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수능특강 외국어영역
Ⅰ
Part
유형편
Ⅰ 유형편
PartⅠ
01
강
Zoom In
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
●
2012학년도 수능 33번 ●
Even those of us who claim not to be materialistic can’t help but form attachments to
certain clothes. Like fragments from old songs, clothes can (A) evoke / erase both
cherished and painful memories. A worn-thin dress may hang in the back of a closet
even though it hasn’t been worn in years because the faint scent of pine that lingers on
it is all that remains of someone’s sixteenth summer. A(n) (B) impractical / brand-new
white scarf might be pulled out of a donation bag at the last minute because of the
promise of elegance it once held for its owner. And a ripped T-shirt might be
(C) rescued / forgotten from the dust rag bin long after the name of the rock band
once written across it has faded. Clothes document personal history for us the same
way that fossils chart time for archaeologists.
①
②
③
④
⑤
(A)
evoke
evoke
evoke
erase
erase
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
impractical
impractical
brand-new
impractical
brand-new
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
rescued
forgotten
forgotten
rescued
forgotten
Words & Phrases
materialistic 물질주의적인
fragment 단편, 조각
linger 사라지지 않고 남아 있다
dust rag bin 먼지 걸레통
10
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
cannot help but 동사 원형 ~하지 않을 수 없다
cherished 소중히 간직한
promise 기대, 약속
document (상세히) 기록하다, ~로 증명하다
attachment 애착, 집착
worn-thin 닳아서 얇아진
ripped 찢어진, 뜯긴
chart (도표로) 나타내다
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
Problem-Solving Strategies
1
각 네모 안의 말이 문장을 완성할 수 있는지 (예비) 판정을 한다.
단계
(A) Like fragments from old songs, clothes can evoke / erase both cherished and painful memories.
evoke‘불러일으키다’
: 옷이 소중하고 고통스러운 기억을 불러일으킬 수 있음
erase‘(마음에서) 없애다’
: 옷이 기억을 지울 수 있는 상황이 드묾
(B) A(n) impractical / brand-new white scarf might be pulled out of a donation bag at the last minute
because of the promise of elegance it once held for its owner.
impractical‘비실용적인’
: 비실용적인 스카프를 기증하려다 그만둘 수 있음
brand-new‘새 상품의’
: 새 스카프를 기증하려다 그만두는 것도 가능함
(C) And a ripped T-shirt might be rescued / forgotten from the dust rag bin long after the name of the
rock band once written across it has faded.
rescued‘구하다’
: 찢어진 티셔츠를 걸레통에서 꺼내, 버리지 않을 수 있음
forgotten‘망각하다’
: 걸레통이 망각의 근원(source)이 될 수 있는 상황이 드묾
☞ 따라서 (A)에는 evoke가, (C)에는 rescued가 들어갈 가능성이 높다.
2
문맥적 정보를 통해 답을 유추한다.
단계
A worn-thin dress may hang in the back of a closet even though it hasn’t been worn in years because the
faint scent of pine that lingers on it is all that remains of someone’s sixteenth summer. A(n)
(B) impractical / brand-new white scarf might be pulled out of a donation bag at the last minute because
of the promise of elegance it once held for its owner.
옷장 뒤쪽에 걸어 두었던, 닳아서 얇아진 드레스에 남아 있는 옅은 소나무 향내가 열여섯 살 여름의 자취로 느껴진다고 했으므로,
낡았지만 희미한 추억을 떠올리게 해 주는 드레스와 어울리는 것은 brand-new(새 상품의) 스카프보다는 impractical(비실용적
인) 스카프이다.
☞ 따라서 (B)에는 impractical이 들어가야 문맥과 어울린다.
3
완성된 세 문장이 자연스러운 글의 흐름을 이루고 있는지 확인한다.
