Karen Lee Zannini
11/22/05
IDE 830
Development Model and Work Plan
Development Model: Ampted-Up ADDIE
The ADDIE Model is an iterative instructional design process, where the results of the formative evaluation
of each phase may lead the instructional design back to any previous phase. 1
This development model is an ideal model over the hundred plus development
models because, “almost all [development models] are based on the generic ADDIE
model (Kruse, 2005).” In the above version of ADDIE the phases can overlap and
interrelate, and therefore they, “provide a dynamic, flexible guideline for developing
effective and efficient instruction (Kruse, 2005).”
“ADDIE” is a mnemonic for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation,
and Evaluation. Each of the five phases has specific tasks to be completed with specific
outcomes.
From “Instructional System Design (ISD): Using the ADDIE Model,” by Steven J.
McGriff. 2000, Web Address. Retrieved on 11/6/05.
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Karen Lee Zannini
11/22/05
IDE 830
Development Model and Work Plan
In the first phase, Analysis, the foundation is set for the remaining four phases
(Kruse, 2005). During this phase the problem is identified; the source of the problem and
possible solutions are determined (Kruse, 2005). Items such as a needs assessment,
problem identification and task analysis are carried out.
The results from the Analysis phase are needed to start the Design phase. The
outputs are used to plan a strategy for developing the instruction to take place(Kruse,
2005). An outline detailing how to reach the instructional goals and expand the
instructional foundation must be developed (Kruse, 2005). This outline may include a
target population description, a learning analysis, written objectives and test items,
selection of a delivery system, and sequencing instruction; all of which are needed to
transition to the Development phase (Kruse, 2005).
During the Development phase, the lesson plans and materials are created.
Instruction will be designed, media selected (if necessary) and any supporting
documentation will be indicated (Kruse, 2005). Also noted during this phase is hardware
and software requirements if any are required (Kruse, 2005).
The Implementation phase is the actual delivery of the instruction created during
the Development phase (Kruse, 2005 and Rawat, 2005). The instruction should be
delivered effectively and efficiently to “promote students’ understanding of material,
support the students’ mastery of objectives, and ensure the students’ transfer of
knowledge from the instructional setting to the job (Kruse, 2005).”
Finally, the Evaluation phase, “measures both the effectiveness and efficiency of
the instruction (Kruse, 2005 and Rawat, 2005).” The traditional form of ADDIE is very
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Karen Lee Zannini
11/22/05
IDE 830
Development Model and Work Plan
linier and Evaluation does not take place until the very end of the model. However, in
our version, as depicted above, formative evaluation (evaluation done to improve
instruction before the final version is implemented) is to be conducted upon completion
of each phase (Kruse, 2005). The summative evaluation is conducted after the final
version of instruction is implemented (Kruse, 2005 and Rataw, 2005). The data collected
in lieu of the summative evaluation are used to determine if the instruction should
continue or dropped.
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Karen Lee Zannini
11/22/05
IDE 830
Development Model and Work Plan
References
Kruse, Kevin. Introduction to instructional design and the ADDIE model. Retrieved
November 6, 2005, from http://www.e-learningguru.com/articles/art2_1.htm
Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, College of education, Instructional
Systems. (September 2000). Instructional System Design (ISD): Using the ADDIE
Model. Retrieved November 6, 2005, from the Steven J. McGriff Web site:
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/s/j/sjm256/portfolio/kbase/IDD/ADDIE.pdf
Rawat, Neetu. (2005). ADDIE Model: Developing E-Learning. About. Retrieved
November 6, 2005, from
http://businessmajors.about.com/cs/businessthought/a/eLearning.htm
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