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Form 1 Science – Unit 1 revision
Branch of Science (P.6)
Branch
What does it study?
Biology
living things
Physics
matter, energy and forces
Chemistry
the properties, composition, structure and reactions of matter
Astronomy
the Sun, moon and stars
Geology
the structure of the Earth
Ecology
the way that living things interact with one another and their environments
Famous scientists (P.6)
Name
Branch
Work and achievement
Marie Curie
Chemistry
Stephen Hawking
Physics
Researched on black hole, space, time and universe
Charles Kao
Physics
Using optical fibres for transmitting signals
Mendeleev
Chemistry
Discovered radioactive elements
Formulated the periodic table
Positive and negative aspects of science (P.7)
Positive aspects
Negative aspects
Improve our living standard
Cars exhaust causes air pollution
Better understanding of diseases
Video games are poor to our eyesight
Better drugs (with less side effects)
Plastics cause pollution
Engineer new materials
Nuclear weapons kill people
Increase our life span
Radiations from mobile phones are harmful
Limitations of science (P.8)
- No cure for AIDS at the moment
- Some diseases like cancer are not treatable
- Limited understanding of the origin of the universe
- Limited understanding of why and how dinosaurs died out
- We are not able to travel to other planets (except the Moon)
The work of a scientist (P.9,12 and 13)
1. Make careful observations
2. Put forward a hypothesis
3. Plan and carry out the experiments
4. Record data or collect evidence
5. Analyse experimental results
6. Draw a conclusion
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Laboratory equipment and apparatus (P. 14, 16 and 17)
A
Measuring cylinder
M
Heat-proof mat
B
Filter funnel
N
Test tube
C
Conical flask
O
Test tube rack
D
Dropper
P
Tongs
E
Glass rod
Q
Test tube holder
F
Reagent bottle
R
Sink and water tap
G
Gas tap
S
Watch glass
H
Thermometer
T
Evaporating dish
I
Beaker
U
Gas jar
J
Wire gauze
V
Safety spectacles
K
Tripod
W
First aid box
L
Bunsen burner
X
Fire extinguisher
Laboratory safety (P.18-20)
What you should do
What you should NOT do
Follow instructions given by the teacher
Do not run and play in the laboratory
Keep the laboratory clean and tidy
Do not eat or drink in the laboratory
Report all accidents to your teacher at once
Do not throw waste into the sink
Keep papers away from Bunsen burner
Tie up long hair when using Bunsen burner
Do not point test tubes towards anyone when
heating chemicals
Put the Bunsen burner on a heat proof mat
Do not taste any chemicals
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Wear lab coat and safety spectacles
Hold the test tube with a test tube holder
Do not smell the chemicals directly, fan the
gas to the nose instead
Wait until hot apparatus has cooled before
putting it away
Do not enter the laboratory when teacher is
not there
Accidents and actions (P.21)
Accidents
What you should do
Heat burns (Bunsen burner)
Cool the affected area in slow running water
Chemical burns
Cool the affected area in slow running water
Eye accidents
Use eyewash bottle to wash the eyes
Small cuts
Apply a dressing to it
Thermometer broken
Report to teacher and do NOT try to clean up yourself
Solutions in test tube boils
and overflows during heating
Turn off the flame and inform your teacher immediately.
Make sure you clean up the spillage
Bunsen burner
Using a Bunsen burner (P.23)
1. Put the Bunsen burner on a heat proof mat
2. Make sure the rubber tubing is properly connected to the gas tap
3. Close the air hole
4. Light a match and hold it over the top of the chimney
5. Turn on the gas tap, a yellow flame is observed
6. Open the air hole slowly to produce a blue flame
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Compare yellow and blue flames
When the air hole is closed
When the air hole is opened
Shape of flame
Irregular
Regular
Colour of flames
Yellow
Blue
Temperature of the flame
Lower
Higher
Luminosity of the flame
Higher
Lower
Sound produced by the
Bunsen burner
Quiet
Roaring/ noisy
Diagram
When the air hole is fully open, the Bunsen burner may strike back. The flame changes to a
green colour and you can hear a loud noise. Please turn off the Bunsen burner immediately.
Measurements
How do we measure
Units
Length
Ruler, metre rule
km, m, cm, mm
Volume
Measuring cylinder
L, ml, m3, cm3
Weight
Balance, electronic balance, scale
kg, g, lbs
Temperature
Thermometer
°C, °F
Time
Stop-watch, clock, timer
h, min, s
Units Conversion
1 km = 1000 m
1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
1 cm = 10 mm
1 L = 1000 mL
1 kg = 1000 g
1 hr = 60 min = 3600 s
cm3
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
1 min = 60 s
1 mL = 1
1 L = 1000 cm3
How to do a simple scientific investigation (P.51, 53, 58)
1. Aim
2. Materials
3. Procedure
4. Record data/ measurements
5. Analysis
6. Fair test
7. Conclusion
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Questions :
1.
Ans:
What is Science ?
< P.g.4>
Science is the study of things and events around us. Besides finding out how and
why things happen, science can also improve our living standard. (Short ans.!)
In fact, many things we use in daily life are the products of scientific
knowledge. They would not have been invented without the knowledge of science.
2.
Is Science always good for us ?
< P.g. 7>
Ans:
Science is not always good for mankind, especially when it is not used properly.
(Short ans.!)
For example, nuclear weapons can kill and injure many people. Cars and plastics
can cause pollution of the environment. Therefore, we need to remind ourselves
to use scientific inventions properly.
3.
Ans:
Name any four things that we should/ should not do in lab.!
Four things we should do in lab. are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
< P.g.20>
Always follow instructions given by your teacher.
Keep the laboratory clean and tidy.
Report all accidents to your teacher at once.
Keep books and papers away from the Bunsen burner.
Four things that we should not do in lab. are :
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
Ans:
Do not enter the laboratory unless your teacher is present.
Do not run or play in the laboratory.
Do not eat or drink in the laboratory.
Do not throw solid wastes into the sink.
Why do you think your heart beats/pulse rate increase after exercise ?
The blood carries oxygen around the body. The harder you work, the more
oxygen you need. Your heart has to pump faster so that more oxygen can be
carried around the body.
Important :
Summing up Practice < P.g. 60 ~ 62 >