Picture A
Source: The Art Archive
Description: African people provided the labor on sugar plantations in the New World. Here, African
slaves plant sugarcane while being supervised by a white overseer.
Picture B
Source: Scphoto48 | Dreamstime.com
Description: Competition among European nation-states led to technological innovations in weaponry.
Nation-states began to fortify their navies with powerful weapons, such as cannons.
Picture C
Source: North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy
Description: The Spanish forced natives to perform grueling and dangerous work mining precious metals
in the New World. Millions of laborers in Spanish gold and silver mines died from overwork and exposure
to the elements.
Picture D
Source: Library of Congress
Description: In 1492, Christopher Columbus came ashore in the Americas while on a voyage to discover
a new sea route to Asia from Europe.
Picture E
Source: The Art Archive / Maritiem Museum Prins Hendrik Rotterdam / Gianni Dagli Orti
Description: During the Age of Exploration European states took over colonies for access to their
resources. Shown here are warehouses of European companies in Canton, China, in the early 1800s.
Picture F
Source: The Granger Collection, NYC
Description: Very powerful monarchs ruled states in Europe. This is a painting of King Louis XIV. He was
king of France from 1643 to 1715.
Picture G
Source: Wikipedia commons
Description: This modern-day farm in South America was built on Incan created terraces. This farm is
growing quinoa and wheat. Quinoa is a food native to South America but wheat was brought fby
Europeans in the 1500’s.
Picture H
Source: A literary and historical atlas of America, by Bartholomew, J. G.
Description: The above map was an early map of the Atlantic Ocean that Columbus used in his voyage.
The continent of North America was added by modern cartographers for reference.
Picture I
Source: The Granger Collection, NYC
Description:Smallpox, which was brought to Mexico by the Spaniards, killed many of the native Aztec
population. This 16th-century illustration shows victims of a smallpox epidemic being treated by an Aztec
medicine man.
Picture J
Source: Kevin Tietz | Dreamstime.com
Description: The Catholic Church built many missions in Spanish America to convert American Indians
to Christianity. This is Mission Concepción in what is now San Antonio, Texas.