Chapter 12
Enterprise Computing
Professor Michael J. Losacco
CIS 1110 – Using Computers
Overview
Chapter
12
Discuss Requirements of Enterprises
Identify Functional Units of Enterprise
List Systems Used in Functional Units
Describe the Virtualization
Describe Cloud & Grid Computing
Discuss Backup & Disaster Recovery
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Enterprise
Chapter
12
Large Organization
Requires Special Solutions Due to Size
Enterprise Computing
Use of Computers in Networks
Encompass Variety of:
Operating Systems
Protocols
Network Architectures
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Enterprise Computing
Chapter
12
Manage Large Amount of Information
Over an Extensive Geographical Area
Over Disparate Groups of People
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Enterprise Information
Chapter
12
Business Intelligence
Business Process Management
Business Process Automation
Focus on overall goals and objectives
Applies specific programs and plans to
meet stated objectives
Deals with ongoing activities
Access information
necessary to
perform job
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Enterprise Organization
Chapter
12
Functional Unit
Individual Operating Entity
Can Include Departments & Divisions
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Accounting & Finance
Chapter
12
Accounting
Accounts Payable
Accounts Receivable
Order Entry
Cost Accounting
Financial
Budgeting
Forecasting
Cash Management
Investment Analysis
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Human Resources (HR)
Chapter
12
HRIS
Human Resources Information System
Tracking Applicants
Tracking Training
Evaluations
Payroll
Benefits
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Engineering
Chapter
12
CAD (Computer-aided Design)
Produce Product Drafting / Design
CAE (Computer-aided Engineering)
Computerized Testing of Product Designs
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Manufacturing
Chapter
12
CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing)
Computerized Production Equipment
Robotics
CIM (Computer-integrated Manufacturing)
Operation of Process
Sensing State
Modifying Processes
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Manufacturing
Chapter
12
MRP (Material Requirements Planning)
Cost Estimates
Inventory Control
Bill of Materials
Purchasing
MRP II
Scheduling
Tracking Production
Monitoring Product Quality
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Marketing
Chapter
12
Determine
Products or Services
Interest of Customers
Strategy
Sales
Business Development
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Sales
Chapter
12
SFA (Sales Force Automation)
Tools for Traveling Salespeople
Sales Forecasting Management
Sales Lead Management
Account and Contact Management
Quote & Proposal Generation
Taking Orders
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Distribution
Chapter
12
SCM (Supply Chain Management)
Distribution Strategy
Delivery Scheme
Mode of Transportation
Logistics
Forecasting for Inventory Control
JIT
Track Shipping of Products
Provide Information & Analysis on Inventory
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Customer Service
Chapter
12
CIM (Customer Interaction Management)
Help Desks
Customer Service Centers
Telephone Calls
E-mail
Web Interactions
Instant Messaging Sessions
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Information Technology
Chapter
12
Information Architecture
Technology Strategy for Enterprise
Hardware & Software Maintenance
Build / Buy / Replace Systems
Web Site Management
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Information Technology
Chapter
12
General System Types
(OIS) Office Information System
Create Documents
Send Messages
Schedule Appointments
Browse Web
Transaction Processing
Captures & Processes Data From Transactions
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Information Technology
Chapter
12
General System Types
MIS (Management Information Systems)
Accurate, Timely, & Organized Information
Supervise Activities
Track Progress
Reengineering
Decision Support System
Helps Users Analyze Data & Make Decisions
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Information Technology
Chapter
12
General System Types
Expert System
Captures & Stores Knowledge of Experts
Knowledge Base
Subject Knowledge & Experiences of Experts
Imitates Human Reasoning & Decision Making
Inference Rules
Logical Judgments Applied to Knowledge Base
Artificial Intelligence
Make Decisions in Real-life Situations
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Information Technology
Chapter
12
General System Types
Expert System
Step 1.
Step 2.
