COMPOUND
BINARY COVALENT
two nonmetals only
- the most
electropositive
element first
- the most
electronegative
element second
- use prefixes in the
name to show the #s
of each atom in the
compound
- the prefix mono
isdropped from the
first element
- doesn’t apply to H
compounds
- attach the suffix “ide”
to the 2nd element
eg. P2O5 diphosphorus
pentoxide
SO3 sulphur trioxide
IONIC
at least one metallic and one nonmetallic element present
BINARY
two elements only
UNIVALENT
METAL
MULTIVALENT
METAL
ie. Group 1 & 2
metals and Al3+,
Zn2+ and Ag1+
ie. All other metals
- metal 1st with
no name
change
- non-metal 2nd
and with the
suffix changed
to “-ide”
eg. CaCl2 calcium
chloride
POLYATOMIC
more than two elements
UNIVALENT
METAL OR
POSITIVE ION
WITH KEY
ANION
WITH ANION
DERIVED FROM
KEY
HYDRATE
salts containing
bound water
WITH ACID ANION
ie. Group 1 & 2
metals and Al3+,
Zn2+ and Ag1+ AND
+1
H1+ and NH
4
- metal 1st
- Roman numeral
in brackets to
show charge on
the metal ion
- non-metal 2nd
with the suffix
“-ide”
eg. FeCl3 –
iron (III)
chloride
- same as with
Binary elements
eg. Ca2+ - Calcium
MULTIVALENT
METAL
- same as with
Binary elements
eg. Sn2+ - tin(II)
- name the ionic
salt then by the
prefix for the #
of H2O
molecules and
then the word
hydrate
eg. CaCl2·2H2O calcium chloride
dihydrate
- name the
- name the derived
memorized
anion based upon
key anion
the key anions
list (see
using the following
over)
rules;
eg.. SO
-2
,
4
−2
CrO 4 , etc.
1 more O: per___ate
1 less O :
___ite
2 less O : hypo___ite
eg. Ca(ClO2)2 calcium chlorite
Sn(ClO)2 tin(II) hypochlorite
- name the acid anion
by using prefixes to
denote the # of H’s
combined with the
anion then followed
by the anion name
eg. SnHPO4 tin (II) hydrogen
phosphate
Sn(H2PO3)2 tin (II) dihydrogen
phosphite
Page 9 of 15
POLYATOMIC IONS
AND THEIR NAMES
-2
SO4
sulphate
-3
PO4
phosphate
-2
CO3
carbonate
-1
NO3
nitrate
-1
ClO3
chlorate
-1
BrO3
bromate
-1
IO3
iodate
-2
CrO4
chromate
-2
Cr2O7
dichromate
-1
CH3CO2
acetate
-1
C2H3O2
acetate
C2O −4 2
-1
MnO4
S2O −2
3
-1
OH
CN-1
OCN-1
SCN-1
+1
NH4
oxalate
permanganate
thiosulphate
ARCHAIC ION NAMES
AND THEIR CHARGES
GREEK PREFIXES
Cu+1
Cu+2
cuprous
cupric
1/2
hemi
1
mon
Fe+2
Fe+3
ferrous
ferric
2
di
3
tri
4
tetra
5
penta
6
Hg+1
Hg+2
mercurous
mercuric
Sn+2
Sn+4
stannous
stannic
Pb+2
Pb+4
plumbous
plumbic
Au+1
Au2+
aurous
auric
Co+2
Co+3
cobaltous
cobaltic
Sb+3
Sb+5
stibnous
stibnic
ACID NOMENCLATURE RULES
NB - use these rules when naming the water
solutions of hydrogen compounds
I
hydrogen _____ide : hydro_____ic acid
II hydrogen _____ate : _____ic acid
III hydrogen _____ite : _____ous acid
eg.
H2S(aq)
hydrosulphuric acid
hexa
HClO4 (aq)
perchloric acid
7
hepta
H3PO3 (aq)
phosphorous acid
8
octa
9
nona
10
deca
hydroxide
cyanide
cyanate
thiocyanate
ammonium
Page 10 of 15