US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
Discussion 3-1
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
I
Introduction – The historical context of the early European colonies
A. Two large continents that had developed separately in terms of human development and ecologically
B. Two vastly different societies with different technologies and comfort levels (not necessarily measured in civilized v. uncivilized)
C. One of these societies travels months across the ocean in primitive sea vessel with a handful of people looking to
sustain themselves and establish a community
D. What are the difficulties these groups face?
1. Fear of the unknown
E.
2.
Where their food source would come from?
3.
What would they use for shelter?
4.
What types of foreign danger was going to present itself?
What motivated these people to risk their lives?
1.
Money, get rich quick!
2.
The adventure
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
Discussion 3-1
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
F.
3.
Lack of support of a future at home
4.
A new opportunity
What were the real questions
1.
How could they survive in such a harsh environment so total different from what they were prepared
for?
2.
Were they really prepared to work together to survive or were they looking for others to take care of
them?
3.
Were the riches just sitting there, did these people realize how hard it would be to find or recognize the
riches?
4.
How would they clear the land and establish shelter and protect themselves?
5.
How would they find food?
6.
What about the rumors of these ‘other people” the natives?
7.
Realistically, could they survive?
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
Discussion 3-1
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
II
Timeline of early colonies
1492
1497
Columbus (Spain) lands in the Bahamas
John Cabot (England) explores the Atlantic Coast
1499
1513
1519
1524
Amerigo Vespucci lands ion S America, given credit for discovery of the continent (1507)
Ponce De Leon (Spain) lands in Florida
Cortez (Spain) conquers the Aztecs
Verrazano (France) explores the Carolinas
1565
1585
1588
1607
Fist European colony established by Spain in Florida
Roanoke – 1585
England defeats Spain in a war and emerges as the dominant world power, Spain declines
Jamestown (Virginia Colony)
1609
1613
1616
1619
Tobacco harvested by Virginia Co
Dutch trading post in NY area
Smallpox epidemic breaks out in New England area
House of Burgesses convenes in Jamestown – first legislative (European) assembly
1619
1620
Twenty Africans brought by Dutch ship to Jamestown
Mayflower sails into Plymouth Mayflower Compact is signed which establishes a local government
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
III
Understand the Historical Context
A. Population and economy in Europe was growing
B.
Technology and overall living conditions were improving
C.
The quest for wealth becomes even greater
D. The motivation for people to move farther evolves
IV
E.
European Explorers evolves into European Invaders
F.
Once explored then invaded to extract wealth leads to colonization
The definition of a colony
Colony comes from the Latin colonia, meaning "settled land, farm." Colony also means a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.
V
Why were some colonies able to survive – A contrasting look at Roanoke and Jamestown
Roanoke (1585)
A. Around 1580, the English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh made a deal with Queen Elizabeth I to establish an
English colony in America. He was given ten years and a share in the riches that were found. Raleigh did not
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
personally go, but his first expedition sailed in 1584 to find a good location.
B. Roanoke Island, off of North Carolina. It's located inside the outer banks, a long string of narrow sand spit
islands that shelter half the coast of North Carolina. Roanoke is fertile, defensible, well wooded, and offers
substantial protected anchorage for ships. But Raleigh's expedition made some poor choices. The fought with
the local natives, charging them for petty theft, burning their village, and beheading their chief.
C. Sir Francis Drake happened by and finding the men in poor condition, he gave them a lift back to England. What nobody knew was that Raleigh's second ship was already on its way. The two ships passed each
other in the Atlantic, and the new group found an abandoned settlement. They returned to England, but left
a small garrison of fifteen men on Roanoke to protect Raleigh's claim The garrison was unaware of the bad
diplomacy they'd inherited, and they were never seen or heard from again.
D. Raleigh sent a third expedition to Roanoke in 1587, larger and better provisioned than the predecessors,
commanded by Roanoke veteran John White. White re-established the Roanoke settlement, but failed to rebuild relations with the natives. They sometimes skirmished, and being vastly outnumbered feared for their
lives. As this was the first colony to include women and children, including White's daughter and her family,
he was persuaded to return to England with a skeleton crew to ask Raleigh for help. With relocating the colony as an acknowledged possibility, White left instructions that if the colonists did choose to move in his absence, to carve their destination on a certain tree; and that if they were in trouble, to also carve a maltese
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
cross. Arrived in England, White found that the war with Spain had complicated matters, and it was three
years before he was finally able to return with an armed party and the needed supplies.
