Unit 2, Chapters 6-8 Terms
1. Salutary neglect: Britain didn’t enforce the Navigation Laws on Americans.
2. Navigation laws: Restricted American trade beyond England.
3. French and Indian/ 7 Years war: English and French wanted control of North America. Began in
Ohio valley. France became a rival to Britain, and later America’s ally.
4. Albany Congress: In 1754, 7 of the colonies met with Iroquois chiefs in Albany, NY to gain support
in the war and to gain alliance.
5. Join or Die: Ben Franklin’s cartoon of a cut snake, representing the colonies’ need for unity.
6. Native American Role in F&I War: Some tribes sided with the English and others sided with the
French.
7. Peace of Paris 1763: The Treaty of Paris. France was kicked out of North America. Britain got
Canada and the land to the Mississippi River. France kept sugar plantations and two St. Lawrence
islands. Spain got Louisiana.
8. Pontiac’s Rebellion: Pontiac was an Ottawa chief who led an uprising in the Ohio valley. The
British were victorious. Pontiac was killed by a rival chief. This allowed colonists to travel west of
the Appalachian Mountains.
9. Proclamation of 1763: Whites could not cross the Proclamation Line (the Appalachians) into
Indian land. Colonists ignored this Proclamation.
10. Rights as Englishmen: Americans believed that they deserved their full rights as Englishmen and
that Britain was violating their rights with things such as the navigation laws and taxes.
11. Republicanism: Citizens elect representatives.
12. Radical Whigs: Patriots were also known as Whigs. They criticized the King and influenced colonial
thinking. Examples are Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry.
13. Mercantilism: A nation’s status is determined by its gold or silver. Britain was mercantilist. They
used America to gain money, and it kept America’s economy from growing.
14. George Greenville: Prime minister who enforced the Navigation Acts.
15. Stamp Tax: Britain taxed most printed materials to raise money for military.
16. Sugar Act 1764: Parliament passed a tax on sugar to replace the Molasses Act.
17. Quartering Act 1765: Colonists had to provide food and shelter for British troops.
18. Admiralty courts V Rights as Englishmen: The English courts did not contain habeas corpus for the
colonists. The colonists felt this violated their rights, so they boycotted.
19. Virtual representation: Americans argued for no taxation without representation, but Greenville
said Parliament represents Britain and therefore represents the colonies.
20. Stamp Act Congress 1765: 9 of the colonies met in NYC to object the Stamp Act. They used
boycotts, intimidation, and wrote a Declaration of Rights and Grievances. When the act passed,
there were no tax collectors to collect it, and it was repealed.
21. Non-importation agreements: Colonists’ boycott of British goods in protest to policies.
22. Sons & Daughters of Liberty: Made an example of tax collectors by means such as tarring and
feathering them. Led to the repeal of the Stamp Act.
23. King George III: A good man, but a bad ruler.
24. Declaratory Act: Stated that Parliament had a law-making authority over America.
25. Townshend Act: A hidden tax on paper, lead, paint and tea. Americans protested and Britain
reacted.
26. Boston Massacre: British troops were sent to Boston to keep order. Colonists harassed them, and
the officers opened fire, wounding 11 people. People such as Paul Revere portrayed it as a bloody
attack.
27. John Adams: A patriot. As an attorney, found the British officers guilty. He attended the
Continental Congress. He helped to write the Treaty of Paris.
28. Abigail Adams: Wife of John Adams. Supported women’s rights.
29. Samuel Adams: Cousin of John Adams. A patriot who opposed the tea tax. He founded the
Committees of Correspondence and led the Boston Tea Party.
30. Committees of Correspondence: Originally from Boston and spread to all colonies. Encouraged
opposition to British policy by exchanging letters. Grew to be first American congresses.
31. Boston Tea Party: December 16, 1773. After a new tea tax on America, protestors dressed up as
Indians and threw tea overboard into the Boston harbor.
32. Intolerable Acts: Repressive Acts to punish America. The Boston harbor was shut down, the
Massachusetts charter was revoked, and certain crimes were to be tried by English jurors.
33. Quebec Act: Was to benefit French-Canadians in America. Okayed Catholicism, let them have
trials without juries, and let them stay in the Ohio valley. Americans disliked the Act.
34. Continental Congress 1774: Met in Philadelphia. 12 of the colonies were there, without Georgia.
The congress made a list of grievances and a Declaration of Rights.
35. George Washington: A major in the F&I War, and an American general in the Revolution.
36. Ben Franklin: American diplomat who organized the Franco-American Treaty.
37. The Association: In response to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress started a
boycott in 1774.
38. Lexington and Concord: First battles of the Revolution. Lexington had the “shot heard round the
world”.
39. Second Continental Congress: Met in May 1775 in Philadelphia to discuss the war. They sent
another list of grievances to the king, raised money for an army and navy, and appointed George
Washington as a general. Richard Henry Lee’s motion for independence passed on July 2, 1776.
40. Common Sense: A pamphlet by Thomas Paine, promoting that it was “common sense” that it was
time for America to become independent and build a republic. Americans liked his ideas.
41. Thomas Jefferson: Wrote the Declaration of Independence.
42. Declaration of Independence: Made up of the preamble, statement of rights (based on John
Locke’s “natural rights”), list of grievances, and a statement of separation. Clarified that America
was no longer loyal to the king, was accepting foreign help, and that they would be charged for
treason if they lost.
43. Loyalists/Tories: The 16% of Americans who supported Britain in the Revolution. Usually
conservative, aristocratic, and Anglican. Other Americans saw them as traitors and punished
them.
44. Battle of Saratoga: A critical turning point. British General Burgoyne had to surrender. This was a
major victory that lifted spirits and convinced France to aid America.
45. Battle of Yorktown: The last major battle of the war and an American victory.
46. General Cornwallis: British general who surrendered at Yorktown.
47. Lord North: Prime minister of King George III.
48. Treaty of Paris 1783: Ended the Revolution. It required that America be recognized as
independent, keep some fishing rights in Newfoundland, and to treat the Loyalists fairly.
49. Patrick Henry: A radical and anti-federalist. At the Virginia Assembly said, “Give me liberty or give
me death!” Attended the first Continental Congress.
50. Olive Branch Petition: The Continental Congress sent this to the king to pledge loyalty and
request peace. The king rejected it.
Chapter 5 Sections
51. “Conquest by the cradle”: In 1775, there were 32 British colonies in North America, 13 of which
were in the American Revolution. There were 2.5 million people in the 13 colonies, the average
age was 16, and the majority of the population was rural farmers.
52. “The structure of colonial society”: Unlike in Europe, colonists could work their way to higher
social classes. Wars created revenue for merchants, but also left behind poor widows and
orphans. In the south, social rank from top to bottom was planters, farmers, landless whites,
indentured servants, and black slaves.
53. “Workaday America”: Wheat and tobacco were staple crops in the colonies, and fishing was
popular in New England. The Triangle Trade went into action. Lumber was a top industry. Laborers
were in high demand. Americans worked around the Molasses Act of 1733 by smuggling.
54. “The great awakening”: The Great Awakening was America’s first mass movement, tried not to let
Christianity to die down. Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were prominent preachers
considered “New Lights” that attracted a lot of followers.
55. “The great game of politics”: 8 colonies had royal governors by 1775, most colonies had a twohouse legislature, and there were few corrupt governors. Land was no longer a requirement to
vote.
56. “Colonial folkways”: In America, churches did not have heat and homes did not have running
water or plumbing, and there was no waste management. However, colonists kept entertained by
games, plays, hunting, lotteries, and holidays.