Women and science
Women and science: publications
Women and science: official documents
National publications
Women and science publications
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New EC report:
o “Women and Science: Excellence and Innovation - Gender Equality in
Science” (PDF – 72 kb)
o Annex (PDF – 371 kb)
EC Gender equality report 2005
The 2005 gender equality report shows that while gender employment and education
gaps are closing in the EU, the gender pay gap has remained almost unchanged.
The Enwise final report "Waste of Talents: turning private struggles into a public
issue" (PDF – 3.9 Mb)
The report can also be downloaded by chapter:
o Cover (PDF – 55 kb)
o Foreword and introduction (PDF – 308 kb)
o Chapter 1: From national icons to superwomen (PDF – 916 kb)
o Chapter 2: Funding without freedom, freedom without funding (PDF – 214
kb)
o Chapter 3: The bees and the honey (PDF – 920 kb)
o Chapter 4.1: How far is the target? (PDF – 257 kb)
o Chapter 4.2: Enwise workshop (PDF – 156 kb)
o Chapter 5: Fostering the talents and knowledge of women scientists from the
Enwise countries (PDF – 104 kb)
o Epilogue: Abundance or Shortage? (PDF – 90 kb)
o Annexes (PDF – 421 kb)
o Bibliography (PDF – 111 kb)
o Experts group biographies (PDF – 666 kb)
From the end of July 2004; a hard copy of this report in English can be requested by
e-mail from the following address: rtd-womenscience@cec.eu.int
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“Gender and Excellence in the Making” (PDF – 1,3Mb), a report written after the
workshop “Minimising gender bias in the definition and measurement of scientific
excellence”.
Women and Science: "Statistics in Focus" from Eurostat on "Women, science and
technology: Measuring recent progress towards gender equality"
- three main chapters:
o Women slowly catching up among engineering graduates especially in EU-15
countries
o Women researchers more likely to work in sectors with lower R&D
expenditure
o Level of education impacts differently on employment outcomes for women
and men.
Download the Vademecum Gender Mainstreaming in the 6th Framework Programme–
Reference Guide for Scientific Officers/Project Officers
The Minerva's Daughters report (PDF, 1.8 Mb) aims at presenting a working method
to study scientific careers from a gender point of view, a method which tries to
exploit available information and acknowledge the importance of the experience
accumulated by those who work in scientific and technological fields.
Dowload the latest Women and Science statistics publication here. She Figures 2003
(PDF, 1.2 Mb) is the widest collection of European indicators on Women and Science
yet produced, and comes complete with explanatory texts, technical guidelines and
methodological notes.
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Study on networks of women scientists - Final recommendations report (PDF, 294
Kb)
Extracts from the European Report on Science & Technology Indicators
(ERSTI/REIST):
Encouraging Women into S&T - Women in Science: What do the indicators reveal?
(PDF, 483 Kb)
Women in Industrial Research - A wake up call for European industry, 2003 (PDF
files divided by chapter)
European Report: National Policies on Women and Science in Europe, 2002
A hard copy of this report in English can be requested by e-mail at the following
address: Inez.Gaulier@cec.eu.int.
The report can also be downloaded below:
o Full version (PDF, 12 Mb)
o Part 1: Main report (PDF, 1.5 Mb)
o Part 2: Summary chart of equality measures in EU Member States and
associated countries (PDF, 124 Kb)
o Part 3: Summary national reports for EU Member States and associated
countries (PDF, 720 Kb)
o Part 4: National statistical profiles for EU Member States and associated
countries (PDF, 1.5 Mb)
o Part 5: Helsinki Group on women and science: list of members (PDF, 227 Kb)
o Part 6: Helsinki Group statistical correspondents: list of members (PDF, 9.9
Mb)
o An executive summary is available in the following languages (PDF, ~ 26 Kb)
DA | DE | EL | ES | FI | FR | IT | NL | PT | SV
National Reports from the Helsinki Group countries, 2001
Gender and Research Conference, Brussels, 8-9 November 2001
o Summary and Conclusions (PDF, 67.5 Kb)
o Proceedings of the conference (PDF, 1.98 Mb)
ETAN Report: Science Policies in the European Union: Promoting excellence through
mainstreaming gender equality, 2000 (PDF, ~ 1 Mb)
DE | EL | EN | ES | FR | IT
Gender Impact Assessment Studies, please access CORDIS Science and society
library.
