F451 Definition Jeopardy
1st Feb 2012
Programs that allow the user to perform a task
SOFTWARE
Data is transmitted. Received data is retransmitted back to sender. When received at source
returned signal is compared to original. If there are any differences the data is retransmitted
ECHOING
Stores data that has been collected for future use
STORAGE DEVICE
Advanced piece of software used to provide an answer to a specific problem. Often used in medical
diagnosis and fault repairs on hardware.
EXPERT SYSTEM
Programs that allow user to do something useful/perform a useful task
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Controls the hardware of the computer. Gives a platform to run other software.
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
Input device that detects physical quantities
SENSOR
Blocks of bytes are added before transmission to give a sum. The sum is transmitted with the block.
The same calculation is done on the data blocks at the destination and result is compared with the
transmitted value. If different, there is a transmission error
CHECK SUM
Peripheral that allows storage of data over a long period of time
SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICE
Often run during night time/weekends. No need for human to be present. No need for instant
response to inputs. Processes large amounts of data in one go
BATCH PROCESSING
Network covering a single building or site.
LAN
Anything that gives a physical output
ACTUATOR
Hardware that is used to put data into a computer
INPUT DEVICE
Communication in both directions but one at a time
HALF DUPLEX
Raw Facts and figures
DATA
Interrogates the knowledge base to find an answer to a problem as part of an Expert System.
INFERENCE ENGINE
Processed data that has meaning/context
INFORMATION
Physical components of a computer system
HARDWARE
The user has to type in specific commands to operate the system. The user needs to be computer
literate to use it as they have to remember all the commands and their syntax. Requires very little
processing power.
CLI
Connects a LAN to a WAN
ROUTER
Hardware to display/report information from a computer
OUTPUT DEVICE
A list of on screen choices which leads to further menus which allows the user to choose an action
from a set list of options. Does not allow user to access other parts of software.
MENU DRIVEN INTERFACE
Where the user communicates with the computer in a human conversation type way. Used with
some internet search engines and expert systems. Requires no training or computer literacy. Very
difficult to program due to the ambiguous nature of human speech.
NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACE
Used to control the hardware of the system/resource management through software like hardware
drivers/system software. Provides platform on which applications can run. Handles
storage/management of files. Provides a user interface. Allow communication between user &
hardware. Has utility programs used to carry out housekeeping on system.
OPERATING SYSTEM
Housekeeping programs which perform a common task. Programs to help the running of the
hardware and protect the system.
UTILITY SOFTWARE
Data is processed instantly. System responds instantly to changes in input
REAL TIME OS
Manual which explains how to use system. Contains FAQs. Installation guide. Index. Glossary.
Contents. Written for future programmers.
USER MANUAL
Actions which are taken by the operating system without the user being aware of them.
TRANSPARANCY
Method of system lifecycle where each stage is fully completed before moving onto the next stage.
WATERFALL
Where analysis, design and implementation are done together and prototypes are produced by the
programmer with the end user. This is iterative development.
SPIRAL
Looks at if creating a new system/software application is worthwhile. Examines Technical, Social and
Economic factors.
FEASABILITY STUDY
Methods of finding out about current system. Questionnaire. Interviews. Observation. Collection
and analysis of documentation.
INFORMATION GATHERING
Document which contains Variable Names, Data Structure, how the code works, Procedures names,
DFDs, Flowcharts, Entity Relationship Diagrams.
TECHINCAL DOCUMENTATION
Data is put onto long term storage and kept offline so that it can be referred to if necessary. Data is
still available without taking up space on working storage.
ARCHIVING
Carries out arithmetic instructions. Carries out logical instructions. Acts as a gateway to processor.
ALU
Controls fetch/execute cycle. Manages execution of instructions by using control signals to other
parts of computer. Synchronises actions (using inbuilt clock).
CONTROL UNIT
Stores the OS/data currently in use and software currently in use
MEMORY UNIT
Stores the address of the next instruction and controls the sequence in which the instructions are
executed.
PROGRAM COUNTER
Stores the address in memory currently being accessed
MAR
Stores the data being transferred to or from memory
MDR
Stores the instruction currently being executed
CIR
Stores results of calculations performed
ACCUMULATOR
Transmit data between areas of the processor
DATA BUS
Copy of files to backup medium – eg. Memory stick, CDRW, DVDRW (not CD-Rom). Frequency of
backup, Time backup is performed. Storage of backup medium in safe location.
BACKUP STRATEGY
Send control signals from control unit to other parts of the processor
CONTROL BUS
Identification about where the data is being sent/coming from
ADDRESS BUS
The symbols that may be represented by a computer. Normally equates to the symbols on a
keyboard. Each character on the keyboard has a binary code which is unique. ASCII has 1 byte per
character. Unicode has 2 bytes.
CHARACTER SET
Network covers a wide geographical area crossing countries and continents.
WAN
A set of rules that governs communication between devices
PROTOCOL
A digit on the end of a string of numbers that has been calculated based on an algorithm performed
on the string of numbers. Used in error checking.
CHECK DIGIT
Communication in one direction only
SIMPLEX
Communication in both directions simultaneously
DUPLEX
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