for] (the) broken feet
(the) broken feet
with, from, by, in (the) broken feet
[O!/Hey!] broken feet
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
8. Give the endings for the 3rd declension i-stem nouns: (1) Masculine & Feminine
Note that in the ablative singular, the ending –ī is for all
3rd
declension adjectives (and neuter i-stem nouns only)
SINGULAR
Nom
(1) 3rd
Declension
Masc. &
Fem.
(2) 3rd
Declension
NEUTER
Gen
Dat
Acc
+ (2) Neuter endings.
PLURAL
Abl
Voc
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Voc
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
8. Give the endings for the 3rd declension i-stem nouns: (1) Masculine & Feminine
Note that in the ablative singular, the ending –ī is for all
3rd
declension adjectives (and neuter i-stem nouns only)
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
varies
-is
-ī
-em
-e
/
-ī
=
-ēs
Nom
Sing
varies
-is
-ī
=
Nom
S
-e
/
-ī
=
Nom
Sing
(1) 3rd
Declension
+ (2) Neuter endings.
Voc
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Voc
- ium ibus
-ēs
ibus
-ēs
ium ibus
-ia
ibus
-ia
Masc. &
Fem.
(2)
3rd
Declension
NEUTER
-ia
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
9. Decline & translate the 3rd declension adjective gracilis, gracile “slender” to agree with the noun liber, librī
CASE/NUMBER
Nominative Sing
Genitive Sing
Dative Singular
Accusative Sing
Ablative Sing
Vocative Sing
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural
LATIN FORMS
1 ENGLISH Translation
M. “book”:
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
9. Decline & translate the 3rd declension adjective gracilis, gracile “slender” to agree with the noun liber, librī
CASE/NUMBER
Nominative Sing
LATIN FORMS
1 ENGLISH Translation
Genitive Sing
liber
librī
gracilis
gracilis
Dative Singular
librō
gracilī
Accusative Sing
librum
Ablative Sing
librō
liber
librī
librōrum
Vocative Sing
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
M. “book”:
gracilem
gracilī
gracilis
gracilēs
gracilium
Dative Plural
librīs
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
librōs
librīs
gracilēs
gracilibus
Vocative Plural
librī
gracilēs
gracilibus
(a/the) slender book
of (a/the) slender book,
the slender book’s
[to/for] (a/the) slender book
(a/the) slender book
with, from, by, in (a/the) slender book
[O!/Hey!] slender book
(the) slender books
of (the) slender books, the slender books’
[to/for] (the) slender
books
(the) slender books
with, from, by, in (the) slender books
[O!/Hey!] slender books
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
How to do a Synopsis – by tense, mood, voice, ending, etc.
INDICATIVE ACTIVE INDICATIVE ACTIVE
INDICATIVE
PRESENT
IMPERFECT
FUTURE for
1st/2nd Conjug.
FUTURE for 3rd
/3rd-io/4th Conj.
PERFECT
PLUPERFECT
FUTURE PERF.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION (“I” is an
example)
1st/2nd Principal part + ō,s,t,mus, tis, (1) I verb, (2) I am verbing, (3) I do verb
nt
1st/2nd Principal part + bam,bās,bat, (1) I was verbing, (2) I used to verb, (3) I
bāmus, bātis, bant
verbed, (4) I kept verbing, (5) I tried to
verb
1st/2nd Principal part + bō,bis,bit,
(1) I will (shall) verb, (2) I will be
bimus, bitis, bunt
verbing
1st/2nd Principal part +
(1) I will (shall) verb, (2) I will be
am,ēs,et,ēmus, ētis, ent [“1 A, 5 verbing
E’s”]
3rd principal part stem + ī, istī, it,
(1) I verbed, (2) I did verb, (3) I have
imus, istis, ērunt
verbed [true perfect]
rd
3 principal part stem + eram, erās, (1) I had verbed
erat, erāmus, erātis, erant
[rare progressive: (2) I had been verbing)]
3rd principal part stem + erō, eris,
(1) I shall/will have verbed
erit, erimus, eritis, erint*
LATIN FORMS
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
INDICATIVE –PASSIVE/DEPONENT
INDICATIVE LATIN FORMS
PRESENT
1st/2nd Principal part +
or,ris,tur,mur, minī, ntur
IMPERFECT 1st/2nd Principal part +
bar,bāris,bātur, bāmur, bāminī,
bantur
FUTURE for 1st/2nd Principal part +
1st/2nd Conjug. bor,beris,bitur, bimur, biminī,
buntur
FUTURE for 1st/2nd Principal part +
3rd / 3rd-io/4th ar,ēris,ētur,ēmur, ēminī, entur
Conj.
