Chapter 13 Study Guide
Manifest Destiny 1810-1853
I. Trails West pgs. 393-397
Jedediah Smith – was a leader of an expedition to find a route through the
Rocky Mountains.
Mountain Men – they were fur trappers and explorers.
Jim Beckwourth – famous as a rugged loner.
Rendezvous – a meeting.
Land Speculator – a person who buys huge areas of land for a low price and
then sells off small sections of it at high prices.
Santa Fe Trail – a trail that began in Missouri and ended in Santa Fe, New
Mexico.
William Becknell – Missouri trader that sets out with hardware, clothes and
china for Santa Fe.
Marcus & Narcissa Whitman – the first whites to cross the continent to Oregon
they were missionaries.
Mormons – they settled in Utah, were members of the Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-Day Saints.
Joseph Smith – had founded the Church of Jesus Christ in upstate New York in
1830.
Brigham Young – the next Mormon leader, moved his people out of the United
States.
II. Texas Revolution pgs. 400-405
Stephen Austin – the son of a bankrupt Missouri mine owner.
Tejano – a person of Spanish heritage who considered Texas his or her home.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna – the Mexican president.
Sam Houston – the only man at the meeting with experience was placed in
command of the Texas army.
William Travis – the leader of the second company of 183 volunteers at the
Alamo.
Juan Seguin – led a band of 25 Tejanos in support of the revolt.
Battle of the Alamo – Texans defended a church called The Alamo against the
Mexican army.
Lone Star Republic – the nickname of the Republic of Texas, given in 1836.
James K. Polk – became the 11th President of the United States, he was known
as America’s first “Dark Horse,” a candidate who received unexpected support.
(Democrat)
Manifest Destiny – the belief that the United States was destined to stretch
across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Zachary Taylor – he was a general to stationed troops on the Northern bank of
the Rio Grande. He was a Whig and president of the U.S. in 1849-1859.
Bear Flag Revolt – the 1846 rebellion by Americans against Mexican rule in
California.
Winfield Scott – he was a general that led the Second Force at Veracruz on the
Gulf of Mexico.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – the 1848 Treaty ending the U.S. war with
Mexico; Mexico ceded nearly ½ of its land to the United States.
Mexican Cession – a vast region given up by Mexico after the war with Mexico,
it included the present day states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona,
and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming.
Forty-Niner – a person who went to California, starting in 1849.
Californio – settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent.
Mariano Vallejo – he was one important Californio, a number of one of the
oldest Spanish families in North America, he owned 250,000 acres of land
John Sutter – a Swiss immigrant, he persuaded the governor to grant him
50,000 acres in the unsettled Sacramento Valley, built a fort on his land and
dreamed of creating his own personal empire based on agriculture.
James Marshall – a carpenter, built a saw mill on the nearby American River, he
found gold.
California Gold Rush – in 1849 large members of people moved to California
because gold had been discovered there.