단계
... Like fragments from old songs, clothes can evoke both cherished and painful memories... An
impractical white scarf might be pulled out of a donation bag at the last minute because of the promise of
elegance it once held for its owner. And a ripped T-shirt might be rescued from the dust rag bin long after
the name of the rock band once written across it has faded....
옷은 소중하고 가슴 아픈 기억 둘 다 불러일으킬 수 있다. 그러한 과거의 소중한 추억 때문에 비실용적인 스카프이긴 해도 기증품
자루에서 다시 빼내게 되거나, 찢어진 티셔츠라도 먼지 걸레통에서 다시 꺼내게 되는 것이다.
☞ 전체의 흐름이 자연스러우므로 유추한 정답이 맞다.
01강 문맥 속 어휘 추론 11
Exercises
1
정답과 해설 2쪽
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Some pessimistic scientists believe that climate change on Earth has already passed the ‘tipping
point’ beyond which it is not (A) difficult / possible to stop the slide into global meltdown. But
other groups of scientists think that even if the tipping point has been and gone there might still be
hope for the planet in the form of geo-engineering, which is superscale design-and-build work that
could (B) estimate / reverse the effects of climate change. The ideas put forward include sending
giant sunshades into space to block out some of the Sun’s light; building a network of industrial
plants around the globe that would suck in carbon dioxide, compress it into liquid, and then pump it
underground; and tipping gallons of fertilizer into the oceans to (C) hinder / encourage the growth
of marine plant life to absorb carbon dioxide from the air by photosynthesis.
compress 압축하다
①
②
③
④
⑤
2
(A)
difficult
difficult
possible
possible
possible
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
estimate
reverse
estimate
reverse
reverse
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
hinder
encourage
encourage
hinder
encourage
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Ostentation can be a credible boast of quality. A good example of this is the peacock’s tail.
Although it may appear to be a wasteful display, the showy tail actually has the purpose of
(A) showing / doubting that the male is healthy. The peacock’s tail has many and varied economic
equivalents in the business world. Banks and insurance companies have head offices that are
extremely magnificent beyond the needs of their dealings. The showy offices signal that the
company is (B) failing / stable , distinguishing it from shakier companies that cannot afford them.
As a signal that they (C) expect / hesitate to still be there for you long into the future, retailers
locate themselves in high-rent districts like New York’s Fifth Avenue when a less expensive address
would serve.
ostentation (재산·지식 ·힘 등의) 과시
①
②
③
④
⑤
12
(A)
showing
showing
showing
doubting
doubting
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
failing
stable
stable
failing
stable
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
expect
expect
hesitate
hesitate
hesitate
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
3
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Although many important Greek scientists such as Galen and Ptolemy lived in the Roman
Empire, the Romans themselves (A) contributed / distributed comparatively little to science. They
adopted the mathematics of the Greeks and applied it very successfully to engineering and
architecture. The fruits of this (B) applicant / application are seen today in many Roman remains,
especially in some of their very wonderful aqueducts for carrying water to their towns. But their
engineers and scientists were always servants and very often slaves, and no honor or recognition
was given to them. It is no wonder, therefore, that science did not (C) advance / decline during the
Roman Empire.
aqueduct 도수관, 수로
(A)
4
① contributed
……
② contributed
……
③ contributed
……
④ distributed
……
⑤ distributed
……
(B)
applicant
application
application
applicant
application
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
advance
advance
decline
decline
advance
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Intellectually, we all know that people can look at issues from many different viewpoints.
