Chapter 10: Renaissance and
Discovery
Section 5: Voyages of Discovery
and the New Empires in the West
and East
By Dallin F. Hardy
The Portuguese Chart the
Course

Prince Henry “The Navigator”

Venetian Monopoly

Europeans only access to
spices

Eastern Sea Route

To bypass

Venetian monopoly

Portuguese Exploration


Coast of Africa
Sought



Gold
Sea-route to the East
15th century

Took the lead in exploration
in

Legend of Prester John

Bartholomew Dias


1487
Reached

Tip of Africa

Vasco da Gama


1498
Sailed to India

Portuguese Colonies


Goa
Calcutta
The Spanish Voyages of Columbus

Christopher Columbus

Sought a shorter route to


East
By sailing west across

Atlantic Ocean

The "Colombus map" was drawn circa 1490 in the workshop of
Bartolomeo and Christopher Colombus in Lisbon.
Handwritten notes by Christopher Colombus on the latin edition of Marco Polo's Le livre
des merveilles.

Ferdinand and Isabella

Sponsored

Columbus's venture

Departure of Columbus


August 3, 1492
From

Canary Islands

Replicas of the Niña, Pinta and Santa Maria sailed from Spain to
the Chicago Columbian Exposition.

An Unknown Journey

Discovery of the New
World

October 12, 1492

Japan & India?

Columbus

Japan


First landfall
India

“Admiral of the Seas”

Christopher Columbus

Viceroy

New World

Amerigo Vespucci

Explored

Coastline of


South America
Name was given to


New World
“America”

Circumnavigation of the Earth


1519-1521
Ferdinand Magellan

New World

Spanish Empire

Extended to

Americas

Atlantic Exchange

Trade between

New & Old worlds
The Spanish Empire in the New
World

Aztec Empire

Central Mexico

Conquistadors

Sought



Gold
Glory
God

Hernando Cortes


1519
Landed in Mexico

New Spain


1519-1821
First governed by

Hernando Cortes

Inca Empire

Andean South America

Peru

Francisco Pizarro

1532

Landed on the Coast of

South America
The Conquest of Two Empires

Europeans


Advanced technology
Highly advanced

Weapons



Steel
Guns
 Gunpowder
Horses

Natives

Lived in


Stone age
Susceptible to

European diseases


Small pox
Civil Wars
The Church in Spanish America

Church in New Spain

Roman Catholic priests

Sought to convert the

Indians

Bartolome de Las Casas

Critic of Spanish
conquistadors
The Economy and Exploitation

Colonial Economy of
New Spain



Mining
Agriculture
Shipping

Mining

Precious metals


Gold
Silver

Agriculture

Hacienda


Large landed estate owned
by a Spaniard
Social classes


Peninsulares
Creole
The Impact on Europe

Economic Impact

Gold from America

Virtues of Capitalism

13th & 14th centuries

Continuation of Capitalism


15th & 16th Centuries
Powerful banking families


Medicis
Fuggers

Election of an Emperor


1519
Charles V