16
Ⅰ 유형편
PartⅠ
강
문단 요약
Gateway
3-232-128
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
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| 2015 대수능 40번 |
Plato and Tolstoy both assume that it can be firmly established that certain works have
]
certain effects. Plato is sure that the representation of cowardly people makes us cowardly;
the only way to prevent this effect is to suppress such representations. Tolstoy is confident
H who sincerely expresses feelings
's of pride will pass those feelings on to us;] we
that the artist
can no more escape than we could escape an infectious disease. In fact, however, the effects
of art are neither so certain nor so direct. People vary a great deal both in the intensity of
of which that response takes.] Some people may indulge
their response to art and in the form
fantasies of violence by watching a film instead of working out those fantasies in real life.
m.
Others may be disgusted by even glamorous representations of violence. Still others may be
left unmoved, neither attracted nor disgusted.
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Although Plato and Tolstoy claim [that works of art have a(n)
(A)
people’s feelings,] the degrees and forms of people’s actual responses
greatly.
(A)
① unavoidable
③ temporary
⑤ favorable
……
……
……
(B)
differ
fluctuate
differ
(A)
② direct
④ unexpected
……
……
oc
impact on
(B)
(B)
converge
converge
Words & Phrases
•assume 생각[가정]하다
•representation 묘사, 표현
•pride 오만, 자만
•infectious disease 전염병
•intensity 세기, 강도
•disgust 혐오감을 느끼게 하다
•converge 한데 모아지다, 집중되다
102
EBS 수능특강 영어영역
•establish (사실・이론 등을) 입증[확립]하다
•cowardly 비겁한
•suppress 억누르다
•no more ~ than ... …가 아닌 것처럼 ~도 아니다
•neither ~ nor ... ~도 …도 아니다
•vary 다르다, 다양하다
•response 반응
•indulge 충족시키다, 채우다
•glamorous 매력적인
•unmoved 흔들리지 않는, 냉정한
www.ebsi.co.kr
Problem - Solving Strategies
Step
1
먼저 요약문을 읽으면서 이 글의 소재를 파악하고, 지문을 읽을 때 빈칸에 해당하는 부분을 설명하는 문장을 중점적으로
읽는다.
요약문
(A)
플라톤과 톨스토이는 예술 작품이 사람들의 감정에
(B)
술 작품에 대한) 사람들의 실제 반응의 정도와 형식은 크게
(A)
(B)
영향을 끼친다고 주장하지만, (예
(A)
.
(B)
① 피할 수 없는 …… 다르다
② 직접적인
…… 집중된다
③ 일시적인
…… 변동된다
④ 뜻하지 않은 …… 집중된다
⑤ 호의적인
…… 다르다
▶ 이 글은 특정한 예술 작품이 사람들의 감정에 특정한 영향을 끼친다고 여기는 플라톤과 톨스토이의 생각과 그에 대한
필자의 의견에 초점을 맞추어 읽어야 한다.
Step
2
글의 전개 방식을 이해한다.
플라톤과 톨스토이의 공통된 생각 제시
▶ 특정 작품이 특정한 영향을 끼치는 것이 확고하게 입증될 수 있다.
- 플라톤: 비겁한 사람들에 대한 묘사는 우리를 비겁하게 만든다.
- 톨스토이: 오만함의 감정을 표현하는 예술가는 우리에게 그 감정을 전달한다.
전염병을 피할 수 없는 것처럼, 사람들은 예술가가 표현하는 오만함의 감정을 받아들일 수밖에 없다.
vs.
필자의 반론 제시(In fact, however, ~)
작품이 사람들에게 끼치는 영향은 확실하지도 직접적이지도 않으며, 예술 작품에 대한 사람들의 반응의 세기와 그 반응이 취하는
형식은 매우 다양하다.
▶ 폭력에 대한 반응을 통한 예시
- 영화를 보면서 폭력에 대한 공상을 충족시킨다.
- 영화에서 폭력이 매력적으로 표현되더라도 혐오감을 느낀다.
- 영화에 표현된 폭력에 전혀 영향을 받지 않는다.
Step
3
글의 내용을 바탕으로 요약문의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고른다.