E. Unfortunately, there was nobody on Roanoke to receive them. The camp had been tidily dismantled;
there had been no sudden massacre. White went to the tree and found a single carved word, Croatoan, and
no carved cross. Wherever they'd gone, their departure appeared to have been orderly and planned, and they
had not been in any immediate danger.
F. Croatoan was a barrier island about 35 miles south of Roanoke. It was one home of the Croatoan natives,
who were friendly to the English. It would seem to have been a logical destination, had food run out on Roanoke or if there had been some other cause to leave.
G. Unfortunately, the weather had plans for John White that did not include allowing him to make the short
hop to Croatoan to find his colony. A storm came in just as they arrived at Roanoke, and White's ship lost its
main anchor. The combination of storm waves and wind, and a lost anchor, made it impossible to safely navigate the coastal islands and to land anywhere. The captain of the ship hired by White was anxious to get back
to the more profitable business of privateering against Spain, and rather than his risk his vulnerable ship in a
dangerous and fruitless coastal search, he opted to return to England. White arrived home empty handed nobody ever again heard of Sir Walter Raleigh's lost colony of Roanoke. It was the end of their story, and also
the beginning of their legend.
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
H. Colonies ultimately did take root in America, and it seems that those early colonists closest to Roanoke
may have learned something of what became of them. The lost colony did eventually have neighbors, but
they came some 25 years later and some 125 miles of sailing to the north. It was 1607 when a more permanent colony was finally established in Virginia: Jamestown, named after King James. Jamestown struggled
badly in its first years, and most of its colonists died from starvation or disease. They had few resources and
never mounted an expedition to Croatoan to see what had become of their predecessors.
I. The late Irish historian David Beers Quinn was probably our most knowledgeable scholar on the Roanoke
colony. He devoted his career to the study of the colonization of America. Quinn's theory, developed after
decades of studying many such accounts, is that the colonists abandoned Croatoan and separated into two
groups. One group peacefully assimilated into the Carolina tribes to the west, and the other group went north
to live with the friendly Chesapeake, reasoning that Virginia was the most likely place to which any future
English colonists might come. We know that any who went north ultimately died, either naturally or at the
hands of the Powhatan, but the fate of those who went to the Carolina mainland is less clear.
J. Quinn's theory is based on historical study, and needs only archaeological and genealogical evidence to
back it up. There is archeological evidence that the colonists may have lived for a time on Croatoan, though
it's not conclusive. Alongside artifacts of the Croatoan natives, a gold ring was found bearing the family crest
of the Kendall family, and there was a Master Kimball in the original Roanoke colony. However two English
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
copper farthings were also found on Croatoan, but they were not produced until the 1670's, nearly a century
too late to have belonged to anyone who was in the colonies at the time of Roanoke.
K. The DNA evidence supporting Quinn's theory may prove to be more revealing. Several different groups
throughout the United States are currently analyzing DNA test results looking for clues to whether the colonists' genes survive today. Native populations at the time were quite small, and so it's more than likely that
intermarriage would leave a substantial genetic footprint. In an article published in 2005 in the Journal of
Genetic Genealogy, researcher Roberta Estes gave a thorough rundown of what's known so far, and unfortunately, the strongest point made is that there is insufficient data.
L. The Dare Stones - In September of that year Louis Hammond, a produce dealer, was hunting hickory nuts
near Edenton, North Carolina. He stumbled upon a stone with a strange inscription that he could not identify.
He took the stone to Emory University where it was examined by history professor, Dr. Haywood Pearce. Dr.
Pearce identified the inscription as being Elizabethan English and determined that the stone was a written
record of what had happened to the “Lost Colony”.
M. Over the next four years a total of forty-six stones were found in a line between Edenton, NC to an area
southwest of Atlanta, GA, along the Chattahoochee River. Most of the stones were found along river beds.
