PLURAL OF NOUNS
LAWLESS LANGUAGE
(Unknown author)
We’ll Begin with a Fox and the plural is foxes,
But the plural of ox should never be *oxes.
One fowl is a goose and the plural is geese,
But the plural of moose won’t therefore be * meese.
So also for mouse the plural is mice,
But for house it’s houses – we never say *hice.
And since the plural of man is always called men,
For the plural of pan, why can’t we say pen?
Then one may be that and three may be those,
Yet rat in the plural is never called rose.
And the masculine pronouns are he, his, and him,
But imagine the feminine she, *shis, and *shim!
So English, I fancy, you all will agree,
Is the most lawless language you ever did see.
1) Match
A) fancy
B) fowl
C) fox
D) goose
E) lawless
F) moose
G) ox
H) pan
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
flash - flashes (lampejos)
echo - echoes (ecos)
box – boxes
buzz – buzzes ( zumbir)
superhero - superheroes (super-heróis)
2) Palavras terminadas em O originárias do latim, grego, espanhol ou italiano ou
ainda abreviadas, formamos o plural acrescentando S:
piano – pianos
zoo – zoos
photo – photos
dynamo – dynamos
casino – casinos
cello – cellos (violoncello)
kilo – kilos
magneto – magnetos
portfólio – portfólios
radio – rádios
solo – solos
soprano – sopranos
tango – tangos
virtuoso – virtuosos
avocado – avocados (abacate)
Eskimo – Eskimos
commando – commandos
vídeo – vídeos
ghetto – ghettos ( gueto)
kangaroo - kangaroos
As palavras buffalo, mosquito, tornado e volcano, aceitam tanto o S para o
plural como o ES
3) Substantivos terminados em –ch cuja pronúncia é /k/ também fazem plural
apenas com –s:
epoch – epochs (época)
conch - conchs (conchas)
monarch - monarchs (monarcas)
patriarch - patriarchs (patriarcas)
stomach - stomachs (estômagos)
matriarch – matriarchs (matriarca)
) raposa
) boi
) ave
) ganso
) alce
) panela
) desregrado
) imaginar
PLURAL OF NOUNS
REGRA GERAL: Acrescentamos “S” ao substantivo:
house – houses (casa)
car – cars (carro)
book – books (livro)
girl – girls ( garota)
topaz – topazes (topázio)
match - matches (fósforos)
watch – watches ( relógio)
crash - crashes (colisões)
hippo – hippos (hoppopotamus)
table – tables (mesa)
PARTICULARIDADES:
1) Substantivos terminados em: s, ss, sh, ch, x, z ou o, formamos o plural
acrescentando ES.
tomato – tomatoes
bus – buses
church – churches
brush – brushes
volcano – vulcanoes
hero – heroes ( herói)
potato – potatoes (batata)
glass – glasses (copo)
brush – brushes (pincel)
wish – wishes ( desejo)
4) Substantivo terminado em Y precedido de consoante trocando o Y por IES:
baby – babies
lady – ladies
city – cities
country – countries
family – families
story – stories
fly – flies (mosca)
body-bodies (corpo)
ferry – ferries (balsa)
sky – skies – (céu)
vocabulary-vocabularies
nappy - nappies (fralda)
poppy - poppies (papoula)
5) Substantivo terminado em Y precedido de vogal, formamos o plural com S
boy – boys
key – keys
donkey – donkeys
guy – guys (caras, rapaz)
6) Substantivos terminados em F ou Fe, trocamos o
F ou FE por VES:
wife – wives (esposa)
life – lives (vida)
knife – knives (faca)
shelf – shelves (estante)
wolf – wolves (lobo)
calf – calves (bezerro)
leaf – leaves (folha)
loaf – loaves ( pão)
sheaf – sheaves ( feixe, maço)
half – halves (metade)
self – selves ( a própria pessoa)
thief – thieves (ladrão)
elf – elves (elfos)
Estas 13 palavras mudam o F para V e acrescentamos ES.