(A) 플라톤과 톨스토이는 예술 작품이 사람들의 감정에 특정한 영향을 끼친다고 생각하는데, 톨스토이는 그것이 우리가 전염
병을 피할 수 없는 것과 마찬가지로 피할 수 없는 일이라고 주장한다. → unavoidable(피할 수 없는)
(B) 폭력이 묘사된 영화를 보면서 사람들의 반응이 다른 것처럼, 사람들이 예술 작품에 대해 실제로 느끼는 반응은 크게 다르
다. → differ(다르다)
그러므로 요약문의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은 ①이다.
16강_문단 요약
103
차가 서로 접촉했을 때 속도가 얼마나 빨랐습니까?
차가 서로 부딪혔을 때 속도가 얼마나 빨랐습니까?
차가 서로를 칠 때 속도가 얼마나 빨랐습니까?
차가 서로 충돌 할 때 속도가 얼마나 빨랐습니까?
Exercises
01
.
He is fast.
| 정답과 해설 60`쪽 |
3-232-129
m
He runs fast.
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
In one classic experiment, people=watched a series of car accidents from a driving-safety
video. After watching it, the viewers estimatedfhow fast the cars were traveling before the
µ that they completed]
accident.] Everyone saw exactly the same video, but the questionnaire
used one of five different terms to describe how the vehicles interacted. Some of the viewers
were asked to estimate how fast the cars were going when they hit each other;] others were
asked to estimate ( how fast the cars were going when they smashed, collided, bumped, or
contacted each other. Though everyone saw the same cars involved in the same accidents,
their estimates differed widely. When the accidents were sensationalized, the cars seemed to
be traveling faster: in the minds of viewers, a “smashed” car must have been traveling faster
than a merely “contacted” or “hit” car.
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Although the participants watched the same car accidents on video, their
(A)
5k
of [how fast the cars involved in the accidents were traveling] varied according to how
the accidents were described.
(B)
(A)
① perceptions
② rperceptions
③ measurements
④ demonstrations
⑤ demonstrations
104
EBS 수능특강 영어영역
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
accurately
shockingly
accurately
shockingly
subjectively
'
www.ebsi.co.kr
02
3-232-130
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
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Anyone would be totally dismayed on hearing [that many young people do not know the
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capital of France or think that the Second World War was two hundred years ago. The shock is
not the lack of this specific knowledge itself but rather the fact that it is taken to be expressive
or indicative of a more general state of deep-seated ignorance, a set of qualities such as lack of
interest in [what is around one, indifference and low self-expectation.] If one imagined instead a
the thing that
04
person
young person expressing interest in learning [that
04Paris is the capital of France,] and going on to
ask lots of questions about the city and what a capital is, then in this case, one would not feel
shock or horror, but rather surprise. The point is [that the knowledge in itself is less important
than the state of mind that it illustrates.]
✽dismay 실망시키다
S
!3!
0
*
=a
[] us about young people is the state of mind underlying their
What primarily concerns
, not merely their lack of
.
(A)
(B)
=
①
②
③
④
⑤
thethingthnt
(A)
ignorance
ignorance
selfishness
indifference
indifference
v
……
……
……
……
……
'
~
(B)
knowledge
confidence
confidence
knowledge
competence
16강_문단 요약
105
Exercises
| 정답과 해설 61`쪽 |
03
3-232-131
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
:
. who was then in charge of cancer research at
In one study in 1959 by Dr. J. C. Wright
Bellevue Medical Center in New York,] 15 terminal cancer patients were given instructions to
spend as much time as possible out of doors during the warmer months. They were to avoid
andftindudes
artificial light or light received by the eyes through glass, including sunglasses or reading
V
~
glasses. Dr. Wright had become attracted to the idea [that light energy entering the eyes might
possibly be a growth-regulating factor as far as tumor development was concerned.] Dr. Wright
and her assistants observed [that at the end of summer, 14 of the 15 patients showed no further
5
of whose
advancement in tumor development.] Afterward it was discovered [that the one patient
Hy
condition had gotten worse} had continued to wear prescription glasses which blocked the
ultraviolet portion of natural sunlight from reaching the eyes.
✽tumor 종양
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B
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The study carried out by Dr. J. C. Wright on fifteen terminal cancer patients suggested [that
conducted
entering directly to the eyes may be very effective in
the
(A)
(B)
progression of their cancers.
s
①
②
③
④
⑤
106
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(A)
natural sunlight
artificial light
natural sunlight
heat therapy
artificial light
EBS 수능특강 영어영역
.