[“1 A, 5 E’s”]
PERFECT
(1) 4th Principal Part +
(2 words)
(2) sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
PLUPERFEC (1) 4th Principal Part + (2) eram,
T
erās, erat, erāmus, erātis, erant
(2 words)
FUTURE PERF.
(1) 4th Principal Part +
(2 words)
(2) erō, eris, erit, erimus, eritis,
erunt*
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(1) I am verbed, (2) I am being verbed
(1) I was verbed, (2) I was being verbed
(1) I will (shall) be verbed
(1) I will (shall) be verbed
(1) I have been verbed, (2) I was verbed
(1) I had been verbed
(1) I will (shall) have been verbed
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Participles
Present
Active
Latin Formation1 English Translation
1st/2nd Principal Part stem + ns, -ntis : (āns, āntis; ēns,
ēntis, ēns, ēntis, iēns, iēntis)
verbing
(3rd declension
i-stem):
Perfect
4th Principal Part (-us, -a, -um) (having been) verbed
Passive
Future Active 4th Principal Part stem + ((1) about to verb, (2) going to
ūrus, -ūra, -ūrum)
verb,
(3) intending to verb
Future Active 1st/2nd Principal Part stem + - (1) must be verbed, (2) ought to
(gerundive)
nd + us,-a, -um: (1st):
be verbed
andus/a/um; (2nd & 3rd):
endus/a/um; (3rd-io & 4th):
iendus/a/um)
[1]
For participles give the nom. form(s); for the present active, also give the gen. sing.
Pay attention to # & gender.
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
INFINITIVES
Present
Active
LATIN FORMS
2nd Principal Part (āre, ēre, ere, īre)
Present Passive
2nd Principal Part (ārī, ērī, ī, īrī)
Perfect
Active
3rd Principal Part Stem + -isse
Perfect
Passive
(1) 4th Principal Part + (2) esse
(2 words)
Future
Active
(2 words)
Future Active
(gerundive)
4th Principal Part stem
+ (-ūrus, -ūra, -ūrum)
+ esse
Gerundive + esse:
(1st): andus/a/um esse ; (2nd & 3rd): endus/a/um esse ;
(3rd-io & 4th): iendus/a/um esse)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(1) to verb, (2) to be verbing
(3) = time simultaneous in I.S.
(4) = the English gerund as
subject or direct object
(1) to be verbed
(2) = time simultaneous in I.S.
(3) = the English gerund as
subject or direct object
(1) = time prior (active) in
indirect statement
(2) to have verbed
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(3)
= time prior (passive/deponent)
in indirect statement
to have been verbed
= future active tense in indirect
statement
to be about to verb
to be going to verb
[seen in indirect statement]
(1) must be verbed,
(2) ought to be verbed
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
SUBJUNCTIVE
Active
PRESENT
IMPERFECT
PERFECT
PLUPERFECT
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION (* May change
depending on Context or construction!!!)
