Economic Outlook for 2016 and Beyond Michael A. Brown, Economist October 6, 2015 Overview Business Investment Labor Market 2015 Growth Inflation & Interest Rates Wells Fargo Economics 2 Fiscal Policy Where Are We Now? U.S. Real GDP Bars = CAGR Line = Yr/Yr Percent Change 10% 10% GDP - CAGR: Q2 @ 3.9% 8% GDP - Yr/Yr Percent Change: Q2 @ 2.7% 6% 6% Forecast 4% Economic growth should continue at a modest pace over the coming quarters 4% 2% 2% 0% 0% -2% -2% -4% -4% -6% -6% -8% -8% -10% 2000 -10% 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 8% 3 2012 2014 2016 Real Final Sales Real Final Sales to Domestic Purchasers Bars = CAGR 8% Line = Yr/Yr Percent Change 8% 6% 6% Forecast 4% Growth in domestic spending clearly has strengthened 4% 2% 2% 0% 0% -2% -2% -4% -4% -6% -6% -8% Real Fin Sales to Dom. Purch. - CAGR: Q2 @ 3.7% -8% Real Fin Sales to Dom. Purch. - Yr/Yr Pct Chg: Q2 @ 3.0% -10% 2000 -10% 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 4 2012 2014 2016 Capital Spending Real Equipment Investment Bars = CAGR Line = Yr/Yr Percent Change 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% Forecast 10% Growth in business fixed investment spending will support growth in the coming quarters 0% 10% 0% -10% -10% -20% -20% -30% -30% -40% -40% -50% Equipment Investment - CAGR: Q2 @ 0.3% -50% Equipment Investment - Yr/Yr Percent Change: Q2 @ 3.3% -60% 2000 -60% 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 5 2012 2014 2016 Nonresidential Construction Real Nonresidential Construction Bars = CAGR 40% Line = Yr/Yr Percent Change 30% 30% 20% 20% Forecast 10% Commercial construction spending will help to perpetuate business investment in the year ahead 40% 0% 10% 0% -10% -10% -20% -20% -30% -30% -40% -40% Nonres Construction - CAGR: Q2 @ 6.2% Nonres Construction - Yr/Yr Percent Change: Q2 @ 0.2% -50% 2000 -50% 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 6 2012 2014 2016 Small Businesses Wells Fargo Small Business Survey & NFIB Overall Situation, NFIB Small Business Optimism 1986=100 120 Small business optimism has finally turned around 115 100 110 80 105 60 100 40 95 20 90 0 85 -20 80 Wells Fargo Overall Situation: Q3 @ 59.0 (Left Axis) -40 75 Small Business Optimism: Q2 @ 96.5 (Right Axis) -60 70 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Source: National Federation of Independent Businesses, Gallup, Wells Fargo Bank and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 7 Small Businesses Homeowners' Equity vs. WF Small Business Survey Percent Share of Home Values, Index 70% 180 Equity as a Share of Home Value (Left Axis): Q2 @ 56.3% Wells Fargo Overall Situation (Right Axis): Q3 @ 59.0 65% Recovery in home equity values has supported small business activity 150 60% 120 55% 90 50% 60 45% 30 40% 0 35% -30 30% -60 03 05 07 09 11 Source: Federal Reserve Board, Wells Fargo Bank, Gallup and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 8 13 15 U.S. Housing Market Despite some recent setbacks, we continue to look for a gradual recovery in homebuilding. The homeownership rate continues to come down. Homeownership Owners vs. Renters CoreLogic National Home Price Index vs. Homeownership Rate U.S. Homeowners vs. Renters 24% 70% Annual Change in Occupied Units, In Thousands 2,500 2,500 Renters: 2014 @ 1026.3 Thousand Homeowners: 2014 @ -234.5 Thousand 18% 69% 2,000 12% 68% 1,500 1,500 6% 67% 1,000 1,000 0% 66% 500 -6% 65% 0 -12% 64% -500 63% -1,000 62% -1,500 -18% Home Price Index Yr/Yr: Q2 @ 5.9% (Left Axis) 2,000 500 0 Series Break 1981 -500 -1,000 Homeownership Rate: Q2 @ 63.4% (Right Axis) -24% 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 Source: NAR, CoreLogic, U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics -1,500 66 9 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 02 06 10 14 A Shifting Demographic Profile Higher student debt burdens are hindering young adults’ ability to form new households Student Loans Household Formation Student Loan Debt Young Adults Living in Parent's Household Households With Head Under 35, Ths. of 2013 Dollars 45% Percent of Total Population Aged 25 to 34 Years $30 16% Median Value: 2013 @ $17.2K (Right Axis) Percent with Student Debt: 2013 @ 41.7% (Left Axis) 16% 25 to 34 Year Olds: 2014 @ 14.4% 40% 1995 to 2007 Average $25 35% $20 30% $15 25% $10 20% $5 15% 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 12% 12% 10% 10% 8% 6% 2013 6% 1995 Source: Federal Reserve Board, U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 14% 8% $0 1989 14% 10 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 The Consumer Consumer Expenditure Growth Year-over-Year Percent Change & Change from 2011 to 2014 25.0% Food away from home, entertainment, and apparel spending have improved over the past year as the economy has picked up Year-over-Year Percent Change Recovering 20.0% Share of Average Total Expenditures <5.5% 5.5% - 8.0% >8.0% Expanding Healthcare 15.0% Apparel and Services Housing - Rented Entertainment 10.0% Food Away from Home 5.0% Housing - Owned Transportation 0.0% Food at Home Decelerating Contracting -5.