Intellectually, we even (A) deny / admit that at least some of the perspectives that differ from our
own have something to offer ─ a new opinion on the problem or an insightful notion. We may even
be perfectly capable of bringing these (B) opposing / established perspectives to our minds. Yet we
persist in focusing on our own viewpoint, a tendency that David Perkins calls my-side bias. This
my-side bias acts like a default setting. It (C) overturns / supports our intellectual understanding
that different interpretations of events and different opinions about them are highly likely, so that
we return to seeing the world from our own point of view even after acknowledging differing
positions.
default 달리 지정하지 않는 한 이미 지정한 대로 작동하게 하는 (설정값)
①
②
③
④
⑤
(A)
deny
deny
admit
admit
admit
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
opposing
established
opposing
opposing
established
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
overturns
supports
overturns
supports
overturns
01강 문맥 속 어휘 추론 13
Exercises
정답과 해설 5쪽
5
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Reaching beyond realism, the naturalists tried to illustrate as faithfully as possible whatever was
observable to them within their literary works. They wanted to (A) hide / reveal the dominant
states of things in all areas of life. While the realists tried to evoke the impression that the
characters really exist and that the events narrated are the events of ordinary experience, the
naturalists wanted to give a strictly (B) objective / subjective depiction of the struggle against
nature as a hopeless fight, believing that human behavior is determined by the environment. The
reason for this shift of the fundamental idea of realism was the (C) unnoticeable / visible decline
of the living conditions of the lower classes in the 19th century. Large cities became the focus of
literature due to miserable housing conditions, factories, diseases, and widespread hunger.
①
②
③
④
⑤
6
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
objective
subjective
objective
objective
subjective
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
unnoticeable
unnoticeable
unnoticeable
visible
visible
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
If there is to be toleration in the world, one of the things taught in schools must be the habit of
weighing evidence, and the practice of not giving full (A) consent / objection to propositions
which there is no reason to believe true. For example, the art of reading newspapers should be
taught. The schoolmaster should select some incident which happened a good many years ago, and
roused political passions in its day. He should then read to the schoolchildren what was said by the
newspapers on one side, what was said by those on the other, and some (B) biased / fair account of
what really happened. He should make them understand that everything in newspapers is more or
less untrue. The critical skepticism which would result from this teaching would make the children
(C) unprotected / free from overly naive appeals to idealism in later life.
①
②
③
④
⑤
14
(A)
hide
hide
reveal
reveal
reveal
(A)
consent
consent
consent
objection
objection
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
biased
fair
fair
biased
fair
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
unprotected
unprotected
free
unprotected
free
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
7
8
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Human skin owes its color to the ① presence of particles known as melanin. The primary
function of melanin is to ② protect the upper levels of the skin from being damaged by the sun’s
ultraviolet rays. This radiation poses a critical problem for our kind because we lack the dense coat
of hair that acts as a sunscreen for most mammals. Hairlessness exposes us to two kinds of
radiation ③ dangers: ordinary sunburn and skin cancers. Melanin is the body’s first line of defense
against these afflictions. The more melanin particles, the darker the skin, and the ④ higher the risk
of sunburn and all forms of skin cancer. This explains why the highest rates for skin cancer are
found in sun-drenched lands such as Australia, where light-skinned people of European descent
spend a good part of their lives ⑤ outdoors wearing scanty clothes.
scanty (옷이) 몸을 가린 듯 만 듯한
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Two psychologists, Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson, who wrote together a book entitled
Raising Cain, argue that America, as a society, has so ① mishandled the emotional lives of boys
that it has produced many distant and troubled men. Fathers and mothers, male and female teachers
alike, all unconsciously conspire, the authors suggest, to ② limit the emotional development of
boys. As they put it, we want our boys to be “tough” and “strong” based on images of ③ manliness
we absorbed from our culture. So when a child is hurting, when he’s sad, angry, frustrated,
disappointed, or frightened, we don’t ④ allow him to learn about what he’s feeling. We push him
back inside himself with comments like “Just tough it out” or “You need to be strong.” As a result,
boys ⑤ possess “emotional literacy,” the ability to express their own feelings and understand
emotions in others.
conspire 공모하다
01강 문맥 속 어휘 추론 15
Exercises
정답과 해설 8쪽
9
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
After millions of years of experience on earth, we have acquired the power to affect our planet’s
climate. The theory has to do with the ① accumulation of dust and carbon dioxide that modern
technology pours into the atmosphere in great quantities. The dust tends to reduce the amount of
incoming solar radiation, thereby ② cooling the earth. The carbon dioxide tends to ③ trap heat that
would ordinarily escape to outer space, thereby warming the earth. If either effect is large enough,
the earth’s average temperature might change a degree or two, with ④ disastrous results. An
increase in temperature might melt the icecaps and raise the level of the ocean as much as 300 feet.