1st/2nd Principal part +
[We beat a giant liar] +
m,s,t,mus, tis, nt
2nd Principal Part +
m,s,t,mus, tis, nt
(1) hortatory: let me/us verb
(2) jussive: let her/him/it/them verb
(3) I may verb (purpose)
(4) same as indicative present
3rd Principal Part Stem +
erim, eris, erit, erimus,
eritis, erint
(1) 3rd Principal Part Stem
+ -isse + m,s,t,mus, tis,
nt… OR…
(2) Perfect Active
Infinitive + m,s,t,mus, tis,
nt
(1) same as indicative perfect
(2) I may have verbed
(1) I might verb (purpose)
(2) same as indicative imperfect
(3) I would verb
(4) I could verb (potential)
(1)same as indicative
pluperfect
(2)I might have verbed
(3)I would have verbed
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
SUBJUNCTIVE
Passive
PRESENT
LATIN FORMS
1st/2nd Principal part +
[We beat a giant liar] +
r,ris,tur,mur, minī, ntur
IMPERFECT
2nd Principal Part +
r,ris,tur,mur, minī, ntur
PERFECT
(1) 4th Principal Part +
(2) sim, sīs, sit, sīmus,
sītis, sint
(1) 4th Principal Part +
(2) essem, essēs, esset,
essēmus, essētis, essent
PLUPERFECT
ENGLISH TRANSLATION (* May change
depending on Context or construction!!!)
(1) hortatory: let me/us be verbed
(2) jussive: let her/him/it/them be
verbed
(3) I may be verbed (purpose)
(4) same as indicative present
(1) I might be verbed (purpose)
(2) same as indicative imperfect
(3) I would be verbed
(4) I could be verbed
(1) same as indicative perfect
(2) I may have been verbed
(1) same as indicative pluperfect
(2) I might have been verbed
(3) I would have been verbed
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Imperatives
LATIN FORMATIONS
English
SINGULAR
(ACTIVE)
Drop off –re from 2nd
Verb!
PLURAL (ACTIVE)
Drop off –re from 2nd
Principal Part (ā, ē, e, ī)
Verb!
Principal Part + te (āte, ēte,
ite, īte)
SINGULAR
(Deponent)
Looks just like the 2nd
Verb!
Principal Part of active verbs
(Deponent)
(āre, ēre, ere, īre)
PLURAL (Deponent) Drop off –rī from 2nd
Verb!
Principal Part + -minī (āminī,
(Deponent)
ēminī, iminī , īminī)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Periphrastic Future Subjunctive (found in indirect questions)
Primary
Sequence
(2 words)
Secondary
Sequence
(2 words)
(1) Future Active Participle +
(2) sim, sīs, sit, sīmus, sītis,
sint
(1) I will verb (primary
sequence)
(2) I am about to verb
(primary sequence)
(1) Future Active Participle +
(2) essem, essēs, esset,
essēmus, essētis, essent
(1) I was about to verb
(secondary sequence)
(2) I would verb
(secondary sequence)
What is the Passive Periphrastic?)
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
MATCHING
Match the meaning to the verb by putting a letter in the left hand column.
secūtus/a/um
sequēbātur
sequerentur
sequāmur
sequēns, sequentis
hīs actīs
secūtī eritis
sequuntur
sequere
secūtī essent
sequentur
secūtūrus/a/um
sequantur
secūtī sumus
secūta erat
puellīs secundum est
agendus, a, um
agendō
agite
agant vaccās ad forum.
a. about to follow
b. by doing
c. they will follow
d. they had followed (subjunctive)
e. they might follow (imperf. Subj.)
f. following (present active participle)
g. having followed, following (perfect participle)
h. must be done; to be done (in the future)
i. the girls must follow
j. let us follow
k. you all will have followed
l. we followed
m. do, drive! (plural), come on!
n. with these things (having been) done
o. let them drive the cows to the forum/market.
p. she had followed
q. Follow!
r. let them follow
s. they are following
t. she was following
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
MATCHING
Match the meaning to the verb by putting a letter in the left hand column.
g.
t.
e.
j.
f.
n.
k.
s.
q.
d.
c.
a.
r.
l.
p.
i.
h.
b.
m.
o.
secūtus/a/um
sequēbātur
sequerentur
sequāmur
sequēns, sequentis
hīs actīs
secūtī eritis
sequuntur
sequere
secūtī essent
sequentur
secūtūrus/a/um
sequantur
secūtī sumus
secūta erat
puellīs secundum est
agendus, a, um
agendō
agite
agant vaccās ad forum.
a. about to follow
b. by doing
c. they will follow
d. they had followed (subjunctive)
e. they might follow (imperf. Subj.)