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% Percent Change from Three Years Ago Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 11 30.0% 35.0% The Consumer Real Personal Consumption Expenditures Bars = CAGR 8% Line = Yr/Yr Percent Change 8% 6% 6% 4% Consumer spending growth will continue to average around 2.5 percent Forecast 2% 2% 0% 0% -2% -2% -4% -4% -6% -8% 2000 -6% PCE - CAGR: Q2 @ 3.6% PCE - Yr/Yr Percent Change: Q2 @ 3.3% -8% 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 4% 12 2012 2014 2016 Unemployment Rates Underuse of Labor U-6 Unemployment Rate Components, Seasonally Adjusted 24% 24% Part-Time for Economic Reasons: Sep @ 3.8% Discouraged and Marginally Attached: Sep @ 1.1% 20% 20% Unemployed: Sep @ 5.1% U-6 Unemployment Rate: Sep @ 10% Alternative measures of unemployment show an historically high level of underemployment 16% 16% 12% 12% 8% 8% 4% 4% 0% 0% 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 13 08 10 12 14 Employment Rate Employment-Population Ratio 16 Years and Over, Seasonally Adjusted 65 The employment rate is picking up, but structural issues remain 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 Employment-Population Ratio: Sep @ 59.2 57 57 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 14 04 06 08 10 12 14 The Employment Situation Employment-Population Ratio by Education September 2015 The employment picture is mixed across different levels of education 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 No High School Diploma High School Diploma Some College Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 15 College Degree Employment: Structural Full Time vs. Part Time Employment A large proportion of the jobs created over the past four years have been part-time, which has weighed on wage & salary growth 129 Total Employment: Sep @ 146.5M (Left Axis) Full-Time: Sep @ 120.9M (Right Axis) 146 126 Total: 2.1M Above Prerecession Peak 143 123 Full-Time: 0.1M Above Prerecession Peak 140 120 137 117 134 114 131 111 128 108 07 08 09 10 11 12 Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 16 13 14 15 Thousands Thousands Millions, Seasonally Adjusted 149 Personal Income Income Growth During Economic Recoveries Percent Change 5 Years After Recession End, Before-Tax Income Income growth has finally begun to turn around but still lags prior recoveries 25% 25% 20% 20% 15% 15% 10% 10% 5% 5% 0% 0% Avg of Prior 2 Recoveries 2009-2014 -5% -5% Lowest Quintile Second Quintile Middle Quintile Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 17 Fourth Quintile Highest Quintile Inflation PCE Deflator vs. "Core" PCE Deflator Year-over-Year Percent Change 5% Inflation remains in check 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% -1% -1% PCE Deflator: Aug @ 0.3% "Core" PCE Deflator: Aug @ 1.3% -2% -2% 00 02 04 06 08 10 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 18 12 14 Yield Curve: Rates Rise Without Fed Yield Curve U.S. Treasuries, Active Issues The yield curve is expected to flatten further as the Fed begins to raise short-term interest rates in December of this year 4.0% 4.0% 3.5% 3.5% 3.0% 3.0% 2.5% 2.5% 2.0% 2.0% 1.5% 1.5% 1.0% 1.0% October 1, 2015 0.5% September 3, 2015 0.5% October 2, 2014 0.0% 0.0% Source: Bloomberg LP and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 19 Fiscal Policy Outlook Key Issues Oct. 29th - Funding for Highway Trust Fund expires How will the gap be filled? November 5th - Re-establishment of debt ceiling How will Congress increase the borrowing limit? What to watch for in the 114th Congress December 11th - FY 2016 budget debate Current funding runs out Corporate tax reform Both sides agree action is needed, but what will be done? International trade agreements (TPP, TTIP) Don’t expect immediate action, but progress is being made Wells Fargo Economics 20 Global Industrial Production Global Economic