A user
selects
his or her
gender
Select location
on body where
problem is
being
experienced
Step 3. Select type
of pain.
Step 5.
Step 4. Select
Review possible
diagnosis.
other information
about problem.
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Information Technology
Chapter
12
Integrated Information Systems
CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
Manages Information About Customers
Interactions With Customers
Past Purchases
Interests
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Information Technology
Chapter
12
Integrated Information Systems
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
Coordinate Activities of Functional Units
Integrates
Planning & Logistics
Purchasing
Inventory
Order Tracking
Customer Service
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Information Technology
Chapter
12
Integrated Information Systems
CMS (Content Management System)
Organizes & Allows Access to Documents
Seamlessly
Create
Edit
Review
Publish
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Technologies & Methodologies
Chapter
12
Portal
Collection of Links, Content, & Services
Presented on Web Page
Guide Users To Information
Likely to Need for Particular Job Function
Data Warehouse
Huge Database
Analyze Historical & Current Transactions
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Technologies & Methodologies
Chapter
12
Workflow
Specific Set of Steps
Complete a Business Process
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
Secure Connection to Company Network
For Mobile Users, Vendors, & Customers
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Technologies & Methodologies
Chapter
12
Virtualization
Sharing or Pooling Computing Resources
Server
Create Many Virtual Servers
From One Divided Physical Server
Storage
Create a Single Storage Device
From Many Physical Storage Devices
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Technologies & Methodologies
Chapter
12
Cloud Computing
Services / Storage Provided over Internet
AKA “Cloud"
Large Groups of Networked Servers
Use Low-cost Consumer PC Technology
Grid Computing
Combine Many Servers and / or PCs
Act as One Large Computer
Harness Unused Processing Cycles
Solve Problems Too Intense For Any One Machine
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E-Commerce
Chapter
12
Types
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Sale of Goods to General Public
Business-to-Business (B2B)
Business Sells to Other Businesses
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
Consumer Sells Directly to Another
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Enterprise Hardware
Chapter
12
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
Group of Two or More Integrated Hard Disks
More Reliable
Mirroring
Writes Data on Two Disks at Same Time
Enhances Reliability
Striping
Splits Data Across Multiple Disks
Improves Access Time
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Enterprise Hardware
Chapter
12
NAS (Network Attached Storage)
Storage for Users & Systems
SAN (Storage Area Network)
Storage for Other Servers
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Enterprise Hardware
Chapter
12
Enterprise Storage System
Strategy for
Availability
Protection
Organization
Backup
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Enterprise Hardware
Chapter
12
Blade Server
Complete Server on Single Card
Saves Space
Less Maintenance
Uses Less Energy
Generates Less Heat
Easily Replace / Upgrade
Blade Server Chassis Holds Many Blades
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Enterprise Hardware
Chapter
12
Thin Client
Small Terminal-like Computers
Rely on Server for Storage & Processing
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Enterprise Hardware
Chapter
12
High Availability System
Uptime of at Least 99%
Between 1-24 hrs Downtime in 2008
$3 Million Average Cost per Incident
Hot-swapping
Replace Component While System is Running
Redundant Components
Replaces Similar Component that Fails
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Enterprise Hardware
Chapter
12
Scalability
How Well System Grows to Meet Needs
Interoperability
Ability to Share Information
With Other Systems Within Enterprise
Open System
Shares Information Easily
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Backup Procedures
Chapter
12
Backup
Copy of Data & Program Files
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Backup Procedures
Chapter
12
CDP (Continuous Data Protection)
Automatic Data Backup
Whenever Data Changes in an Enterprise
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Disaster Recovery
Chapter
12
Restore Operations After Disaster
Emergency Plan
Steps Taken Immediately After Disaster
Backup Plan
How Backup is Used to Resume Processing
Recovery Plan
Actions to Restore Full Processing Operations
Test Plan
Simulates Disasters & Tests Ability to Recover
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