f. following (present active participle)
g. having followed, following (perfect participle)
h. must be done; to be done (in the future)
i. the girls must follow
j. let us follow
k. you all will have followed
l. we (have) followed
m. do, drive! (plural), come on!
n. with these things (having been) done
o. let them drive the cows to the forum/market.
p. she had followed
q. Follow!
r. let them follow
s. they are following
t. she was following
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Synopsis Template of a Normal Verb with 4 principal parts
1. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
Person:
tenses, moods,
LATIN ACTIVE FORMS
etc. ↓
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future Perfect
Indicative
Number:
Gender:
LATIN PASSIVE FORMS
Synopsis
Normal Final
Verb with
4 principal
parts
- continued
ReviewTemplate
for Latinof3aHonors
– Oxford
Latin
Course,
Liber Tertius
Present
Infinitive
Present
Command
Imperative
Singular
Present
Command
Imperative
Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect Passive
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Future Passive
Participle =
Gerundive
Gerund in the
Ablative
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Synopsis Template of a Deponent Verb with Translations
1. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, moods,
etc. ↓
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future Perfect
Indicative
Person:
LATIN FORMS
Number:
Gender:
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Synopsis Template of a Deponent Verb with Translations - continued
Present
Infinitive
Present
Command
Imperative
Singular
Present
Command
Imperative
Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Gerundive –
Translate
Passively
Gerund in the
Ablative
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
1. Principal parts + meaning:
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstus/a/um = to feed
Conjugation #:
3rd Person: 3rd
Number: Singular
Gender: Masc
tenses, moods, etc.
LATIN ACTIVE FORMS
LATIN PASSIVE FORMS
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future Perfect
Indicative
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
1. Principal parts + meaning:
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstus/a/um = to feed
Conjugation #:
3rd Person: 3rd
Number: Singular
Gender: Masc
tenses, moods, etc.
LATIN ACTIVE FORMS
LATIN PASSIVE FORMS
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future Perfect
Indicative
pāscit
pāscat
pāscēbat
pāsceret
pāscet
pāvit
pāverit
pāverat
pāvisset
pāverit
pāscitur
pāscātur
pāscēbātur
pāscerētur
pāscētur
pāstus est
pāstus sit
pāstus erat
pāstus esset
pāstus erit
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
3rd
Present
Infinitive
Present Command
Imperative Singular
Present Command
Imperative Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect Passive
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Future Passive
Participle =
Gerundive
Gerund in the
Ablative
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstus/a/um = to feed
Person: 3rd
Number: Singular Gender: Masc
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
3rd
Present
Infinitive
Present Command
Imperative Singular
Present Command
Imperative Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect Passive
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstus/a/um = to feed
Person: 3rd
pāscere
pāsce
pāscite
pāscēns, pāscēntis
pāvisse
pāscī
pāscere
pāsciminī
pāstus/a/um esse
pāstus/a/um
pāstūrus/a/um
pāstūrus/a/um
esse
Future Passive
Participle =
Gerundive
Gerund in the
Ablative
Number: Singular Gender: Masc
pāscendus/a/um
pāscendō
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
2. Principal parts + meaning: hortor, hortārī, hortātus/a/um sum = to encourage, urge
Conjugation #:
1st Deponent
Person: 2nd
Number: Plural Gender: Fem
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Perfect
Indicative
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
2. Principal parts + meaning: hortor, hortārī, hortātus/a/um sum = to encourage, urge
Conjugation #:
1st Deponent
Person: 2nd
Number: Plural Gender: Fem
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
Present
you (pl.) are encouraging
Indicative
Present
you (pl.) may encourage*
Subjunctive
Imperfect
you (pl.) were/kept encouraging, used to
Indicative
encourage, etc.