Indicators Year-over-Year Percent Change It would take a sharp downturn in the rest of the world to have a meaningful effect on U.S. economic growth 15% 15% 10% 10% 5% 5% 0% 0% -5% -5% -10% -10% Global Industrial Production: Q2 @ 2.0% U.S. GDP: Q2 @ 2.7% -15% -15% 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 Source: IHS Global Insight and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 21 06 08 10 12 14 The Idaho Economy Idaho – Current Economic Conditions Idaho Coincident Index 3-Month Percent Change Economic activity in Idaho is downshifting 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% -1% -1% -2% -2% -3% -3% Coincident Index: Aug @ 0.5% -4% -4% 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 23 08 10 12 14 Idaho– Employment Growth & Unemployment Rate Employment is growing modestly, while the unemployment rate is below the national rate Unemployment Rate Employment Idaho Employment Growth By Industry Idaho Unemployment Rate Year-over-Year Percent Change, 3-MMA Seasonally Adjusted 10% Total Nonfarm 10% Trade, Trans. & Utilities Government Educ. & Health Services Manufacturing 8% 6% 6% 4% 4% More Prof. & Bus. Svcs. Leisure and Hospitality 8% Number of Employees Financial Activities Less Construction 2% 2% Other Services August 2015 Information -10% Unemployment Rate: Aug @ 4.2% 12-Month Moving Average: Aug @ 4.2% 0% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 0% 90 24 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 Idaho: Employment Idaho Nonfarm Employment 3-Month Moving Averages 10% Overall employment growth has been strong over the past year 10% 8% 8% 6% 6% 4% 4% 2% 2% 0% 0% -2% -2% -4% -4% -6% -6% 3-Month Annual Rate: Aug @ -0.9% Nonfarm: Yr/Yr Pct. Change: Aug @ 3.1% Household: Yr/Yr Pct. Change: Aug @ 3.3% -8% -8% -10% -10% 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 25 06 08 10 12 14 Idaho: Personal Income Idaho Personal Income Bars = Compound Annual Rate Personal income growth has steadily rebounded since the recession ended Line = Yr/Yr % Change 24% 24% 20% 20% 16% 16% 12% 12% 8% 8% 4% 4% 0% 0% -4% -4% -8% Idaho Personal Income: Q2 @ 4.5% -8% Idaho Personal Income: Q2 @ 3.1% -12% -12% 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 26 Idaho– Home Prices and Construction Home prices are growing modestly in the state as building activity has begun to pick up Home Prices Housing Permits Idaho Housing Permits Core Logic HPI: ID vs. U.S. 30% 24% 24% 18% 18% 12% 12% 6% 6% 0% 0% -6% -6% -12% Thousands 30% United States: Jul @ 6.9% Idaho: Jul @ 4.8% 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 15 10 10 5 0 0 90 14 Source: CoreLogic, Inc., U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 15 5 -24% 92 20 Single-Family Average (1998-2003): 10,107 -18% -24% 90 25 Single-Family: Aug @ 9,276 Single-Family, 12-MMA: Aug @ 7,073 Multifamily, 12-MMA: Aug @ 2,344 20 -12% -18% 25 27 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 Thousands Thousands of Permits, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Year-over-Year Percent Change Idaho – Economic Outlook The leading index signals somewhat stronger economic growth ahead Leading Index Outlook Economic growth will likely remain modest Idaho Leading Index Three Month Percent Change 6.0% 6.0% 5.0% 5.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% -1.0% -1.0% -2.0% -2.0% -3.0% -3.0% -4.0% -4.0% -5.0% Idaho: Aug @ 1.4% -6.0% given the state’s exposure to commodities and manufacturing. The state’s manufacturing sector may face some challenges associated with slower global growth and reduced business investment. Idaho’s unemployment rate remains well below the national average. -5.0% -6.0% 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 28 Manufacturing employment growth in the state will be challenging over the next several years due to changing tastes and preferences. Job growth will be driven by the service sector. Headwinds to Economic Growth Slower Global Growth Environment Effects of Monetary Policy Changes? Slower Pace of Business Investment Potential Headwinds to Economic Growth Modest Income Growth Fiscal Policy Uncertainty Wells Fargo Economics 29 Outlook Summary Wells Fargo U.S. Economic Forecast q 3 2 01 5 Actual 2 01 5 Forecast 2015 2016 Actual 2013 2014 2017 2015 Forecast 2016 2017 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 0.6 3.9 1.