As demais palavras terminadas em F ou FE fazem
parte do plural regular, ou seja, com o acréscimo de S:
roof – roofs (telhado)
cliff – cliffs ( penhasco)
chief – chiefs ( chefe)
dwarf – dwarfs (anão)
strife – strifes ( briga)
7) Palavras terminadas em MAN , formamos o plural
mudando o A pelo E:
man – men
woman – women
policeman – policemen
Obs: Nacionalidade acrescentamos apenas o S
German - Germans
8) Alguns substantivos são irregulars:
child children (criança)
mouse – mice (camundongo)
goose - geese (ganso)
tooth – teeth (dente)
foot – feet (pé)
ox – oxen (boi)
louse - lice (piolho)
dice – dice (dados)
9) Palavras estrangeiras
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Datum
data
Erratum
errata
Bacterium
bacteria
Crisis
crises
Basis
bases
Thesis
theses
Mitosis
mitoses
Analysis
analyses
Nucleus
nuclei
Genius
genii
Cactus
cacti
Focus
foci
Criterion
criteria
Phenomenon
phonomena
10) Alguns substantivos, por conter a idéia de um grande número ou porque
indicam que a entidade é composta de duas partes iguais, são somente usados no
plural:
Binoculs
cattle
glasses
jeans
knickers
leggings
pajamas
pants
pliers
pincers
police
scales
scissors
shorts
tights
tongs
trousers
binóculo
gado
óculos
jeans
calções
fusô
pijama
calça
alicate
pinça
polícia
balança
tesoura
calção
meia-calça
tenaz
calça
2) Give the plural of nouns:
01) BOX: _______________________ 02) HALF: ______________________
03) HERO: _____________________ 04) COMPUTER: ________________
05) WOMAN: __________________
06) BUS: ____________________
07) ECHO: __________________
08) LADY: ___________________
09) WIFE: ____________________
10) STORY: ___________________
11) DOG: ____________________
12) NEGRO: _____________________
13) DISH: ____________________
14) BUTTERFLY: ______________
15) SHEAF: __________________
16) FOOT: ____________________
17) GLASS: ___________________
18) HALF: _____________________
19) MATCH: ____________________ 20) NOTEBOOK: __________________
21) WATCH: ____________________ 22) WORD: ______________________
23) GLOVE: ____________________
24) UMBRELLA: ________________
25) QUIZZ:___________________
26) LOUSE:_____________________
27) DELIVERY: ________________
28) ROSE: ______________________
29) MONKEY: ________________
30) TORNADO:___________________
3) Rewrite these sentences in the plural:
a) A tomato is a vegetable._________________
b) A ball is a toy. __________________________
c) This child is very tall._____________________
d) A fly is an insect. _______________________
e) An ox is a mammal. _____________________
f) He is an Eskimo. ________________________
g) The chief is here. _______________________
h) This story is funny. _____________________
i) Look at that box. _____________________
j) This bus is new. ________________________
k) There was a glass on the table.__________
l) That man is a good engineer._______________
m) There’s a dwarf in this jungle.____________
n) Look at the funny roof! _____________
o) Where’s the knife? ______________
p) The tomato is in the box. ____________
q) There is a yellow peach in the basket._______
r) Your photo is on the piano. __________
s) The lady is near the child. _______________
t) The policeman is here. _________________
u) He is a gentleman. ____________________
v) There is a boy in the class. ____________
w) Is your child well? _______________________
x) I can see black cow in her property.________
4) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE THE CORRECT PLURAL FORM:
1.The __________________ of the ______________________ are waiting for you.
