CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
HOW FAR IS CUBA FROM
THE COAST OF FLORIDA?
•90 MILES
AFTER THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, WHAT
COUNTRY’S CORPORATIONS CONTROLLED
MUCH OF THE COMMERCE OF CUBA?
•THE UNITED STATES
BACKGROUND
CUBA, SMALL ISLAND, 90
MILES FROM FL
U.S. BUSINESSES
CONTROLLED MUCH OF
CUBA, U.S. MILITARY BASE
(GUANTANAMO)
1959, FIDEL CASTRO
OVERTHROWS BATISTA (USBACKED DICTATOR)
Castro enters Havana 1959
WHAT HAPPENED THAT
WORSENED U.S.-CUBAN
RELATIONS AFTER CASTRO TOOK
POWER?
•CASTRO NATIONALIZED U.S.
INDUSTRIES, I.E. SUGAR
RELATIONS WORSEN
CASTRO TAKES OVER U.S.
BUSINESSES
JANUARY 1961, US BREAKS OFF
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS
APRIL, 1961, BAY OF PIGS – 1,400
ANTI-CUBAN EXILES ATTEMPTED TO
OVERTHROW CASTRO
BY AUTUMN 1962, CUBA HAS
RECEIVED 1000S OF USSR MISSILES,
JETS, BOATS & PERSONNEL
Kruschev embraces Castro
WHY WAS THE USSR INTERESTED IN HELPING CUBA?
TO HELP A NEW COMMUNIST STATE
TO GET A LAUNCH BASE FOR INTER-CONTINENTAL MISSILES
(ICMS)
TO TEST STRENGTH OF NEW U.S. PRESIDENT, JFK
KHRUSHCHEV WANTED TO FORCE JFK TO BARGAIN OVER U.S.
MISSILES IN EUROPE
Why does this cartoonist
think that Khrushchev was
interested in Cuba?
14 OCTOBER 1962, U.S. U-2 SPY PLANE TAKES PHOTOS
OF SUSPECTED USSR MISSILE SITES IN CUBA
• MISSILE SITES NEARING COMPLETION, COULD BE
READY IN 7 DAYS
20 Soviet ships bound for Cuba carrying missiles!
THE MISSILES:
The world holds
its breath….
AIR STRIKE


OPTIONS
AT LEAST AGAINST MISSILE SITES, AND PERHAPS AGAINST WIDER TARGETS
MAY PROVOKE A SOVIET RESPONSE IN WEST BERLIN
DO NOTHING
 IGNORE MISSILES IN CUBA.
 U.S. HAD MILITARY BASES IN 127 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES INCLUDING CUBA.
 U.S. HAD NUCLEAR MISSILES IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES CLOSE TO THE SOVIET UNION.
 THEREFORE, ONLY RIGHT THAT THE SOVIET UNION SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO PLACE MISSILES IN CUBA.
DIPLOMACY/NEGOTIATE
 OFFER THE SOVIET UNION A DEAL
 USSR REMOVE MISSILES IN CUBA U.S. WITHDRAW ITS NUCLEAR MISSILES FROM TURKEY AND ITALY.
MILITARY BLOCKADE
•
•
•
USE THE US NAVY TO BLOCK ANY MISSILES FROM ARRIVING IN CUBA
ANNOUNCE THAT ANY SHIPS COMING INTO CUBA WOULD BE SEARCHED FOR WEAPONS BEFORE ENTERING
SOVIET SHIPS COULD DECIDE TO NOT STOP WHEN U.S. SHIPS BLOCKED THEM WHICH COULD TRIGGER
GUNFIRE AND POSSIBLE ESCALATION
INVASION
 SEND TROOPS TO OVERTHROW CASTRO
 MISSILES COULD THEN BE PUT OUT OF ACTION
NUCLEAR WEAPONS
•
USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS AGAINST CUBA AND/OR THE SOVIET UNION.
WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?
1. Air Strike
2. Do Nothing
3. Diplomacy/Negotiate
4. Military Blockade
5. Invasion
6. Nuclear Weapons
With a partner, rank the options from your most preferred option to your least preferred option
WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED?