Chowan River, near Edenton, NC, Saluda River, near Greenville, SC and Chattahoochee River, GA were three
locations that yielded most of the carved stones which would be named the “Dare Stones”. The stones would
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
tell a story of a long journey (500 miles) that would take nearly two years, during which, the Roanoke settlers
were forced to leave the island to escape hostile native tribes. Aided by friendly natives, the party escaped
north on the Chowan river where they encountered a hostile tribe who massacred over half of the Roanoke
settlers. The remaining settlers escaped the attack and travelled southwest toward modern day Atlanta,
GA. It would be on the first leg of the journey, to the Saluda River, that Eleanor Dare lost her only daughter,
Virginia, and her husband, Ananias. The party continued on the south western track, leaving stones along
the way which gave accountings of different events and loss of life among the party and speaking of one native who had been sent back toward Roanoke to look for her father, Governor John White.
Jamestown
A.
Much of what has been taught in the past about the New World encountered by the colonists at
Jamestown turns out to be wrong. In movies and textbooks the colonists are often depicted as arriving in
a pristine forest of ancient trees, small bands of Indians gliding, silent as ghosts, beneath the canopy. But
the idea that the English were "settlers" of land that was unsettled before they arrived is complete nonsense. In fact, three English ships landed in the middle of a small but rapidly expanding Indian empire
called Tsenacomoco.
B.
Tsenacomoco was a group of six separate chiefs. By the time the foreigners came from overseas,
its primary chief, Powhatan, had tripled its size to about 8,000 square miles and more than 14,000 peo-
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
ple. Powhatan was probably in his 60s when the English landed. His sphere of influence stretched from
the Potomac to Cape Henry.
C.
Most of Powhatan's people lived in villages of a few hundred inhabitants surrounded by large
tracts of cleared land: cornfields and former cornfields, the landscape was unfenced. By a quirk of evolutionary history, North America had, except for dogs, no large domesticable mammals; its native villagers had no need to enclose their fields.
D.
The new colony was a private enterprise funded by a group of venture capitalists called the Virginia Company. Much like investors today the backers wanted a quick return. They believed, incorrectly,
that the Chesapeake Bay region was laden, with vast stores of gold and silver. The goal was to acquire
these precious metals as expeditiously as possible.
E.
English colonists who settled on Roanoke Island 110 miles south of Jamestown in the 1580s may
also have met their end at the hands of a native group—very possibly the Powhatan. Nonetheless the
Virginia Company directors worried more about protecting their investment from distant Spain than
from the Indians. They instructed the colonists to settle far from the ocean, which would minimize the
chance of sudden assault by Spanish ships. And they told them to make sure the settlement was close to
a deep water anchorage, so they could lay up "provisions with ease." In all they did, the directors
warned, the colonists should act with "great care not to offend the naturals [Indians]."
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
F.
Jamestown was the result. Not wanting to antagonize Powhatan, the colonists looked for uninhabited ground. Because native villages occupied all the good land upriver, the colonists ended up picking a site about 35 miles from the mouth of the James. It was a peninsula near a bend in the river, at a
place where the current cut a deep channel so close to the shore that oceangoing ships could be moored
to the trees.
G.
There was a reason no Indians lived at Jamestown: It was not a good place to live. The English
ended up with the least desirable property. Their chosen site was marshy, mosquito-ridden, and without
fresh water. Water was potable only part of the year. During the summer, the river falls as much as 15
feet. No longer pushed back by a big flow of fresh water, the salty water of the estuary spreads upstream, stopping right around Jamestown. Worse, sediments and organic wastes from the head of the
river get trapped at the saltwater boundary. The colonists were drinking some of the dirtiest water in
the James River.
H.
By the end of September, nearly half of the original 104 colonists had died. Percy attributed
most of the deaths to "mere famine," but he was wrong, in the view of the late historical geographer
Carville Earle. Instead, the colonists were killed by "typhoid, dysentery, and perhaps salt poisoning." All
are associated with contaminated water. During winter the water would have cleared, but not in time.