Official documents
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Women and Science – Mobilising women to enrich European research.
Communication of the Commission adopted on 17 February 1999 (COM(1999)76
final) (PDF, ~ 220 Kb)
DA DE | EL | EN | ES | FI | FR | IT | NL | PT | SV
Resolution of the Council adopted on 20 May 1999 (8565/99)
Resolution of the Parliament (PDF, 22.7 Kb) adopted on 3 February 2000 (PE
284.656; A5-0082/1999)
Commission Staff Working Paper
Women and Science: the gender dimension as a leverage for reforming science, 15
May 2001 (SEC(2001)771) (PDF, ~ 600 Kb)
DA | DE | EL | EN | ES | FI | FR | IT | NL | PT | SV
Council Resolution on Science and Society and on Women in Science, 26 June 2001
(10357/01) (PDF, ~ 85 Kb)
DE | EN | FR
New EC report:
o “Women and Science: Excellence and Innovation - Gender Equality in
Science” (PDF – 72 kb)
o Annex (PDF – 371 kb)
National publications
"Women and science" in Austria
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Materialien zur Förderung von Frauen in der Wissenschaft Publication Series
Articles on the advancement of women in science and research
This publication of the Austrian Ministry of Education, Science and Culture analyses
the situation of women in research institutions.
Frauenforschung, feministische Forschung, Gender Studies: Entwicklungen und
Perspektiven, Christina Lutter, Elisabeth Menasse-Wiesbauer
Women and feminist research, gender studies: developments and perspectives
This publication presents a cross section of projects in the field of feminist research
and gender studies financed in recent years. They range from theoretically oriented
and empirical projects, to micro studies, international comparisons, exhibition
projects and programmes for the promotion of young people.
Zur Genese feministischer Wissenschaft in Österreich, Doris Ingrisch, Brigitte
Lichtenberger-Fenz
Genesis of feminist science in Austria
A series of 61 interviews were conducted across Austria with university and nonuniversity scientists of various scientific backgrounds, vocational positions and
generations working in the field of women and gender Research. The aim was to
outline those conditions which empower women to operate an innovative and
feminist science.
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"Women and science" in Belgium
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La Représentation des femmes dans la recherche au sein des institutions
universitaires de la Communauté française de Belgique (PDF, 3.3Mb) [FR]
"The representation of women in the university research institutions of Belgium’s
French-speaking community"
While more women have found their way into the student population in Belgium and
across Europe over the last 30 years, there remains a large gender gap in the senior
ranks of university teachers.
Accès des jeunes femmes aux études universitaires de sciences et de sciences
appliquées (PDF, 2,43 Mb) [FR] – rapport intermédiaire
"Young women’s access to science and applied science university studies" –
intermediate report
"Women and science" in France
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The Metz Symposium on Women scientists of the three borders: France, Germany
and Luxembourg was held in March 2003. The proceedings are available under the
menu "Bibliothèque".
"Women and science" in Germany
Studies about women in academia
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Abele Andrea, "Geschlechterdifferenz in der beruflichen Karriereentwicklung. Warum
sind Frauen weniger erfolgreich als Männer?"
In B. Keller & A. Mischaus (Hrsg). Frauen machen Karriere in Wissenschaft,
Wirtschaft und Politik. Chancen nutzen – Barrieren überwinden (49-64), BadenBaden, Nomos.
Theme: Career development of female scientists
Allmendinger Jutta, Stebut Janina V., Fuchs Stefan, Brückner Hannah, "Eine Liga für
sich? Berufliche Werdegänge von Wisenschaftlerinnen in der Max-PlanckGesellschaft"
In: A. Neusel ; A. Wetterer (Hrsg.) (1999): Vielfältige Verschiedenheiten.