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.4 1.8 3.6 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.7 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.6 4.1 4.9 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 3.0 6.2 3.6 5.2 5.3 Equipment 2.3 0.3 3.1 4.7 4.1 4.8 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 3.2 5.8 2.7 4.2 5.2 Intellectual Property Products 7.4 8.3 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.0 5.8 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 3.8 5.2 7.1 6.5 5.1 Structures -7.4 6.2 6.1 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8 1.6 8.1 0.8 5.5 5.6 Residential Construction 10.1 9.4 10.0 9.5 12.0 14.0 14.0 12.5 9.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 9.5 1.8 9.1 11.8 10.3 Government Purchases -0.1 2.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 -2.9 -0.6 0.8 1.9 1.6 -1.9 0.2 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.9 0.0 -1.3 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 195 231 167 210 200 197 195 190 185 180 180 175 199 260 201 195 180 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 7.4 6.2 5.3 4.8 4.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.8 2.0 Real Gross Domestic Product Personal Consumption 1 Business Fixed Investment 2 Net Exports 2 Inventories Nonfarm Payroll Change 3 Unemployment Rate PCE Deflator 4 5 Quarter-End Interest Rates Federal Funds Target Rate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 0.25 0.25 0.31 1.13 2.13 Conventional Mortgage Rate 3.77 3.98 3.91 4.15 4.23 4.28 4.37 4.63 4.75 4.76 4.84 4.93 3.98 4.17 3.95 4.38 4.82 3 Month Bill 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.56 0.84 1.17 1.34 1.63 1.81 2.12 2.38 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.98 1.99 6 Month Bill 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.30 0.61 0.89 1.23 1.43 1.66 1.94 2.19 2.41 0.09 0.06 0.16 1.04 2.05 1 Year Bill 0.26 0.28 0.33 0.68 0.96 1.23 1.59 1.80 2.09 2.29 2.38 2.57 0.13 0.12 0.39 1.40 2.33 2 Year Note 0.56 0.64 0.64 0.85 1.07 1.26 1.71 1.92 2.27 2.39 2.50 2.62 0.31 0.46 0.67 1.49 2.44 5 Year Note 1.37 1.63 1.37 1.73 1.87 1.99 2.20 2.34 2.52 2.60 2.69 2.78 1.17 1.64 1.53 2.10 2.65 10 Year Note 1.94 2.35 2.06 2.40 2.49 2.53 2.63 2.77 2.83 2.88 2.95 3.03 2.35 2.54 2.19 2.61 2.92 30 Year Bond 2.54 3.11 2.87 3.16 3.23 3.26 3.33 3.58 3.66 3.73 3.81 3.89 3.45 3.34 2.92 3.35 3.77 Forecast as of: September 25, 2015 1 C ompound Annual Growth Rate Quarter-over-Quarter 2 Percentage Point C ontribution to GDP 4 Year-over-Year Percentage C hange 5 Annual Numbers Represent Averages 3 Average Monthly C hange Source: IHS Global Insight and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Wells Fargo Economics 30 Appendix Wells Fargo Economics Group Publications A Sampling of Our Recent Special, Regional & Industry Commentary Recent Special Commentary Authors Title Date U.S. Macro To view any of our past research please visit: http://www.wellsfargo.com/ economics To join any of our research distribution lists please visit: https://wellsfargo.mworld.com/ econ/alerts.asp September-23 Capitol Hill Update: Down-to-the-Wire Votes Expected September-23 Job Openings vs. Turnover: Mixed Messages from JOLTS Silvia & Brown September-23 U.S. Manufacturing & USD: Setting the Record Straight September-14 Equipment Spending: It's Not About Rates Anyway Quinlan, House & Nelson September-10 Will Higher Rates Impact Consumption? Alemán & Brown U.S. Regional September-17 California Employment Conditions: August 2015 Vitner & Batcheller September-18 Lower Oil Prices Are Clearly Weighing On Texas Job Growth Vitner & Batcheller September-18 Florida’s Economy Continues to See Solid Job Gains Vitner & Batcheller September-17 New Jersey Adds 13,600 Jobs in August Vitner & Batcheller September-17 Minnesota Added 7,300 Jobs in August Vitner & Batcheller Global Econom y September-21 Argentine Government Spending Boosts Growth in Q2 2015 September-10 Global Chartbook: September 2015 September-10 Turkish GDP Growth Surprises to the Upside in Q2 2015 September-03 Weaker GDP in Australia and the Ties that Bind September-02 U.K. Economy: A Mid-Year Review Quinlan, House & Nelson Alemán Bryson, House & Nelson Bryson Quinlan Bryson & Nelson Interest Rates/Credit Market September-21 FOMC Decides: Markets Assess What's Next Silvia, Vitner & Brown September-16 Household Credit Healthy for Now Silvia, Vitner & Brown September-09 We Do Not Expect a Repeat of the Taper Tantrum Silvia, Vitner & Brown September-02 Financing Growth as Inflation and Interest Rates Align Silvia, Vitner & Brown