Many had been too sick that summer to tend the company gardens. Initially the strangers hoped to trade
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
with the Indians for food while they spent their days hunting for gold, but the region was deep into a
multiyear drought, and the Indians did not want to part with what little food they had. By January, only
38 colonists were alive.
I.
Within months, John Smith took charge of Jamestown. His brutal diplomacy allowed the foreigners to extract enough food from Tsenacomoco villages to survive the next winter. This was quite a feat—
with the arrival of two more convoys, the number of mouths at Jamestown had risen, even with all the
deaths, to about 200. Despite his successes, Smith managed to irritate the Virginia Company's leadership.
Worse for the colony, he left for medical treatment in England in the fall of 1609. He had suffered terrible
burns when a bag of gunpowder he had fastened around his waist accidentally ignited. In his absence, things
deteriorated. That winter, the death toll again was high.
J.
Although Jamestown was nearly defenseless, Powhatan didn't attack. For the first year or two of
the colony's existence, the natives would trade goods—guns, axes, glass beads, and copper sheets, which
the Indians prized much the way Europeans prized gold ingots—were worth giving up some not-veryvaluable real estate. In addition, Powhatan was probably convinced that the colonists would die off with
out his assistance. He could sit back and wait; the invasion from abroad would end itself.
K.
By the beginning of 1610, the settlers at Jamestown were worse off. When John Rolfe arrived
that spring, only about 60 people at Jamestown had survived what was called "the starving time." Ap-
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
palled by what they found and with limited supplies, Rolfe's decided to abandon Jamestown. As they
waited for the tide to turn for their departure, they saw three ships approaching. It was yet another
convoy, this one amply supplied and containing a replacement governor and 150 more colonists. The old
colonists, despondent, returned to the task of figuring out how to survive. It wasn't easy. At least 6,000
people came to Virginia from England between 1607 and 1624. More than three out of four died.
The central mystery of Jamestown is why they were able to prevail over the forces of the Powhatan.
L.
One answer emerging points to what historian Alfred Crosby calls "ecological imperialism." The
colonists replaced or degraded so much of the native ecosystem that they made it harder and harder for
the Indians to survive in their native lands. As the colonists bitterly came to realize that Virginia had no
gold and that the Indians weren't going to selflessly provide them with all the food they needed, they
began to mold the land to their needs. Unable to adapt to this foreign landscape, they transformed it
into a place they could understand. In doing so, they unleashed what would become a multilevel ecological assault on North America. Their unlikely weapons in this initial phase of the campaign: tobacco,
honeybees, and domestic
animals.
M,
Tobacco fueled an addiction for more and more land. The Indians had long grown the crop, but
only in small amounts, and in fields that mixed different plants. Driven by the English demand, the colo-
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
nists covered big stretches of land with tobacco. Neither natives nor newcomers understood the environmental impact of growing it on a massive scale. "Tobacco has an almost unique ability to suck the
life out of soil.”
N.
Even in their own villages and farm fields, the Indians couldn't escape the invasive species
brought by the English—pigs, goats, cattle, and horses. Indians woke up to find free-range cows and
horses romping through their fields, trampling the harvest. The Colonists quickly lost control of them.
The worst may have been the pigs. Smart, strong, constantly hungry, vicious when crossed, they ate
nuts, fruits, shellfish, and corn, turning up the soil with their shovel-like noses in search of edible roots.
O.
But the largest ecological impact may have been wreaked by a much smaller, seemingly benign
domestic animal: the European honeybee. In early 1622, a ship arrived in Jamestown that was a living
exhibit of the Columbian exchange. It was loaded with exotic entities for the colonists to experiment
with: grapevine cuttings, silkworm eggs, and beehives. Most bees pollinate only a few species; they tend
to be fussy about where they live. European honeybees, reside almost anywhere and pollinate almost
anything in sight.
P.
The English imported the bees for honey, not to pollinate crops—pollination wasn't widely understood until the late 19th century—but feral honeybee’s pollinated farms and orchards up and down
the East Coast anyway. Without them, many of the plants the Europeans brought with them wouldn't
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
have proliferated. Georgia probably wouldn't have become the Peach State.
The question arises: If the colonists were pushing Powhatan out, why didn't he push back?
