CARBOHYDRATES
1. Scientists have divided chemical compounds into two groups based primarily on
their presence or absence of carbon. Compounds containing carbon are known as
________________ compounds. Compounds that do not contain carbon are called
_________________ compounds.
2. The four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
____________________, ____________________, ____________________,
and ______________________________.
3. Carbohydrates are an important source of ____________________. Humans are
not able to synthesize carbohydrates from CO2 + H20, but still manage to obtain
carbohydrates. Humans must eat ____________________ to obtain carbohydrates.
4. There are three groups of carbohydrates. They are ____________________,
____________________, and ____________________.
MONOSACCHARIDES (meaning ____________, ____________)
1. What three chemical elements are present in monosaccharides?
_______________________________________________________________
2. How many atoms of carbon are present in a molecule of :
a) glucose __________
b) fructose __________
c) galactose __________
3. Add subscripts to the following to indicate the proper chemical formula.
a) glucose C_H_O_
b) fructose C_H_O_
c) galactose C_H_O_
4. Compare the structural formula of glucose to fructose:
a) How are they similar?
b) How are they different?
c) Thus glucose and fructose are ___________________.
5. Monosaccharides that are not used immediately by the body are combined to form
larger carbohydrate molecules. eg ………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Disaccharides and polysaccharides are formed by a process known as
___________________________. Describe this process (include an illustration)
DISACCHARIDES (double sugars) Disaccharides are formed by chemically joining
two monosaccharide molecules.
1. Look at the molecules of fructose and glucose can you join them together?
YES/NO
2. Glucose monomer + fructose monomer = ____________________, the main
carbohydrate in plant sap.
3. Write the chemical formula for sucrose by adding together the molecular formulas
for glucose and fructose then subtracting water ____________________.
4. Different disaccharide molecules can be made by joining other monosaccharides in
different combinations.
a) glucose + galactose = ____________________.
b) glucose + glucose = ____________________.
5. Glucose is C6H12O6. What is the formula for maltose? ____________________.
6. How does the chemical formula for maltose compare to sucrose? __________
POLYSACCHARIDES (complex sugars) polymers of hundreds/thousands of
monosaccharides linked together by …………………………………………………………………………….
1. Common examples of polysaccharides are ____________________, a storage
polysaccharide in plants, ____________________, a storage polysaccharide in
animals, ___________________, the most abundant organic compound on Earth
2. List three examples of food that contain polysaccharides. __________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Polysaccharides may be split to form monosaccharides.
This is called ___________________________________ and is the reverse of
____________________ because a ________________ is required in the
reaction.