E-government models
Lecture 8
E-government model
 Model
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A scheme of organization
Facets
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Descriptive (Positive, IS)
Predictive (Will be)
Normative (Should be)
 Varieties
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Information based model
Business based model
Service based model
Participation based model
E-government model
 Technology based
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Models chase new and emerging technologies
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Web based e-government models
Wireless networks based (e.g. M-government)
 Interoperability based
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Technological interoperability
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Ability of different devices to communicate with each other
Standardization
Organizational interoperability
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Ability of different organizations to process and act on
information
Normalization of operating procedures
 Component based
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A self-contained business process or service with
predetermined functionality that may be exposed through a
business or technology interface
Cross Agency collaboration [Pay.gov]
Need for Model
 Improved government responsiveness
 Simplified delivery of enhanced
government services
 More efficient government
 Information sharing
 Transparency, security, and resilience
Federal Enterprise Architecture
 A business-based framework for government-wide
improvement
 Budget Allocation; Information Sharing; Performance
Measurement; Budget / Performance Integration; CrossAgency Collaboration; E-Government; Component-Based
Architectures
 The FEA is constructed through a collection of interrelated
“reference models” designed to facilitate cross-agency
analysis and the identification of duplicative investments,
gaps, and opportunities for collaboration within and across
Federal Agencies.
Federal Enterprise Architecture
 Performance Reference Model
 Standardized framework to measure the
performance of major IT investments and
their contribution to program performance
 Help produce enhanced performance
information to improve strategic and
daily decision-making;
 Improve the alignment — and better
articulate the contribution of — inputs to
outputs and outcomes, thereby creating
a clear “line of sight” to desired results;
and
 Identify performance improvement
opportunities that span traditional
organizational structures and boundaries
Federal Enterprise Architecture
 Business Reference Model
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Function-driven framework for
describing the business operations
of the Federal Government,
independent of the agencies that
perform them
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Provides an organized, hierarchical
construct for describing the day-to-day
business operations
Lines of Business and Sub-functions
represents a departure from previous
models
Four areas: Services For Citizens;
Mode of Delivery; Support Delivery of
Services; Management of Government
Resources
Federal Enterprise Architecture
 Service Reference Model
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Business-driven, functional framework
classifying Service Components
according to how they support business
and performance objectives.
Serves to identify and classify horizontal
and vertical Service Components
supporting federal agencies and their IT
investments and assets.
Service domains: Customer Services;
Process Automation Services; Business
Management Services; Digital Asset
Services; Business Analytical Services;
Back Office Services; Support Services
Federal Enterprise Architecture
 Technical Reference Model
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Component-driven, technical framework
categorizing the standards and
technologies to support and enable the
delivery of Service Components and
capabilities.
Enables reuse and standardization of
technology and Service Components
from a government-wide perspective.
Economies of scale
Four service areas: Service Access and
Delivery; Service Platform and
Infrastructure; Component Framework;
Service Interface and Integration
Federal Enterprise Architecture
 Data Reference Model
 The DRM provides a standard means
by which data may be described,
categorized, and shared
 DRM identifies duplicative data
resources. A common data model will
streamline information exchange
processes within the Federal
government and between government
and external stakeholders.
 Three standardization areas: Data
Description; Data Context; Data
Sharing
Examples
 CORE.GOV
 PAY.GOV
 http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/assets/fe
a_docs/FEA_XML_Doc_Rev_2_3.xml