10/20--JFK DECIDES TO
BLOCKADE CUBA
10/22-- PUBLICLY CALLS
ON KHRUSHCHEV TO
REMOVE WEAPONS
10/24 SOVIET SHIPS
(ACCOMPANIED BY
SUBMARINE) APPROACH
BLOCKADE ZONE
10/24, 10:32 AM, SOVIET
SHIPS STOP & TURN ROUND
WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?
10/25-- PHOTOS SHOW CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION OF MISSILE
SITES
10/26--KENNEDY RECEIVES OFFER: WE’LL REMOVE MISSILES IF
YOU END BLOCKADE & PROMISE NOT TO INVADE CUBA
10/27--JFK RECEIVES 2ND LETTER CALLING FOR WITHDRAWAL OF
US MISSILES IN TURKEY TOO
10/28--KHRUSHCHEV AGREES TO
DISMANTLE SOVIET MISSILES IN
CUBA
U.S. PUBLICLY DECLARES IT WILL
NEVER INVADE CUBA & SECRETLY
AGREES TO DISMANTLE MISSILES
IN TURKEY
What is this cartoonist trying to say about the
difficulties facing Kennedy during the Crisis?
OUTCOME
CUBA REMAINED COMMUNIST & HEAVILY ARMED, BUT
WITHOUT NUCLEAR MISSILES
WORLD SAW THE FUTILITY OF THE IDEA OF MUTUALLY
ASSURED DESTRUCTION (MAD)
SUPPORTED THEORY OF CONTAINMENT & CO-EXISTENCE
BECAUSE ALTERNATIVES UNIMAGINABLE
PERMANENT HOTLINE BETWEEN WHITE HOUSE & KREMLIN
SET UP
U.S. & U.S.S.R NEGOTIATE A NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY
SS5H8 THE STUDENT WILL DESCRIBE THE
IMPORTANCE OF KEY PEOPLE, EVENTS, AND
DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 1950-1975
a.
DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS AND THE VIETNAM WAR.
EQ. WHY DID THE US HELP SOUTH VIETNAM?
HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER NATIONS IN LIMITING AND CONTAINING COMMUNISM
OR SOCIALISM IN THE WORLD?
HOW WAS VIETNAM UNLIKE ANY WAR WE HAD FOUGHT?
THE VIETNAM WAR (DURING THE COLD
WAR)
Pages 422 through 427
MAIN IDEA
The US fought a war against communism in Vietnam. (1954-1973)
Vietnam was a French colony. France and Vietnam decided to split the country into:
-North Vietnam (became communist)
-South Vietnam (became free)
A group of communist in South Vietnam tried to overthrow South Vietnam's free government.
--Communist fighters in the south were called the “Vietcong”. They were supported by North Vietnam.
-At first, the US only sent advisors and supplies.
-In 1965, the US started sending troops.
US
INVOLVEMENT
EQ. What did the Vietcong do to fight against the technology of the US?
THE VIETNAM WAR (DURING THE
COLD WAR)
The North Vietnamese army joined the Vietcong in attacks against US troops.
FIGHTING As fighting increased, Lyndon B. Johnson sent more troops to help South Vietnam.
INCREASES The US had advanced technology: tanks, bombers, helicopters
The Vietcong did not have advanced weapons. They fought in small groups, used tunnels and the jungle to
hide. (The Vietcong were fast moving.) Even the US had better technology, the Vietcong controlled most of the
south.
Anti=against
THE ANTIWAR
Main Idea  Many people in the US were against the war.
MOVEMENT
Reasons for the antiwar movement Losing troops and cost of the war
TV brought images of the war into US homes every night.
What people saw - difficult battles, effects of US bombing on civilians,
OPINIONS
Stop communism vs. stay out of the war
PROTESTING
& DEMONSTRATIONS
Draft-when needed, the US chose which young men would go to war. This upset many people.
Many citizens participated in demonstrations against the war.
EQ. What did the Vietcong do to fight against the technology of the US?
THE VIETNAM WAR (DURING THE
COLD WAR)
GETTING OUT OF
THE WAR
President Richard Nixon –started bringing troops home, at the same time the US increased bombing
N. Vietnam, S. Vietnam, & the US signed a cease-fire.
US soldiers came home. Communist kept attacking. N. Vietnam defeated South Vietnam.