August-26 Interest Rates and Rising U.S. Federal Debt Silvia, Vitner & Brown Real Estate September-30 Nonresidential Construction Recap: September Khan September-01 Housing Data Wrap-Up: August 2015 Vitner & Khan August-31 Nonresidential Construction Recap: August Khan August-07 Commerial Real Estate Chartbook: Q2 Khan Housing Chartbook: July 2015 Vitner, Khan & Batcheller July-31 Wells Fargo Economics House & Moehring 32 Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Economics Group Global Head of Research and Economics Economists Diane Schumaker-Krieg ………………… ….diane.schumaker@wellsfargo.com Global Head of Research & Economics Azhar Iqbal, Econometrician………………… ……………azhar.iqbal@wellsfargo.com …… Tim Quinlan, Economist …………………… ……………. .tim.quinlan@wellsfargo.com Chief Economist John E. Silvia … Eric J. Viloria, Currency Strategist ...................... … Sarah House, Economist john.silvia@wellsfargo.com . …………… ………… Michael A. Brown, Economist ……………… … eric.viloria@wellsfargo.com sarah.house@wellsfargo.com michael.a.brown@wellsfargo.com Senior Economists Economic Analysts Mark Vitner, Senior Economist……………....………. . mark.vitner@wellsfargo.com Erik Nelson, Economic Analyst Jay H. Bryson, Global Economist …………………....…… ….jay.bryson@wellsfargo.com Sam Bullard, Senior Economist sam.bullard@wellsfargo.com Nick Bennenbroek, Currency Strategist ……nicholas.bennenbroek@wellsfargo.com Alex Moehring, Economic Analyst alex.v.moehring@wellsfargo.com Misa Batcheller, Economic Analyst misa.n.batcheller@wellsfargo.com Michael Pugliese, Economic Analyst michael.d.pugliese@wellsfargo.com Administrative Assistants Eugenio J. Alemán, Senior Economist… …………eugenio.j.aleman@wellsfargo.com Anika R. Khan, Senior Economist … erik.f.nelson@wellsfargo.com Donna LaFleur, Executive Assistant. . anika.khan@wellsfargo.com Cyndi Burris, Senior Administrative Assistant donna.lafleur@wellsfargo.com cyndi.burris@wellsfargo.com Wells Fargo Securities Economics Group publications are produced by Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, a U.S broker-dealer registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, and the Securities Investor Protection Corp. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, distributes these publications directly and through subsidiaries including, but not limited to, Wells Fargo & Company, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC, Wells Fargo Securities International Limited, Wells Fargo Securities Asia Limited and Wells Fargo Securities (Japan) Co. Limited. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC. 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Wells Fargo Securities, LLC does not guarantee their accuracy or completeness, nor does Wells Fargo Securities, LLC assume any liability for any loss that may result from the reliance by any person upon any such information or opinions. Such information and opinions are subject to change without notice, are for general information only and are not intended as an offer or solicitation with respect to the purchase or sales of any security or as personalized investment advice. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is a separate legal entity and distinct from affiliated banks and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wells Fargo & Company © 2015 Wells Fargo Securities, LLC. SECURITIES: NOT FDIC-INSURED/NOT BANK-GUARANTEED/MAY LOSE VALUE Important Information for Non-U.S. Recipients For recipients in the EEA, this report is distributed by Wells Fargo Securities International Limited ("WFSIL"). WFSIL is a U.K. incorporated investment firm authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. The content of this report has been approved by WFSIL a regulated person under the Act. For purposes of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority’s rules, this report constitutes impartial investment research. WFSIL does not deal with retail clients as defined in the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive 2007. The FCA rules made under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 for the protection of retail clients will therefore not apply, nor will the Financial Services Compensation Scheme be available. This report is not intended for, and should not be relied upon by, retail clients. This document and any other materials accompanying this document (collectively, the "Materials") are provided for general informational purposes only. Wells Fargo Economics 33