The Science
of DigitalSeminar
Media
Display
Technologies
Flat Panel Displays
7May 2010
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
1
The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
Agenda
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Introduction
FPD in general
FED
OLED
PLED
SED
Conclusions
17 March 2010
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
2
The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
Flat Panel Displays
Volatile
• Pixels are periodically
refreshed to retain their
state
• Refresh many times a
second
• Otherwise image will
fade from the screen
• Plasma, LCD, OLED,
LED, ELD, SED and
FED-displays
17 March 2010
Static
• Material with bistable
color states
• No energy to maintain
image needed, only to
change
• Slow refresh state
• Deployment in limited
applications
• Cholesteric displays,
outdoor advertising,
e-book products
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3
The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
Field Emission Display
• Developed by Motorola and others during the 1990s
• Very similar to a CRT
• Utilizes an electron emitter which activates
phosphors on a screen
• In CRT an electron gun scatters the charged
particles
• Each FED pixel has its own corresponding
electron source
• At first conical electron emitters (known as a "Spindt
tip") – nowdays carbon nanotubes
• Electrons in a FED are not produced by heat
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Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
FED
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
FED
Advantages
• More power efficient
than LCD
• Less weight that same
size LCD
• Fewer total components
and processes involved
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Disadvantages
• Erosion of the emitters
• Extremely high vacuum
required in order to operate
• Hard to manufacture
for commercial use
• Production difficulties
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6
The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
FED
First models 2007
•19.2-inches.
•1,280 x 960 resolution
•brightness of 400cd/m2
•20,000:1 contrast ratio
•Sony’sField Emission
Technologies, whose
purpose was to develop
the displays closed it
doors in 2009.
•Reason mainly due to
difficulty in raising funds
for manufacturing.
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
Organic Light-emitting Diode
• Developed by Eastman-Kodak
• Two types: small molecule OLED and polymer
OLED
• A Layer of organic material is sandwiched between
two conductors (an anode and a cathode) which are
between seal and subsrate
• Electro-luminescent bright light is produced from
the organic material when current is applied to
the conductors
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
OLED color
• Only pure colors expressed when an electric current
stimulates the relevant pixels
• Primary color matrix arranged in red, green, and blue
pixels, mounted directly to a printed circuit board
• Ambient light interference reduced with "micro-cavity”
structure -> improves overall color contrast
• Organic layer adjusted for each color for strongest light
• Colors purified with color filter without the need for
polarizer -> outstanding color purity.
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
OLED
Source: http://www.oled-display.net/how-works-the-oled-technology
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The Science of Digital Media
How OLED is built
OLED production
VS.
LCD production
Source: http://www.oled-display.net/how-works-the-oled-technology
The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
PLED
Source: http://www.educypedia.be/electronics/pled.htm
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The Science of Digital Media
Different OLED technologies
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AM OLED = Active Matrix OLED device
FOLED = Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diode (UDC)
OLED = Organic Light Emitting Diode/Device/Display
PhOLED = Phosphorescent Oragnic Light Emitting Diode (UDC)
PLED = Polymer Light Emitting Diode (CDT)
PM OLED = Passive Matrix OLED device
POLED = Polymer Oragnic Light Emitting Diode (CDT)
RCOLED = Resonant Coloe Oragnic Light Emitting Diode
SmOLED = Small Molecule Ogranic Light Emitting Diode (Kodak)
SOLED = Stacked Oragnic Light Emitting Diode (UDC)
TOLED = Transparent Oragnic Light Emitting Diode (UDC)
The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
OLED
Advantages
• Can be printed onto
any suitable substrate
with inkjet (PLED)
• Flexible displays
• Great artificial contrast
ratio and color potential
• No need for a backlight
• Great viewing angle
• Fast response times
17 March 2010
Disadvantages
• Lifespan (especially blue)
• Color balance issues (due
lifespan issues)
• Water damage
• Outdoor performance
• Power consumption
• Possible screen burn-in
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
OLED
• Samsung SDI exhibited a
40-inch OLED panel at
the FPD International 2008
• full HD resolution of 1920 x 1080
• contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1
• color gamut of 107% NTSC
• luminance of 200cd/m2 (peak
luminance of 600cd/m2)
• Samsung shows 3D Panels at
CES-2010.
• Sony shows 24.5-inch
prototype OLED 3D television
during the Consumer Electronics
Show in January 2010.
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
OLED
Source: DisplaySearch Q2,09 Quarterly OLED Shipment
and Forecast Report
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display
• Co-developed by Canon and Toshiba Corporation
• Very similar to a CRT
• Utilizes an electron emitter which activates
phosphors on a screen
• The electron emission element is made from few
nanometers thick electron emission film
• No electron beam deflector required
• Separate emitter for each color phosphor, 3/pixel
or 1/sub-pixel
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
SED
Source: http://www.oled-display.info/what-means-sed-tv
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
SED vs. FED
• The significant
differences between SED (a)
and FED (b) is in the electron
source plate and the drive
electronics
Source: http://www.oled-display.info/structure-and-manufacturing-of-an-sed-tv-andfed-tv-partii
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
SED
Advantages
•The overall power
efficiency about ten
times better than a LCD
of the same size
•Less complex than LCD
•Fast response time and
high contrast ratio
•Wide viewing angle
•advantages over the
FED in manufacturing
state
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Disadvantages
•Potential screen burn-in
•Mass production
difficulties
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
SED
Prototype 2006
• 1080p 55-inch models
• 450 nits of brightness
• 50,000:1 contrast ratio
• 1ms response time
•Mass production delayed
due to lawsuits between
Canon and NanoProprietary Inc
concerning SED panel
patent license agreement
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Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
Future
• Some of the technologies have faded after the
prototype phase
• OLEDs are the most promising
• Flexible displays
• Printing technology
• Printed vs non printed
• Rigid vs flexible
• Inorganic vs organic,
• Cost of materials vs process
• New technologies still in development
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
Future
Samsung Wave (SuperAMOLED)
vs.
Nokia X6 (TFT LCD
capacitive touchscreen)
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Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
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The Science
of Displays
Digital Media
Flat Panel
Questions?
Thank you!
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Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
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