Tissues
Chapter 5
Objectives:
1. List and describe the four major tissue
types, and provide examples of where
each occurs in the body.
2. Name the types of epithelium, and
identify an organ in which each is
found.
3. Distinguish different types of
connective and muscular tissues.
Tissue:
• Def.: a group of similar cells that performs a
specialized function
• 4 major types of tissues:
A. Epithelial Tissues
•
•
Forms linings throughout the body
Anchored to underlying connective tissue by a
nonliving layer called basement membrane
1. Simple Squamous Epithelium - a single layer of
thin, flattened cells
–
–
–
–
Fit together tightly
Broad, thin nuclei
Substances pass through easily; easily damaged
Found in lung air sacs, capillary walls, and
membranes lining body cavities
– ???
Epithelial Tissues (cont.)
2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium – single layer of
cube-shaped cells
– Centrally located, spherical nuclei
– Ovaries, kidney tubules, ducts of some glands
– Adds in secretion and absorption
Epithelial Tissues (cont.)
3. Simple Columnar Epithelium – longer than
they are wide (elongated, like columns)
– Thicker
– Nuclei located near the basement membrane
– Ciliated – found in female reproductive tubes
– Nonciliated – lining of uterus, stomach, intestines
Epithelial Tissues (cont.)
4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium –
appear to be stratified (layered), but are not
– Why? Nuclei are found at different levels in the
cells, instead of only near the basement
membrane.
– Many are ciliated.
– Found lining respiratory passages
Epithelial Tissues (cont.)
5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
– Many layers = thick (for protection) ???
– Outer layer of skin (“epidermis”)
– Lining of mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal
6. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
– 2-3 layers of cuboidal cells lining a lumen
– Lines large ducts of glands (mammary, sweat,
salivary, pancreas) and of ovarian follicles and
seminiferous tubules
7. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
– Top layer elongated; base layer cube-shaped
– Found in male urethra, vas deferens, and pharynx
Epithelial Tissues (cont.)
8. Transitional Epithelium – changes in response
to tension
– Found lining the bladder, ureters, and part of the
urethra
– Contracted – thicker; many layers **
– Relaxed – stretches and appears thinner
• See Table 5.3, p. 99!!