Muscular System: Chapter 8 Study Guide:
1. The skeleton Cannot move itself, that job is preformed by the _______________________
_________________________.
2. Muscle tissue consists of cells that are specialized for __________________________.
3. What are the three types of muscle tissue and where in the human body would you find each
type?
A. _________________ ______________________________________________
B. _________________ ______________________________________________
C. _________________ ______________________________________________
4. Thick filaments of skeletal muscle are composed of a protein called
________________________________.
5. Which muscle tissue is described by the following words; Involuntary; single large nucleus,
and are not striated. ______________________________________
6. Thin filaments of skeletal muscle are composed of a protein called
___________________________.
7. The type of muscle that bends a joint is called a ________________________.
8. The type of muscle that straightens a joint is called a _____________________.
9. Skeletal muscle in made of elongated cells called _______________________
_____________________.
10. Which muscle tissue is described by the following words; Voluntary, Striated, large cells with
more than one nucleus ___________________________________________.
11. What attaches muscles to bones? ___________________________
12. These type of muscles have opposing or opposite functions __________________________
__________________.
13. Type of muscle that pumps blood through the body ____________________
_______________________.
14. Skeletal muscle fibers are grouped into dense bundles called
______________________________.
15. These types of muscles have the same function, or work together to perform a particular
function are called _____________________ _______________________.
16. Skeletal muscles are joined to bone by tough connective tissue called
____________________________.
17. Muscle fibers consists of bundles of threadlike structures called
_______________________________.
18. Thin actin filaments are anchored at their midpoints to a structure called the
_____________________________________.
19. A group of fascicles are bound together by connective tissue to form a
___________________________.
20. Muscles contractions require energy, which is supplied by ________________.
21. The more stationary bone that a muscle connects to is called the
_____________________________.
22. The more movable bone that a muscle connects to is called the
_____________________________.
23. ________________________ is a physiological inability of a muscle to contract.
24. _______________________ _________________ is a temporary lack of oxygen.
25. The _________________________ is the functional unit of muscle contractions.
26. What is the difference between isometric and isotonic contractions? Give an example of
each.
27. What are the two types of isotonic contractions? Give an example of each.
List the steps of muscle fiber contraction in the correct order:
1. Sarcolemma is stimulated by neurotransmitters to releases Calcium ions.
2. ATP energy released and cross bridge is broken. The repeated breaking and forming of bonds
is the continued contractions of the sarcomere.
3. Muscle contractions are instigated by nerve impulses at a Neuromuscular junction.
4. A lack of Calcium ions allows Troponin and Tropomyosin to block the Myosin-binding sites
on the Actin, preventing a cross bridge to form.
5. Myosin heads bind to actin forming a cross bridges and Myosin moves actin towards z band
shortening the entire sarcomere for contraction.
6. Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of the motor nerve across the synapse
into the membrane of muscle tissue (the sarcolemma)
7. Calcium ions bind to troponin and tropomyosin changing their shape allowing the actin
binding site to be