ORGAN SYSTEMS & DIGESTION - Review Questions
1. Which organ system involves the: pancreas, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland?
2. Which organ system involves the: kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra?
3. What are the 4 components of digestion?
4. Describe digestion in an Amoeba.
5. What are 2 advantages to having an alimentary canal vs. having a gastrovascular cavity?
6. How is physical digestion accomplished in an earthworm or a bird?
7. In humans, physical digestion occurs in 2 different places along the alimentary canal.
Describe the 2 instances of physical digestion.
8. What causes the food to move along the alimentary canal?
9. What are the 3 major nutrients.macromolecules that we consume in our food?
10. What type of teeth are well adapted to grinding or crushing?
11. Name all of the organs that food passes through (in order) in the human digestive system,
starting with the mouth.
12. Name 3 accessory organs to the digestive system.
13. Name the 2 muscles that allow food into and out of the stomach.
14. What are the 3 components of gastric juices in the stomach and what do they do?
15. What is an ulcer?
16. What device can be inserted into the digestive tract, enabling a doctor to look inside it
without performing surgery?
17. The presence of acid in the duodenum (small intestine) causes a chemical signal to be
sent to the pancreas. What does the pancreas release that neutralizes the acid?
18. Name 3 substances that are secreted by the cells of the small intestine.
19. What are the average dimensions (length and diameter) of an adult small intestine? What
length of it is the duodenum?
20. The 3 sections of the small intestine are: the duodenum, the _______ and the _______.
What part of digestion occurs in the last 2 sections?
21. Where is bile produced and where is it stored? What happens when bile crystalizes in the
body?
ORGAN SYSTEMS & DIGESTION - Answers
1. endocrine (hormonal) system
2. excretory (urinary) system
3. ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion
4. ingestion: Amoeba engulfs food with pseudopods
digestion: food vacuole fuses with lysosome, and enzymes digest
absorption: nutrients are abosorbed into the cell
egestion: wastes are eliminated in vacuoles
5. -cells in the alimentary call can be organized into highly specialized organs for digestion
-more efficient at digesting foods & absorbing nutrients
6. sand/rocks in the gizzard help to break down large food particles
7. -mouth: teeth chew food
-small intestine: bile emulsifies fat
8. rhythmic contractions of muscles (peristalsis)
9. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats)
10. molars (and premolars)
11. mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
12. liver, pancreas, gall bladder, salivary glands...
13. cardiac sphincter and pyloric sphincter
14. mucus: protects the lining of the stomach from acid & enzymes
hydrocholoric acid: kills pathogens, activates pepsinogen
pepsinogen: when activated, digests proteins
15. condition where there is an area of the stomach where mucus is not protecting it...cells are
damaged due to the acid and enzymes
16. endoscope
17. bicarbonate ions
18. -prosecretin (is converted into secretin and signals the pancreas)
-enterokinase (converts trypsinogen to trypsin)
-erepsins (protein-digesting enzymes)
-disaccaharidases such as maltase (break down disaccharides into monosaccharides)
-pancreatic lipases (break down fats)
19. about 7 metres long and 2.5 cm in diameter
duodenum is about 25-30 cm long
20. jejenum and ileum are for absorption of nutrients
21. bile is produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder; if it crystallizes, it causes gall
stones