Apples to Oranges
Comparative Techniques Utilized by
Authors and Poets
Today…
1. Sit with a partner
2. Determine who is the youngest and who is
the oldest
Simile
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A figure of speech, a kind of trope
Comparing two distinct things using like or as
Singular: simile
Plural: similes
Example: “you fit into me” page 900
Youngest partner: The effect of this simile is…
Metaphor
• A figure of speech, a kind of trope
• Comparing two distinct things without using
like or as
• Extended metaphor…one metaphor that
controls a large part or entire piece of the text
• Example: “chess” page 903
• Oldest partner: Castellanos creates this
metaphor to…
Personification
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A figure of speech, a kind of trope
Noun
Verb: personify (personifies)
Giving human characteristics to nonhuman
things
• Example: page 906 The Marriage of Heaven
and Hell
Remember…not just what, but WHY?
• With your partner:
– Read “How Poetry Comes to Me” page 908
– Answer question 1 in your journals
• Independently:
– Read the “sample student response” on page 908
– Notice how the author explains the what and why
of literary devices
Apostrophe
• A figure of speech
• An address either to an audience who is
unresponsive:
– Someone who is absent and cannot hear
– Something that cannot comprehend
• Provides an opportunity to think aloud
• Example: “To a Wasp” page 906
• Youngest partner: Moore utilizes an
apostrophe to create the effect of…
Practice (Independent)
• “Mirror” page 912
• Read and analyze
• Answer questions #1-4 in your journal
Metonymy
• A figure of speech, a kind of trope
• Using something closely associated with a
subject to take its place
• “She preferred the silver screen to reading.”
• “I pledge allegiance to the flag”
Synecdoche
• A figure of speech, a kind of trope
• Using part of something to signify the whole
(less typically the whole representing a part)
• “wagging tongue” = gossip
• “behind bars” = prison
• “wheels” = car
Metonymy and Synecdoche
• Example: “The Hand that Signed the Paper”
page 905
• “hand” = powerful ruler (synecdoche)
• “goose’s quill” = power associated with ruler’s
hand (metonymy)
• Oldest partner: Thomas employs both
metonymy and synecdoche to…
Analogy
• Seen on AP tests, though more common for AP
Lang because it’s more commonly related to nonfiction texts
• Similarity in some respects between things that
are otherwise dissimilar.
– A comparison based on such similarity.
• A form of logical inference or an instance of it,
based on the assumption that if two things are
known to be alike in some respects, then they
must be alike in other respects.
Heads up…
• Boundaries among devices are blurred
• Categories blend together (personification is a
kind of metaphor)
• Always about the effect! (analysis not
identification)
• Pay careful attention to devices as you read
and annotate poetry
XC Option
• Read “Figuring out Metaphors” on page 921
• Complete #1
• Due by Spring Break
Practice and Apply
Analysis
Study Prep
• “After great pain, a formal feeling
comes” page 1091
• List the similes
• List places where she employs
personification
• List metaphors
• Write a paragraph in which you
analyze the speaker’s attitude
towards pain, and how Dickinson
utilizes literary devices to convey
such an attitude
1.
– Your paragraph should have textual
evidence!
Create flashcards for each of
these terms
a.
b.
c.
Some are done; you can add
to them or just check them
off your list
Some of them are on your list
but not flashcards yet; make
flashcards and check them off
your list
Some of them are new; add
them to your list, make
flashcards, and check them
off your list