Over 55,000 US troops died.
The US lost this war against the spread of communism in Vietnam.
EQ. What did the Vietcong do to fight against the technology of the US?
THE VIETNAM WAR
THE CONFLICT IN VIETNAM
•DURING THE COLD WAR (1950S-1960S) THE UNITED STATES TRIED TO STOP
THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM.
•VIETNAM WANTED INDEPENDENCE FROM THE FRENCH AND WON IT IN 1954
•VIETNAM WAS SPLIT INTO NORTH AND SOUTH VIETNAM
•NORTH VIETNAM WAS COMMUNIST. SOUTH VIETNAM WAS NON-COMMUNIST
•IN THE 1960S, A GROUP OF COMMUNISTS IN SOUTH VIETNAM WANTED TO
REMOVE THE NON COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT
CONFLICT
THE
FIGHTING
•THE COMMUNIST FIGHTERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM WERE CALLED THE VIETCONG
•AT FIRST, THE UNITED STATES MILITARY HELP THEM WITH ADVISORS AND
SUPPLIES
•IN 1965, THE USA BEGAN SENDING SOLDIERS TO FIGHT IN VIETNAM
•THE U.S TROOPS USED ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY: HELICOPTERS, TANKS AND
BOMBERS.
•DESPITE THE U.S POWERFUL WEAPONS, THE VIETCONG CONTROLLED MOST OF
SOUTH VIETNAM
WHO IS THE ENEMY?
•THE VIETCONG LIVED AMONG
CIVILIANS IN VIETNAMESE CITIES
AND VILLAGES.
•THE VIETCONG USED GUERILLA
TACTICS TO COMBAT U.S. MILITARY
SUPERIORITY.
•JUNGLES MADE FIGHTING DIFFICULT.
FIGHTING THE WAR IN VIETNAM
THE
U.S
TACTICS
TO
FIGHT
•THE U S MILITARY USED A VARIETY OF TACTICS TO FIGHT THE WAR IN
THE WAR
VIETNAM.
•SOLDIERS WERE SENT ON DEADLY “SEARCH & DESTROY” MISSIONS INTO
THE JUNGLES TO FIND THE VIETCONG.
•IN THE US, TV BROADCASTS REPORTED DEATHS, ATROCITIES,
DECLINING TROOP MORALE, & LACK OF GAINS IN THE WAR.
•MY LAI MASSACRE 1968.
U.S TROOPS IN VIETNAM
A VICIOUS WAR
•AS THE FIGHTING IN VIETNAM CONTINUED, THE COSTS OF THE WAR
GREW (BILLIONS OF DOLLARS SPENT)
ANTIWAR
MOVEMENT
•MORE ANDTHE
MORE SOLDIERS
WERE DYING.
•THE MEDIA SHOWED THE TERRIBLE EFFECT OF THE UNITED STATES AIR
BOMBINGS ON CIVILIANS.
•AMERICANS PROTESTED AT ANTIWAR MARCHES AND
DEMONSTRATIONS.
THE PROTESTS
GETTING OUT OF VIETNAM AND NORTH
VIETNAM TAKES OVER
•RICHARD NIXON BECAME PRESIDENT IN JANUARY 1969. HE BEGAN TO
BRING TROOPS HOME FROM VIETNAM.
•IN 1973, NORTH VIETNAM, SOUTH VIETNAM AND THE UNITED SATES
SIGNED A CEASE-FIRE: (AN AGREEMENT TO STOP THE FIGHTING)
•ONCE THE U.S TROOPS WERE GONE, THE COMMUNISTS BEGAN
ATTACKING AGAIN.
•TWO YEARS LATER, NORTH VIETNAM DEFEATED SOUTH VIETNAM.
IN THE END…
•OVER 55,000 AMERICANS HAD DIED.
•THE NATION HAD LOST ITS BATTLE TO STOP
COMMUNISM IN VIETNAM.
•THE VIETNAM WAR DEEPLY DIVIDED PEOPLE AND COST
MANY AMERICANS AND VIETNAMESE LIVES.
Nuclear weapons stockpiles
Espionage