( wife / policeman )
2. The _____________________ are playing with their _________________ in the
garden. ( child / toy)
3. There are _________________ of fresh ___________________ and
__________________ at the street market. ( box / tomato / peach)
4. The _________________ are sleeping but the __________ are not. ( baby / boy)
5. I like to eat hot ____________ ( potato)
6. They are talking the ______________ to the police station. ( thief )
7. Brush your __________ after dinner. ( tooth)
8. Those ______________ are valuable. (picture )
9) The _____________ are late. ( bus )
10) It’s possible to learn new _______________ in this song. ( word )
5) One of the boldface words is not correct. Write the correct form in the
parentheses,
a) Those European countries had wise monarches.( _____________________ )
b) The rooves of the huts were covered with leaves from the trees. (____________ )
c) Old MacDonald had a farm with a lot of sheep, calfs and oxen. ( _____________ )
d) The poor slum children had lices. ( ____________ )
e) There were three loafs and ten glasses of milk on the table. ( _____ )
06) Choose the correct alternative:
1) In each group, identify the alternative in which the plural form f all the nouns is
correct:
a)
(
) tomatoes; photos; countries, wives
(
) tomatos; photos; countrys; wifes
(
) tomatoes; photos; countrys, wives
(
) tomatos; photos; countries; wives
b)
(
(
(
(
) babies; sheaves; half
) baby; sheafs, halves
) babies; sheaves; halves
) babys; sheafs, halves
c)
(
(
(
(
) knifes; leaves; gooses
) knives; leafs; geeses
) knives; leaves; geese
) knives; leafs; geese
d)
(
(
(
(
) armschairs; louses; Englishman; loafs
) armchairs; louses; Englishmans; loaves
) armchairs; louses; Englishmen, loafs
) armchairs; lice; Englishmen, loaves
e)
(
(
(
(
) data; bacterium; bases
) datum; bacteria; basis
) data; bacteria, bases
) datum; bacterium; basis
07 ) Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative:
a) _______________are dangerous weapons.
(
) the knife
(
) knifes
(
) a knife
(
) knives
b) The plural of FOX is:
( ) foxen
( ) foxes
(
c) The plural of a German is:
(
) German
( ) Germanes
) vixen
(
(
7) _______________, _____________, ____________, ____________ are animals.
(
) ox, geese, mouse, dogs
(
) oxes, goose, mousse, dogs
(
) oxen, geese, mice, dogs
(
) oxen, geese, mice, dog
) fox
) Germans
(
) Germen
d) Boys have big _________________ and girls have small ones.
(
) foots
(
) feet
(
) feets
(
) foots
e) My mother bought us five beautiful white ________.
(
) toothbrushes
(
) toothbrush (
) teethbrush
(
) teethbrushes
3) Observe as orações abaixo:
I – Kurt and Gabriel are boys who like to play with tois.
II – The Le Corbusier and Antoni Gaudi are famous European architects
III – Those European countries had wise monarches.
Verifica-se que houve acerto no emprego do plural:
( ) Apenas na I
( ) em todas.
( ) Apenas na II
( ) Apenas na III
4) In each group identify the only word which demands the verb in the singular:
( ) data
( ) theses
( ) analysis
( ) synopses
( ) pianos
( ) mice
( ) geese
( ) potato
( ) men
( ) children
( ) bus
( ) dice
( ) teeth
( ) foot
( ) churches ( ) hippos
( ) armchairs
( ) benches
( ) key
( ) photos
( ) pianos
( ) mice
( ) geese
( ) potato
( ) salesmen
( ) lice
( ) mice
( ) meese
5) Choose the correct plural form for: “calf, cliff; basis, armful”:
(
) calves, cliffs, basis, armsful
(
) calves, clives, basis, armful
(
) calves, cliffs, bases, armfuls
(
) calfs, clives, basis, armfuls
6) Complete the sentences: There are too many ___________ in these
____________.
(
) thieves, citys
(
) thiefs, cities
(
) thiefs, cityes
(
) thieves, cities
8) Which plural form is right?
( ) chief, chiefs ( ) calf, calves
9) Which plural form is wrong?