Imperfect
you (pl.) might encourage*
Subjunctive
Future
you (pl.) will encourage
Indicative
Perfect
you (pl.) (have) encouraged
Indicative
Perfect
you (pl.) may have encouraged*
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
you (pl.) had encouraged
Indicative
Pluperfect
you (pl.) might have encouraged*
Subjunctive
Future
you (pl.) will have encouraged
Perfect
Indicative
hortāminī
hortēminī
hortābāminī
hortārēminī
hortābiminī
hortātae estis
hortātae sītis
hortātae erātis
hortātae essētis
hortātae eritis
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
2. Principal parts + meaning:
hortor, hortārī, hortātus/a/um sum = to encourage, urge
Conjugation #:
1st Deponent
Person: 2nd
Number: Plural
Gender: Fem
Present
Infinitive
Present
Command
Imperative
Singular
Present
Command
Imperative
Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Gerundive
Gerund in the
Ablative
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
2. Principal parts + meaning:
hortor, hortārī, hortātus/a/um sum = to encourage, urge
Conjugation #:
1st Deponent
Person: 2nd
Number: Plural
Gender: Fem
Present
Infinitive
Present
Command
Imperative
Singular
Present
Command
Imperative
Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Gerundive
Gerund in the
Ablative
hortārī
hortāre
to encourage*
encourage (!)
hortāminī
encourage (!)
hortāns, hortāntis
hortātae esse
hortātae
hortātūrae
hortātūrae esse
hortandae
hortandō
encouraging
to have encouraged*
encouraging, having encouraged
about to encourage
to be about to encourage*
to be encouraged*
by encouraging
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
out a verb synopsis for one of the following deponent verbs in the 3rd
person PLURAL, feminine. Choose one for which you remember the meaning
AND you may (carefully) bucket only the English translations:
Fill
a. fruor, fruī, frūctus sum
(3rd conjugation)
b. cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum (1st conjugation)
c. lābor, lābī, lāpsus sum
(3rd conjugation)
OR
OR
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
INDICATIVE
PRESENT
INDICATIVE
IMPERFECT
INDICATIVE
FUTURE
INDICATIVE
PERFECT
INDICATIVE
PLUPERFECT
INDICATIVE
FUTURE PERF.
INDICATIVE
Present Active
PARTICIPLE
Perfect
PARTICIPLE
Future Active**
PARTICIPLE
Future Passive Participle
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
TENSE/VOICE
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Present
INFINITIVE
Perfect
INFINITIVE
Future** INFINITIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
PRESENT
SUBJUNCTIVE
IMPERFECT
SUBJUNCTIVE
PERFECT**
SUBJUNCTIVE
PLUPERFECT**
SUBJUNCTIVE
IMPERATIVES
SINGULAR IMPERATIVE
PLURAL IMPERATIVE
Review for Latin 3 Honors Final – Oxford Latin Course, Liber Tertius
Praedonēs nōbīs capiendī sunt.
Quid nunc faciamus?
Dormiendī causā in cubiculum meum ambulāvī.
Quintus, laboribus confectīs, cum amicīs colloquēbatur.
Athenās Brutus navigāvit nē ab Antoniō caperetur.
Quintus senem rogat quando parentēs discessissent.
Utinam Domina Gaga nē cantāret!
Quintus cognoscit parentēs suōs Venusiā discessisse.
Ulixes, veritus ne Polyphemus dolum cognosceret, quam
celerrime ad navem festinavit.
Nōn discessissem, si epistolam misisses!
Brutō duce, Quintus Pompeiusque Philippīs pugnāvērunt.
nesciebant tamen quae Augustus in animo haberet.
poetae canebant eum copias in Parthos ductūrum esse.
librōrum legendōrum causā puerī ad bibliothēcam
cucurrērunt.
Helvetiī, hīs prīmīs rātiōnibus adductī et auctoritāte Orgetorigis
permōtī, constituērunt peragere ea quae ad proficīscendum pertinērent,
comparāre iumentōrum et carrōrum quam maximum numerum emere,
sementēs quam maximās facere, ut in itinere copia frumentī suppeteret,
cum proximīs cīvitātibus pācem et amīcitiam confirmāre. Ad eās rēs
conficiendās biennium sibi satis esse existimāvērunt; in tertium annum
profectiōnem consensū ūniversō confirmant.