=
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
revealing
revealing
stopping
assessing
stopping
www.ebsi.co.kr
04
3-232-132
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
s
:
the entertained
20
DO
An Egyptian executive, after entertaining his Canadian guest, offered him joint partnership
in a new business venture. The Canadian, delighted with the offer, suggested [that they meet
Ghould)
(ashewas)
again the next morning with their respective lawyers to finalize the details.] The Egyptian
never showed up. The surprised and disappointed Canadian tried to understand [what had gone
wrong:] Did Egyptians lack punctuality? Was the Egyptian expecting a counter-offer? Were
lawyers unavailable in Cairo? None of these explanations proved to be correct; rather, the
problem was caused by the different meaning Canadians and Egyptians attach to inviting
which)
lawyers. The Canadian regarded the lawyers’ presence as facilitating the successful
completion of the negotiation; the Egyptian interpreted it as signaling the Canadian’s mistrust
of his verbal commitment. Canadians often use the impersonal formality of a lawyer’s
services to finalize agreements. Egyptians, by contrast, more frequently depend on the
personal relationship between bargaining partners to accomplish the same purpose.
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✽punctuality 시간 엄수
The Egyptian executive and his Canadian counterpart failed to
a joint
(A)
venture because unlike the latter, the former considered the presence of a lawyer as
the potential partnership of mutual trust.
(B)
①
②
③
④
⑤
(A)
expand
expand
establish
establish
publicize
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
threatening
postponing
threatening
postponing
misleading
insist/suggest/order/argue/propose... + that + S + (should) + R
e.g. The Canadian suggested that they (should) meet again.
cf. The witnesses insisted that the accident take place on the crosswalk. (X)
The witnesses insisted that the accident took place on the crosswalk. (O)
16강_문단 요약
107
A cloud of thoughts hang about what goes on today.
Exercises
| 정답과 해설 62`쪽 |
05
3-232-133
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Man differs from the lower animals because he preserves his past experiences. [What
happened in the past] is lived again in memory. About what goes on today hangs a cloud of
thoughts concerning similar things undergone in bygone days. With the animals, an
experience perishes as it happens, and each new doing or suffering stands alone. But man lives
in a world where each occurrence is charged with echoes and reminiscences of what has gone
before, where each event is a reminder of other things.] Hence he lives not, like the beasts of
the field, in a world of merely physical things but in a world of signs and symbols. A flame is
% which warms or burns,] but is a symbol of the enduring life of the
not merely something
~[ to which man returns from
household, of the abiding source of cheer, nourishment and shelter
his casual wanderings.
✽reminiscence 회상(담), 추억(담)
s
tear
an
:
s
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Unlike the lower animals, man is able to
the present with the past in terms
(A)
of the mental processf that codes and decodes {what he has D
.
(B)
①
②
③
④
⑤
108
(A)
identify
identify
relate
relate
contrast
EBS 수능특강 영어영역
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
studied
imagined
imagined
experienced
experienced
www.ebsi.co.kr
06
3-232-134
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
S
ka
n
V
Human beings have a deep capacity for isolationism, for splitting into groups that diverge
from each other. In New Guinea, for instance, there are more than 800 languages, some
and)
spoken in areas just a few miles across yet as not understandable to those on either side as
late)
=but
~
French and English. There are still 7,000 languages spoken on earth and the people who speak
each one] are remarkably resistant to borrowing words, traditions, rituals or tastes from their
neighbors. ‘Whereas vertical transmission of cultural traits goes largely unnoticed, horizontal
transmission is far more likely to be regarded with suspicion or even fierce anger,’ say the
evolutionary biologists
Mark Pagel and Ruth Mace. ‘Cultures, it seems, like to shoot
:
messengers.’ People do their best to cut themselves off from the free flow of ideas,
technologies and habits, limiting the impact of cultural exchange.
✽diverge 갈라지다
0
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andthglimtt
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=
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As is shown by the presence of a wide variety of languages on earth, human beings tend to
s
have an
attitude towards cultural exchange or transmission, seeking to
(A)
and they seek
create
from others.
(B)
(A)
unfriendly
unfriendly
objective
ambiguous
ambiguous
/
①
②
③
④
⑤
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
profits
separation
profits
respect
separation
16강_문단 요약
109