SEMESTER 1 EXAM- STUDY
GUIDE
By: Vicky Zang, Julia Malachowski, Ashley Liu,
and Muskaan Uppal
What are the levels of
classification from kingdom to
species?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Family
Order
Genus
Species
What is binomial nomenclature?
Two- part scientific name (Genus species)
What does MRS. GREN stand for?
Movement, respiration, sensitivity,
growth, reproduction, excretion,
nutrition
What are the five kingdoms?
Animal
Plant
Fungi
Protist
Moneran
What are characteristics of
organisms within each of the 5
kingdoms? (multicellular or
unicellular)
Animal- multicellular
Plant- multicellular
Fungi- multicellular
Protist- unicellular
Moneran- unicellular
What is a dichotomous key?
A key that scientists use to determine the
classification of an organism
Name five things that scientists
use for classification
Behavior and physical appearance
Method of reproduction, locomotion, diet and
habitat
Cell and DNA analysis
What are the characteristics of
insects?
Wings
Exoskeleton
6 Legs
3 Body Parts
Simple/Compound Eyes
Metamorphosis
Antennae
Jointed Legs
What is the most diverse and
populous insect order?
Beetles
How do insects make sounds?
Tymbals
Spiracles
Stridulation
Snap Mandibles
Tap Body Parts On Surface
Name the three different
mouthparts that insects can have
Sponging
Piercing/ Sucking
Siphoning
Name the three different types of
metamorphosis
Molting- shedding skin
Incomplete- egg, nymph, adult
Complete- egg, larva, pupa, adult
Who was Robert Hooke?
He observed cork cells; coined the term “cell”
Who was Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek?
He observed bacteria and protists.
Who was Zacharias Janssen?
He looked at the first compound microscope.
How do you get total
magnification?
Eyepiece x Objective lens
How do you properly hold a
microscope?
Put one hand on the body tube (arm) and one hand
on the base.
What is the stage?
This is where the specimen rests
What is the eyepiece?
The lens that you look through
What are the objective lenses?
They are attached to the revolving nose piece combined
with the power of the ocular lens to create the magnified
image
Name the levels of organization
from cell- organism
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organ System
Organisms
What are the two types of cells
(body/ sex cells)?
Somatic and gametes
What is the difference between
eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus but prokaryotic
cells do not
List differences between plant
and animal cells
Cell wall- plant
Chloroplasts- plant
Vacuole size- plants have one big one, animal have
smaller ones
What is cytoplasm?
A jelly-like substance that contains organelles
What is the function of the
nucleus?
It is the control center for all activities
What is the nucleolus?
It contains genetic material, it also makes
ribosomes, and is a dark colored organelle in the
nucleus
What is the nuclear membrane?
A membrane that controls movement of materials in and
out of nucleus
What are chromosomes?
It is DNA inside the nucleus
What is endoplasmic
reticulum?
An internal delivery system that aids in making
proteins connects cell membrane to nuclear membrane
What are ribosomes?
Tiny spherical bodies that help make proteins.
They are found in the cytoplasm or attached to
the endoplasmic reticulum.
What are mitochondria?
The site of cellular respiration. It breaks down sugar
molecules to release energy.
What are vacuoles?
Act as a storage area for food, minerals, and waste.
In plants they are very large but in animals they are
smaller.
What is the cell membrane?
It separates the cell from other cells. Allows molecules
to pass through.
What is the function of the cell
wall?
Supports and protects the cell
What is chloroplasts?
An organelle in a plant that uses energy from
the sun to make food for the plant
(photosynthesis)
What are lysosomes?
Organelles that break down larger food
molecules into smaller molecules.
What are centrioles?
Organelles that play a role in cell division.
What are golgi bodies?
Organelles that package and distribute materials
throughout the cell.
What is Diffusion?
It is the movement of molecules from high
concentration to low concentration
What is Osmosis?
Diffusion of water molecules
What is active transport?
The movement of materials through a cell membrane
using cellular energy
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which a cell captures energy in
sunlight and uses it to make food
What is respiration?
The process by which cells obtain energy from
glucose
What is the order of the scientific
method and what takes place in
each step?
1. Research/ Background information
2. State your purpose/ problem question
3. State your hypothesis/ make a logical prediction
based on prior knowledge
4. Develop your procedure
5. Collect and record data (numerical and observable)
6. Analyze your results
7. Draw conclusion
What is the independent and
dependent variable?
Independent variable- the factor you control
Dependent variable- what you are testing/ measuring/
observing
What are the experimental and
control group?
Experimental group- the testing group
Control group- the group used for comparison
What are controls?
Controls- what is kept constant throughout the
experiment
GOOD LUCK!