Homeostasis, Levels of Organization of Living Things, Skeletal Sys. Quiz-ANSWER KEY
Thursday March 28, 2013
*this is a general overview of topics we have learned and what will be covered on the quiz
Format is: Fill in the blank, labeling, short answer
What to study: homeostasis and levels of organization notes, stations, skeleton system notes, pages 9, 10
worksheet, textbook, human body system vocabulary, Notes from muscles, textbook, Do Muscles work in Pairs
Lab, variables
Homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
-Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in a cell or a living organism. It is
how our body reacts to changes in our external environment to try to keep our body working the same.
What are examples of homeostasis in the human body?
1. our body working to maintain a 98.6°F temperature
2. sweating when our body temperature rises
3. shivering and getting goosebumps when we are cold,
4. our pupils dilating when there is not enough light
5. Breathing faster when our heart rate increases to get more oxygen and release more carbon
dioxide
6. Our body forming a scab when we get a cut
How do human bodies react to changes in the external environment?
-Our body will respond to changes in the environment and work to make our body return to the normal
conditions
Does the human body have a stable internal environment?
-Yes, it is stable because any time there is a change in our body, it will work to make sure that the
change returns to normal: after exercise your breathing rate will return to normal, when your body
warms up you will stop shivering.
Levels of Organization (cellstissuesorgansorgan systemsliving organism)
What are examples of types of cells in our body?
-examples of cells in our body are: nerve cells, muscle cells, skin cells, brain cells, fat cells
What are the 4 kinds of body tissue?
1. Epithelial tissue-cover and protect all the tissues underneath the skin
2. Nervous tissue-sends electrical signals through the body from the brain “telling” the body parts
what to do (raise hand, blink, digest food etc)
3. Muscle tissue-contracts and relaxes muscles which PULL on bones to produce movement of body
4. Connective tissue-joins, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes and cushions organs
What are examples of organs and organ systems?
Brain-nervous system
Stomach-digestive system
Heart-circulatory system
Skeletal System
Explain each job of the skeleton system?
1. Protects organs (ribs protect heart and lungs, skull
protects brain, vertebrae protect spinal cord)
2. Bones store minerals such as calcium, potassium and
iron
3. Allow movement of body, and supports shape of
body (muscles pull on bones to move)
4. Blood cell formation-produces red and white blood
cells
5. Supports and Shapes body-gives our body shape that
we would not have otherwise
What cushions the ends of bones? Why is this necessary?
-Cartilage cushions the ends of bones to prevent bones
from rubbing one another. It is located at the end of
bones and between joints
How are ligaments and tendons different?
Type
Ligament
Description
Strong elastic band of connective
tissue
Strong elastic band of connective
tissue
Tendon
Location
Connect bone to bone in a joint
Connect muscles to bones
What is bone marrow? Compare red and yellow marrow.
-Red Marrow-soft tissue in bones that produces red and white blood cells
-Yellow Bone marrow-soft tissue found within the open center cavity of a bones that stores fat
What is a joint?
-Joint is where 2 or more bones connect
What are the different kinds of joints? Name examples.
Type of Joint
Function
Fixed
Allows little to no movement
Gliding
Glides, allows flexibility
Ball and Socket
360° turns, full movement
Hinge
Allows up and down, side to side,
open/close movement
Pivot
Rotates in circular motion
Axial
bones that form the middle line of the body: skull,
ribs, vertebrae,
Example
Skull
Wrist, ankle, spine
Shoulder, hip
Knee, elbow
Neck, lower arm
Appendicular Section
bones of the limbs that attach to the midline: clavicle,
humerus, radius, ulna, femur, patella, tibia, fibula
Muscle System
What are flexor and extensor muscles?
Flexor-skeletal muscle that contract to BEND a joint (biceps)
Extensor-skeletal muscle that contracts to straighten a limb or body part (triceps)
Identify the muscles in your arm that allow it to bend and straighten.
Biceps-bend
Triceps-straighten
How do skeletal muscles work? Why do you move when skeletal muscles contract?
-Skeletal Muscles PULL on bones to make them move. The skeletal muscles work in pairs so
that when one contracts (pulls) the other relaxes. They have to work in pairs because muscles
can only pull, then can’t push. So when one muscle pulls a bone in one direction, the opposite
muscle in the pair has to pull the bone back in the other direction.
What is the difference between contracting and relaxing?
When a muscle is contracting it is in the process of pulling on a bone, or squeezing. Skeletal
muscles contract to pull on our bones and create movement. Cardiac muscle contracts to
pump blood out to the body, and smooth muscle contracts to move food through the digestive
tract. When a muscle relaxes, it is not doing work. When a skeletal muscle relaxes, it is not
pulling on a bone. When cardiac muscle relaxes the heart allows blood back into the heart,
and smooth muscles relaxes causing the food to stay in one place.
Identify the 3 kinds of muscle and their location in the human body.
Kind
Job
Skeletal
Moves bones-Voluntary
Cardiac
Pumps blood-Involuntary
Smooth
Contracts to move blood, and
move food during digestionInvoluntary
Location
Attached to bones
Heart
Blood vessels and digestive
organs
Type of Tissue
Ligament
Function
Connect bone to bone in a joint
Tendon
Cartilage
Location
Strong elastic band of connective tissue
between bones
Strong elastic band of connective tissue
between a muscle and a bone.
Located at the ends of bones and between
joints.
Connect muscles to bones
Cushions the ends of bones to
prevent bones from rubbing
one another
Facial Muscles
Deltoids
Triceps (back of arm)
Pectoralis
Biceps
Rectus
Abdominus
Hamstrings
(back of leg)
Tendons
Quadriceps