World History 9.2 Patterns of Change
Drill: Textile Industry & Entrepreneurs
Textile Industry: produced cotton and other cloth products
Entrepreneurs: provided organization and management skills and took financial risks
in developing new businesses
Objectives: Students will be able to describe the social and economic effects of
industrialization by analyzing show how Manchester exemplified the new industrial city.
Notes: industrialization changes society
1. Poor city dwellers: because no plans, sanitary codes, or building regulations controlled
the rampant growth of English cities, the poor lacked adequate housing and many were
forced to live in dark, filthy, overcrowded slums under very unhealthy and unsafe
conditions.
2. Factory workers: because factory owners wanted to keep their machines running for as
many hours a day as possible, workers were forced to work long hours for starvation
wages, often under dangerous and unhealthy conditions; later, working conditions and the
standard of living improved.
3.Wealthy merchants, factory owners, shippers: they gained wealth and status in society
and joined a growing middle class of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and
well-to-do farmers.
4. Children: as young as six began to work in factories with their families for long hours
under brutal conditions; child labor laws later brought some reforms.
5. Lower middle class of factory overseers and skilled workers: they enjoyed a
comfortable standard of living.
6. Large landowners and aristocrats : because some factory owners, merchants, and
investment bankers grew wealthier, they lost some status, respect, and power but
continued to look down on those who gained wealth in business.
Consequences of the Industrial Revolution
1. The environment: the environment was polluted and natural resources were depleted.
2. Educational opportunities expanded in response to a need for skilled and professional
workers.
World History 9.2 Patterns of Change:
1. b, c, e
2. a, b, c, e
3. a, b, d
BCR1: Industrialization benefited the most: entrepreneurs. They made a great deal of
money, led basically pleasant lives enjoying the benefits of industrialization and what it
made available to them, and occupied a comfortable social position as part of the new
middle class. Industrialization benefitted the following the least: children of the poor.
They were forced to risk their lives working under dangerous
conditions in factories and mines for very long hours at very low wages.
BCR2 Industrialization led to urbanization (the movement of people to the cities) and the
expansion of a middle class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people,
and wealthy farmers.
GEOGRAPHY APPLICATION
1. Liverpool; Nottingham
2. They must have a fleet of boats.
3. Plymouth and Norwich; Plymouth
4. Most of the people in 1750 live in the south and west of England. In 1850 they move to
the north and west. The enclosure movement caused many English to be unemployed.
The factories, located in the north and west, provided employment. As a result, many
people moved to these locations.
5. 150 miles
6. 205,000; The population grew by approximately 1,355,000.
7. The people who owned the factories wanted to be near the source of energy because it
saved them time and money. They did not have to transport the coal to their factories
over great distances. The coal simply had to be carried into the factories right from the
mines.
Summary: In today’s lesson we were able to describe the social and economic effects of
industrialization and show how Manchester exemplified the new industrial city.
Homework: Urbanization & Middle Class
Urbanization: the movement of people to the cities)
Middle Class: made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy
farmers.
Name ___________________________________________________Period_______________
World History 9.2 Patterns of Change:
Terms and Names:
1.Place a check mark in front of each of the following that IMPROVED as an early result of the
Industrial Revolution. ______ a. factory working conditions ______ b. the quality of clothing ______ c.
the average person’s diet ______ d. the sanitary conditions in cities ______ e. transportation
2. Place a check mark in front of each of the following that INCREASED as an early result of the
Industrial Revolution. ______ a. urbanization ______ b. the size of the middle class ______ c. the length
of the average work day ______ d. the life expectancy of the average worker ______ e. the availability
of what had been considered luxury items
3. Place a check mark in front of each of the following that eventually IMPROVED as a result of the
Industrial Revolution. ______ a. living conditions for the average worker ______ b. educational
opportunities ______ c. preservation of the environment ______ d. affordability of consumer goods
BCR1. Critical Thinking Briefly answer the following question. Think about all of the various groups
of people who were involved in the Industrial Revolution, from rural aristocrats to skilled workers to the
children of the poor. What one group would you say benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution
in the short term? What one group would you say benefited the least? Support your opinions.
BCR2. Recognizing Main Ideas define urbanization and middle class and explain how these terms
relate to industrialization.
GEOGRAPHY APPLICATION: MOVEMENT
British Population Moves to the Cities Directions: Read the paragraphs below and study the maps
and graph carefully. Then answer the questions that follow.
Britain’s richest coal-fields are in the central and northern regions of the country. This geographic fact
caused a major shift in Britain’s population between 1750 and 1850. Coal was found to be the most
efficient way to power the new steam engine. As a result, many new industries and factories moved to
be near the sources of energy. Soon, coal-fired steam engines powered the iron foundries, textile
factories, and railroads of northern Britain. Industrialization also required a large labor force. The
enclosure movement, in which wealthy landowners bought out small farms and forced these people out
of their livelihood, provided a ready supply of workers. As a result, masses of people moved to the
industrial cities to find jobs.
C
1760–
1881
Interpreting Text and Visuals
1. Of the cities shown on the bar graph, which one had the largest population increase between 1760 and
1881? the smallest?
2. What mode of transportation did all English companies have to have in order to transport their goods
to Europe?
3. Which two cities appear to have missed out on the Industrial Revolution in England? Which one
probably even lost population between 1750 and 1850?
4. Where was most of the English population living in 1750? in 1850? What caused this major
population shift?
5. If you are a factory owner in Sheffield and your workers have just completed an order of clothes,
about how many miles would you have to travel to sell them in London?
6. What is the approximate total population of the five cities on the chart in 1760? How much didthat
total population increase by 1881?
7. Why do you think it is important for factories and mills to be near their sources of energy?
Summarize today’s lesson.
CHAPTER 9