( ) wolves
( ) loaves
(
(
) ox, oxes
) beliefs
(
(
) bench, benches
) studioes
10) A palavra que forma o plural pelo simples acréscimo de s é:
( ) man
( ) child
( ) box
( ) night
11) Plural form of the sentence “ The wolf was trying to catch the calf” is:
(
) The wolfs was trying to catch the calfs
(
) The wolves was trying to catch the calves
(
) The wolfs were trying to catches the calves
(
) The wolves were trying to catch the calves
12) The plural of the sentence “Why doesn’t the bus stop in this city?” is:
( ) Why don’t the buses stop in these cities?
( ) Why doesn’t the bus stop in this citys?
( ) Why doesn’t the buses stop in this cities?
( ) Why don’t the buses stop in those cities?
13) The plural of the sentence “ The crash was very serious. He hurt his foot and
broke a tooth” is:
( ) The crash was very serious. They hurt their feet and broke some tooth.
( ) The crashes was very serious. They hurt their feet and broke some tooth.
( ) The crashes were very serious. They hurt their feet and broke some teeth.
( ) The crashes was very serious. They hurt their feet and broke some teeth.
14) The plural form of the sentence “Tell that girl to put her brush in this box” is:
(
) Tell those girls to put their brushes in these boxes.
(
) Tell these girls to put their brushes in those boxes.
(
) Tell those girls to put her brushes in these boxes.
(
) Tell those girl to put their brushes in those boxes.
15) The word that doesn’t have an irregular plural form like “tooth – teeth” is…
a) ox
b) foot
c) cloth
d) goose
e) mouse
21) Escolha a alternativa correta:
1.
16) Na frase “Did hundreds of Japanese kids suffer a TV-induced epileptic attack last
2.
week? Indique a alternativa em que todas as palavras têm a mesma forma de plural1.
de kids.
3.
a) attack – mouse
b) goose – Japanese
c) cartoon – trigger 1.
d) show – child
e) cherry – peach
4.
1.
17) Knives is the plural of knife. Which of the words below does not form its plural in 5.
the same way?
1.
a) wife
b) life
c) leaf
d) chief
e) half
18) Mark the only word that does not form the plural regularly:
a) pupil
b) teacher
c) house
d) proof
e) loaf
19) Which alternative shows the correct plural form of the words given?
a) mouse – mice / goose – geese
b) mouse – mices / person – child – children
c) mouse – mousse / foot – feet
d) bus – buses / book – beek
e) child – childs / knife – knives
20) Match the columns below so that the words in the second columns fit the
sentences provided in the first one;
1. Tom and Mary loves their ______________.
2. Put the oranges inside those _______________.
3. I can’t walk. My ________ are aching a lot.
4. The ______________ are flying south.
5. The cat is hunting the __________________.
6) When Jane fell over, she broke two of her ______________.
a) ( ) feet
b) ( ) teeth
c)( ) children
d) ( ) geese e)( ) mice
f) ( ) boxes
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
6–3–1–4–5–2
3–6–1–4–5–2
3–6–2–4–5–1
5–3–4–2–6–1
3–6–4–1–2–5
6.
1.
7.
1.
8.
1.
9.
1.
2.
The plural of "way" is
( ) waies
( ) wayes
( )wayses
( )ways
The plural of "baby" is
( )babys
( ) babies
( ) babyes ( )babyses
The plural of "church" is
( ) churchs
( ) churchies
( ) churches
( ) churies
The plural of "key" is
(
) keys
(
) keyies
( ) keies
( ) keyes
The plural of "wish" is
(
) wish
(
) wishies
(
) wishs
( ) wishes
The plural of "loss" is
( ) loss
( ) lossies
(
) losses
(
) lossys
The plural of "enemy" is
( ) enemys
( ) enemies
(
) enemyes
(
) enemes
The plural of "line" is
(
) lines
( ) linies
( ) lins
(
) linses
The plural of "show" is
( ) showes
(
) showies
( ) showers
( )shows
The plural of "box" is
( ) boxs
( ) boxies
( ) box
( ) boxes