Bellwork Write Questions
• 1.What do you think makes a good
speech? List three qualities.
• 2. What do you think are your
strong and weak points as a
presenter? (2 each=total 4)
Public Speaking
101
Importance of Public Speaking
• 1.) Promotes critical thinking
– Make an informed judgment based on evidence
• 2.) Advances career goals
• 3.) Enables civic discourse
– Conversation intended to enhance
understanding
• 4.) Provides a sense of empowerment
– Feeling of the ability to attain goals
History of Public Speaking
• Aristotle: Father of rhetoric
–Purpose: to attain a goal using persuasive
tactics
• According to Aristotle
–Evidence in persuasive messages is most
effective in the source’s
• Ethos: Ethics (Credibility)
• Pathos: Emotions
• Logos: Logic
Public Speaking
•Public speaking is the art,
process, or act of
effectively addressing the
public to inform, persuade
or entertain
Types of Speeches
• 1.) Informative Speech-speech to educate
an audience about a topic
• 2.) Persuasive Speech-speech that
attempts to sway the attitudes, beliefs or
values of an audience
• 3.) Entertaining speech-speech making
fun of people, institutions or events to
solicit humorous feedback
Sample Outline
• I. Introduction
–Thesis
–Should be memorable
• II. Body
–support arguments
• III. Conclusion
–review
Types of Communication
• Verbal Communication
– The practice of all varieties of speech and
writing
• Non-verbal communication
– Facial expressions, body movements, gestures
and appearance that take place during the
transmission and reception of messages
• Most communication, or as much as 65% of
communication is non-verbal
Summary/Reflection
• Write a 2-3 sentence summary
(facts) and reflection
(thoughts/feelings/learned) of
the notes.
Bellwork: Write Questions
• 1.) What is the primary
purpose of an informative
speech?
• 2.) Define ethos, pathos, logos?
• 3.) What are the two types of
communication?
A Good Speech
• clear, well reasoned, articulate,
thoughtful, compelling, witty,
touching, convincing,
believable…
Fear of Public Speaking
• Communication
Apprehension-the fear of
speaking to others
–Communication anxiety is
universal (common)
Fear of Public Speaking
Manifested
• Physical Symptom: dry throat,
nausea, sweating, changing colors,
shaking hands and/or legs, cold hand
• Psychological Symptoms: avoid eye
contact with audience, forgetting the
speech, gazing at the floor, ceiling
Strategies to Reduce Fear
• Know your audience
• Prepare
– research, outline
• Know your speech
– practice
• Have Presence
– Body language, positive attitude
• Don’t Apologize for your apprehension
• Concentrate on the message (not your fear)
Things You Shouldn’t Do
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Read directly from notes
Read directly from screen
Turn back on audience
Slouch, hands in pockets
No um, ah, you know’s
No nervous gestures
Talk too fast,
Talk too quietly
Things You Should Do
• Eye contact
• Can glance at notes
• Appropriate gestures
• Rhetorical questions to
involve audience
Public Speaking and Conversation
• Conversation: oral communication with family,
friends, co-workers
• Similarities between public speaking and
conversation
–Are planned
• Conversation: carefully choose your
words
• Public speaking: more planning than
conversation (topic, research, delivery)
Differences
• Most conversations are spur-of-themoment
• Conversations use informal language
(slang); public speaking is more formal
and structured
• Proximity: physical closeness may be
absent during public speaking
• Back and forth exchange of messages in
conversation is missing in public speaking
Multi-Cultural Environment
• Ethnocentrism: belief in the superiority of
one’s group or culture over all other
groups or cultures
–Problems of Ethnocentrism
• Failure to take into account difference
between self and audience
• Failure to take steps to become more
sensitive to cultural, ethnic and racial
differences of your listener
Tips to Avoid Ethnocentrism
• Use support material appropriate
to a variety of listeners
–Ex: Visual Aide
•Help overcome cultural and
language barriers
• Pay attention to audience
feedback