Geschlechterverhältnisse in Studium, Hochschule und Beruf.(193- 220), Campus.
Theme: Female scientists in research institutions
Krais Beate (Hg.), "Wissenschaftskultur und Geschlechterordnung"
Über die verborgenen Mechanismen männlicher Dominanz in der akademischen Welt,
(55-82) Frankfurt a.M.: Campus Verlag.
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Theme: Female scientists in universities
German only
Matthies Hildegard, Kuhlmann Ellen, Oppen Mari, Simon Dagmar,
"Barrieren und Karrieren im Wissenschaftsbetrieb" – Geschlechterdifferente
Teilhabechancen in außer-universitären Forschungseinrichtungen.
Berlin: Edition Sigma.
Theme: Female scientists in research institutions
German only
Brochures
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Mehr Frauen an die Spitze! Gender Mainstreaming in Forschungseinrichtungen (PDF,
2.8 Mb) [DE]
More women at the top! Gender mainstreaming in research facilities (PDF, 2.7 Mb)
The brochure explores the situation of women in research institutions and strategies
to improve gender mainstreaming.
Bonn, May 2002
Teichler Ulrich, "Frauen in Hochschule und Beruf – eine Sekundäranalyse der
Hochschulforschung"
In: Metz-Göckel, Sigrid; Wetterer, Angelika (Hrsg.) (1996): Vorausdenken –
Querdenken – Nachdenken. (89-99) Frankfurt a. M. / NY: Campus.
Theme: female scientists in universities
Frauen in den ingenieur- und naturwissenschaftlichen Studiengängen (PDF, 594 Kb)
[DE]
The study analyses the situation of women in science and technology courses
(schools, universities) and recommends curricula innovations to change the underrepresentation of women in these fields of studies.
Bonn, 2 May 2002, ISBN 3-934850-32-4
Frauen in Führungspositionen – Sechste Fortschreibung des Datenmaterials (PDF,
622 Kb) [DE]
The brochure provides data on women in science (2000/2001): graduates, scientific
staff and recruitment in higher education and research institutions.
Bonn, 2002
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"Women and science" in Czech Republic
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"Skleněný strop – pozice žen ve vědě"
"Glass ceiling – the position of women in science" (autumn 2002)
This report gives a detailed account of gender issues in Czech R&D. It focuses on
individual gender aspects pertaining to the functioning of scientific institutions.
"Na cestě do EU: Rovné příležitosti žen a mužů v ČR"
"On the road to the EU: equal opportunities for women and men in the Czech
Republic"
This report deals with various areas of equal opportunities policies in view of the
planned accession of the Czech Republic to the EU. In addition to presenting gender
issues in R&D, the publication contains articles on gender issues in education,
advertising and family life.
"Analýza současné situace v rovnosti žen a mužů v oblasti působnosti MŠMT"
"Analysis of the present situation of gender equality in the Czech Republic’s Ministry
of Education"
The study assesses the present situation of women and men in the Czech Republic’s
Ministry of Youth, Sports and Education, taking into account all degrees of education
and the area of R&D.
"Feministické epistemologie"
"Feminist Epistemologies"
This publication draws on the conference entitled "Women scholars and institutions".
It focuses on gender aspects, functioning of the scientific institutions and on feminist
epistemologies as well as on feminist critiques of science in general.
"Women and science" in Lithuania
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Journal of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
This journal tackles philosophical and sociological issues.
Quarterly, ISSN 0235-7186. Address: Gedimino av. 3, LT-2600, Vilnius.
Jurisprudencija mokslo darbai
Journal of the Law University of Lithuania [Description?]
Quarterly, ISSN 1392-6195. Address: Ateities str. 20, LT-2057, Vilnius.
Politologija
Journal of Political Science published by the Institute of International Relations and
Political Science at the University of Vilnius
Quarterly, ISSN 1392-1681. Address: Didlaukio 39 str. 20, LT- 2057, Vilnius.
