ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of LIFE!! All living organisms require 4 types of Organic Compounds: 1. 2. 3. 4. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids **All contain**: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen 1. Carbohydrates • • • All carbs contain C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio Functions: Energy & structural support Exist as: a. Monosaccharides b. Disaccharides c. polysaccharides a. Monosaccharide “simple sugar” 3 Forms 1. Glucose - made by plants; source of energy 2. Fructose - found in fruits; Sweetest!! 3. Galactose – found in milk These are ISOMERS – same chemical formula but different structures. b. Disaccharide “double sugar” 3 Forms 1. Sucrose – Table Sugar glucose + fructose 2. Maltose - Malt Sugar glucose + glucose 3. Lactose – Milk Sugar glucose + galactose •How do monosaccharides form disaccharides? • Hydrolysis • Dehydration synthesis c. Polysaccharide “Many Sugars” 3 Forms – All composed of repeating units of glucose. 1. Glycogen – Energy storage in animals. (Liver & Muscles) 2. Starch - Energy storage in plants (Roots, Stems, Leaves) 3. Cellulose - Gives strength & rigidity to plant cell (Fiber Prevents Colon Cancer) Pectin & Carrageenan