Ad eās res conficiendās Orgetorix deligitur. Is sibi legātionem
ad civitātes suscepit. In eō itinere persuadet Casticō Sequanō ut regnum
in civitāte suā occuparet, quod pater ante habuerat; itemque persuadet
Dumnorigī Haeduō, fratri Diviciāci, qui eō tempore principātum in
civitāte obtinebat ac maxime plebī acceptus erat, ut idem conārētur
persuadet, eīque fīliam suam in matrimonium dat. Tandem Orgetorix
dīxit sē ipsum suae civitātis imperium obtentūrum esse.
-Caesar, De Bello Gallico I
Helvetii = Helvetians; people who lived in what is now Switzerland
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
[1]
[2]
addūcō, addūcere : a stronger form of dūcō, dūcere = to influence, draw to/by
Orgetorix, Orgetorigis M = Orgetorix, the leader of the Helvetii
[4] peragere is a stronger form of ago, agere
[5] pertinere : think of our english derivative “pertain” or “relate to”
[6] comparāre is a stronger form of parāre.
[7] iumenta = pack animals (e.g., donkeys, horses)
[8] sementis, sementis F = sowing, planting
[9] suppeto, suppetere = to supply
[10] consensus, consensūs M = agreement
[11] Casticus, Casticī M. = Casticus, the member of the Sequani tribe (Sequanus is the ancient name of the River Seine)
[3]
[1]
Helvetii = Helvetians; people who lived in what is now Switzerland
[2] addūcō, addūcere : a stronger form of dūcō, dūcere = to influence, draw to/by
[3] Orgetorix, Orgetorigis M = Orgetorix, the leader of the Helvetii
[4] peragere is a stronger form of ago, agere
[5] pertinere : think of our english derivative “pertain” or “relate to”
[6] comparāre is a stronger form of parāre.
[7] iumenta = pack animals (e.g., donkeys, horses)
[8] sementis, sementis F = sowing, planting
[9] suppeto, suppetere = to supply
[10] consensus, consensūs M = agreement
[11] Casticus, Casticī M. = Casticus, the member of the Sequani tribe
(Sequanus is the ancient name of the River Seine)
[12] item = likewise, in tlike manner
[13] Dumnorix, Dumnorigis M = Dumnorix, a high-ranking member of the Haedui
(line 2): constituērunt is best translated -------------------.
a. they accomplished
b. they conquered
c. they perfected
d. they decided
adductī and permōtī are both Perfect Passive
(line 1):
Participles in the
a. nominative
case
.
b. genitive case c. dative case
(line 2): proficīscendum
a. infinitive
d. ablative case
is a(n) ------------------.
b. gerund
c. gerundive
d. present participle
(line 3):
quam maximum
a. as great as possible
d. larger than
b. very large
c. larger
(line 4): suppeteret is a(n) ---------------------.
a. present subjunctive in a result clause
b. imperfect subjunctive in a purpose clause
c. imperfect subjunctive in a result clause
d. present subjunctive in a purpose clause
(line 5): conficiendās
a. gerundive
present participle
is a ------------------------.
b. gerund
c. perfect participle
d.
(line 7): Ad eās rēs conficiendās expresses ------------------------.
a. result b. an indirect question
c. purpose
d. a
necessity
(line 7): sibi
a. genitive
accusative
is a(n) ---------------------.
b. dative
c. nominative
(line 8): persuadet
persuaded).
a. ablative
d. dative
takes the ---------------case (of the person
b. genitive
c. accusative
d.
(line 10): eō tempore
is an --------------------.
a. ablative of place where
c. ablative absolute
(line 11):
b. ablative of time when
d. ablative of manner
ut idem conārētur is best translated:
a. that the same thing might be tried
b. to try/attempt the same
thing
c. with the result that he tried the same
thing
d. if only he were to try the same
(line 11):
Who marries the daughter?
a. Diviciacus
b. Orgetorix
d. Casticus
c. Dumnorix
The leader of the Helvetian migration was -----------------------.
a. Diviciacus
b. Orgetorix
c. Dumnorix
d. Casticus
Which of the following did the Helvetians NOT INITIALLY do in preparation for
departure?
a. strengthen peace with neighbors
b. buy carts and animals
c. establish laws for departure
d. plant many
fields
How many years did they think were needed for preparation for the migration?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four