Organizacijø vadyba: sisteminiai tyrimai
Management of Organisations: Systematic Research
This publication has been issued by Vytautas Magnus University together with Vilnius
University and Lithuanian Institute of Economics since 1989.
ISSN 1392-1142. Address: S.Daukanto str. 28, 307 k., LT-3000, Kaunas.
Socialiniai mokslai: Vadyba
Socialiniai mokslai: Edukologija
Socialiniai mokslai: Sociologija
Journals of Kaunas University of Technology since 1995.
ISSN 1392-0758. Address: KTU, Vadybos fakultetas, Laisves av. 55, LT-3000,
Kaunas.
Feminizmas, Visuomene, Kultura
Vilnius University’s Women’s Studies Centre
ISSN 1648-1585. Address: Universiteto str. 3-39, LT-2734, Vilnius.
"Women and science" in Slovakia
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Zeny a veda v SAV
Women and Science at the Slovak Academy of Science
Ed.Tatiana Sedova et al., Bratislava VEDA, 2003, pp 249
(in Slovak with a summary in English)
This report consists of seven various contributions presented at the "Women and
science" seminar, held on 28th June 2002 in Bratislava. A substantial part of the
publication is devoted to the results of the extended research into the situation of
women at the Slovak Academy of Science in 2002.
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"Women and science" in Slovenia
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JOGAN Maca, "Career opportunities for women scientists and visible and invisible
sexism in Slovene society". Higher education in Europe, UNESCO, European Center
for Higher Education 1992, vol. 17, no. 2, str. 107-123.
In this article, the author conducts a descriptive and statistical analysis of women
who pursue academic careers and presents the results of an opinion poll of 42 female
professors at the University of Ljubljana.
Raziskovalec: Women in science (ed. Tamara Lah). March 1997, vol.27, no. 1-2.
Raziskovalec (Researcher) is a magazine on research and development policies in
Slovenia. This issue contains articles on women's position in science.
JOGAN Maca, "Položaj znanstvenic v Sloveniji : Univerza - docentke in asistentke:
poročilo raziskovalne naloge."
"The position of female scientists in Slovenia –assistant professors and teaching
assistants"
Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede, 1997. 64 (+10) p.
In this report (written in Slovenian), the author presents the results of an opinion
poll on the position of female scientists. The survey canvassed the views of 41
female assistant professors and 71 female teaching assistants at the universities of
Ljubljana and Maribor.
JOGAN Maca, "Seksizem v vsakdanjem življenju"
"Sexism in Every Day Life"
Zbirka Znanstvena knjižnica, 46, Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede, 2001. VI,
276 p.
One chapter (p. 81-121) of this book (written in Slovenian) is dedicated to the
sociological discourse on sexism in the production of knowledge and in education.
The author explores such topics as androcentrism and the exclusion of women from
the creation of knowledge; male-biased science and the inclusion of gender in
science and education; academic careers and gender inequality in contemporary
Slovenian society.
"Women and science" in Switzerland
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NEW! Women and science in Switzerland: a double perspective
(2001/2002): French and German only.
This document provides a synthesis of the most recent Swiss Federal Statistical
Office (SFSO) data on the position of women in research but also in science and
technology in general. It also provides the results of a survey (Eurobarometer,
carried out in Switzerland by the Science, politics and social observatory at the
Federal Polytechnic of Lausanne) on the attitude of the public, and of women in
particular, to science and technology.
Studies and publications by the Observatory of Science, Politics & Society of the
Lausanne "Ecole polytechnique", on the promotion of women in Science and
Technology higher education.
Leemann Regula Julia, "Chancenungleichheiten im Wissenschaftssystem. Wie
Geschlecht und soziale Herkunft Karrieren beeinflussen", Zürich, 2002.
Although women’s participation in higher education has improved in recent decades,
they are still considerably underrepresentedat the top end of the scientific labour
market.
This publication focuses on inequality in scientific career patterns. It treats issues
concerning the differences between men and women, as well as the relation between
class and gender.