Q.
Clearly the Indians were more numerous and understood the terrain better. They were also well
armed. One answer is that Powhatan was slow to realize the foreigners would not self-destruct after all.
Year after year, they died by the scores, amply proving to him that the English didn't know how to survive
in America. Yet new shiploads just kept coming. Although Powhatan sent representatives to London, he
apparently didn't understand the implications of their reports of its dense population. England could keep
replacing colonists, no matter how many died. By the time he realized this, Powhatan was too old.
R.
History has recorded that the colonists also brought diseases with them. Malaria spread throughout
the East Coast, eventually playing a major part in U.S. history. Without malaria, slaves would have been
less desirable to southern planters: Most people from tropical Africa are resistant to the Malaria parasite.
The disease became especially endemic in the Carolinas, where it crippled the army of British Gen. Charles
Cornwallis during the Revolutionary War. England had by that time drained its marshes and largely been
freed of malaria. Meanwhile, the colonists had become seasoned. "There was a big imbalance. Cornwallis's
army was simply melting away," A critical role was played by what he wryly refers to as "revolutionary mosquitoes." Cornwallis surrendered, effectively ending the war, on October 19, 1781.
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
S.
By then the Columbian exchange was in full swing. The Atlantic coast was dotted with monoculture
fields devoted to such alien crops as wheat, rice, and West Indian tobacco. Black rats from Europe were
devouring Indian corn stores from Maine to Florida. Meanwhile, European farmers were adopting New
World plants like corn, potatoes, and tomatoes; chili peppers, unknown in Asia before Columbus, were on
their way to taking over Indian, Thai, and Chinese kitchens.
T.
No longer maintained by Indian burning, the shrinking forests of the East would become choked
with underbrush—the overgrown, uninhabited "wilderness" celebrated by Thoreau. In the 1800s, the great
grasslands of the Midwest, once kept open by native burning, began filling with trees. With the Indians
vanquished by disease, some archaeologists believe, species they had formerly hunted, such as the passenger pigeon, experienced a population explosion.
U.
On the James River, where the process began, land-clearing sped runoff and increased the river
flow, sweeping aside the mats of vegetation that lined its banks in Powhatan's day. With its plantations,
tobacco fields, and rolling meadows, the landscape of the Chesapeake Bay had been utterly transformed.
It looked more like England than it had when Jamestown began, but it wasn't at all the same. Four centuries ago, the English didn't discover a New World—they created one.
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White
Discussion 3-1
US History ~ Chapter 3 Topic Discussions
E Lundberg
Topic of Discussion – The Early Colonies: A Comparison Study of Roanoke and Jamestown
Chapter Information ~ Ch 3; 4 sections; 29 pages
The English Establish 13 Colonies (1585-1732)
Section 1 ~ Early Colonies Have Mixed Success Pages 60-65
Section 2 ~ New England Colonies
Pages 66-75
Section 3 ~ The Southern Colonies
Pages 76-81
Section 4 ~ The Middle Colonies
Pages 82-85
Key Ideas
Roanoke was not prepared to survive the harsh environment of N America.
The persistence of the Virginia Company of London
allowed Jamestown to survive.
The animals, plants and insects brought over to
Jamestown by the English eventually overcame the
Powhatan tribes.
Related Topics
Dare Stones
The Powhatan tribes
Early Spanish colonies
The start of slavery in North America
Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes
1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups.
2. Taking the land.
3. The individual versus the state.
4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc.
5. Sectionalism.
6. Immigration and Americanization.
7. The change in social class.
8. Technology developments and the environment.
9. Relations with other nations.
10. Historiography, how we know things.
Talking Points
Questions to Think About
What really happened to the Roanoke Colony?
Why did Jamestown survive and Roanoke disappear
Why did Powhatan force the Jamestown colony out?
How was Jamestown able to overcome Powhatan ?
What was the ecological impact Jamestown had on
the Powhatan tribe?
Supporting Materials
Ecological Imperialism by Alfred Crosby
1491 by Charles Mann
1493 by Charles Mann
Solving the Mystery of Roanoke: by Lee Miller
A Witness For Eleanor Dare by Robert White