German only
Leemann Regula Julia, Transitions into research careers in Switzerland, in Education
and Training 44, 4/5, 186-198, 2002.
"Schlussbericht von GRIPS Gender: Empfehlungen zur Gleichstellung von Frauen in
der Wissenschaft und zur Förderung von Gender Studies", Bern, 2001.
Final report of GRIPS Gender: recommendations applying to gender equality in
science and support of gender studies
At the beginning of 2000, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) entrusted a
"groupe de réflexion", composed of both internal and external experts, with the
analysis of gender-relevant problems in SNF-backed research activities and the
presentation of recommendations for any measures to be taken in this respect. The
report is available in French or German (PDF, 178 Kb)
Barben Marie-Louise, Ryter Elisabeth, Mehr Dozentinnen an die Fachhochschulen! –
Empfehlungen und Handlungsvorschläge, Bern, 2003.
More women in the teaching corps of HES (High Specialised Schools)
The Federal Office for Professional Education and Technology has commissioned a
study on the subject of how to combat the under-representation of female teachers
at Swiss universities of applied science.
The study is available in French and German (PDF, ~ 300 Kb)
Michel Christine, Bieri Sabin, Imboden Natalie, Seith Corinna, Hochschulreform,
Macht, Geschlecht. "Aktuelle Reformprozesse an Hochschulen aus feministischer
Sicht, Schriftenreihe", BBW 2003 / 2d, Bern, 2003.
This publication gives an overview of the conference organised by the Association
Suisse Femmes Féminisme Recherche on 24 March 2002. The conference focused on
the integration of the gender perspective into ongoing structural reforms in higher
education, or else its consideration as a steering instrument.
Meyer Thomas, Nyffeler Bettina, "Akademische Nachwuchsförderung im
Spannungsfeld zwischen Beruf und Berufung – Sondermassnahmen des Bundes zur
Förderung des akademischen Nachwuchses an den schweizerischen Hochschulen –
Bericht zur qualitativen Befragung 2000", BBW-Schriftenreihe 2001 / 4d, Bern 2001.
This report gives a qualitative view of the results of the evaluation of the specific
measures taken by the Swiss government to promote academic careers. This
qualitative in-depth view reflects the diversity of individual and gendered career
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patterns and situations during their promotion.
The report is available in German and French (PDF – size: 176 Kb)
Page Julie, Leemann Julia Regula, "Karriere von Akademikerinnen – Bedeutung des
Mentoring als Instrument der Nachwuchsförderung", BBW-Schreiftenreihe 2000 / 1d,
Bern 2000.
This publication gives an overview of the conference held on 27 March 1999 on the
topic of female academics and careers and the importance of mentoring as an
instrument for promoting academic careers‘. It highlights the importance of
mentoring as an instrument for reaching gender equality in higher education.
Language: German and partially in French
The Swiss Federal Statistics Office publishes annual gender-specific statistic in the
education and higher education sector in the "Statistik der Schweiz" series.
Languages: German, French, and partially in Italian and English
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"Women and science" in Turkey
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Türkiye’de Kadın 2001. Ankara:T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü ve Sorunları Genel
Müdürlüğü, 2001. ISBN:975-19-2827-3. Published by the Prime Ministry of the
Turkish Republic. Only in Turkish
Cinsiyete Dayalı Ayrımcılık: Türkiye’de Eğitim Sektörü Örneği. Ankara:T.C.
Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü ve Sorunları Genel Müdürlüğü, 1999. ISBN:975-192328-X. Published by the Prime Ministry of the Turkish Republic. Only in Turkish
Kadın Yazıları: Kadınların Edebiyat Ürünleri, Kadınlar Üzerine Yazılanlar ve Tezler
Bibliyografyası 1955-1990. İstanbul: Kadın Eserleri Kütüphanesi ve Bilgi Merkezi
Vakfı Yayınları (16), 2000. ISBN:975-7306-55-X. Published by the Women’s Library
and Bilgi Merkezi Foundation.