All of this is ⑤ confirmed , of course. No one really knows what, if anything, is happening to the
climate or how long such events might take to occur.
10
16
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
There are several Egyptian paintings of great interest preserved among the numerous other
① remains of Egyptian art in the British Museum. Unfortunately, the originally brilliant colors of
these have faded, and many of them are now fast ② decaying . When the paintings were first
discovered, however, their colors were as bright and pure as when they were first painted, because
they had not been exposed to the influence of the ③ atmosphere. Red, yellow, green and blue, with
black and white, were the colors employed. These were applied ④ collectively, so that no variety of
tint was produced. Different colors were used for different things, but almost ⑤ invariably the same
color for the same thing. Thus men and women were usually red, the men several shades darker
than the women, water blue, birds blue and green, and so on.
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
11
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
The underlying idea of world history is that the interaction among human societies ① resembles
not the relationships among building blocks, but rather among bacteria. Building blocks can be
stacked next to or on top of each other, but they rarely if ever ② affect their neighbors’ shapes or
composition. Bacteria, however, fundamentally shape each other as they interact. Because the
membranes covering bacteria are full of pores, bacteria can exchange genetic information and can
even fundamentally ③ alter each other’s basic make-up when they touch. Similarly, human
societies in contact affect each other’s development. World historians, ④ rejecting this, seek to
understand human history through studying both developments within societies and the way in
which societies relate to each other. They look not only at the process of invention but also at the
key role played by the ⑤ spreading of people, things, and ideas around the world.
membrane 얇은 막, 막피
12
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Spotlights can be more or less focused. When focused to their maximum extent, they illuminate a
very small area with a very bright light. When de-focused, they illuminate a larger area, but the
light is less ① intense. The same is true for attention. When we are relaxed, and not in the grip of
any particular emotion, our mental spotlight is relatively ② unfocused, and more thoughts may
drift through our awareness. When an emotion occurs, however, our mental spotlight suddenly
③ contracts, focusing on one small thought to the exclusion of all others. This thought is usually a
representation of the external object that ④ stabilized the emotion. Love, for example, makes it
hard to think of anything except the beloved. Emotions are often blamed for ⑤ distracting us, so it
might seem strange to say that they help to focus our attention. However, emotions distract us from
one thought only to make us pay attention to another.
01강 문맥 속 어휘 추론 17
Ⅰ 유형편
PartⅠ
02
강
Zoom In
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
●
2012학년도 수능 20번 ●
On January 10, 1992, a ship (A) traveled / traveling through rough seas lost 12
cargo containers, one of which held 28,800 floating bath toys. Brightly colored ducks,
frogs, and turtles were set adrift in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. After seven
months, the first toys made landfall on beaches near Sitka, Alaska, 3,540 kilometers
from (B) what / where they were lost. Other toys floated north and west along the
Alaskan coast and across the Bering Sea. Some toy animals stayed at sea
(C) even / very longer. They floated completely along the North Pacific currents,
ending up back in Sitka.
(A)
① traveled
……
② traveled
……
③ traveling
……
④ traveling
……
⑤ traveling
……
(B)
what
what
what
where
where
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
even
very
even
even
very
Words & Phrases
cargo (선박, 비행기) 화물
landfall 육지 도착, 육지 접근
18
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
float (물, 공중에서) 떠가다(떠돌다)
completely 완전히
adrift 표류하는
current 해류, 조류
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
Problem-Solving Strategies
1
(A), (B), (C)가 포함된 각 부분의 의미를 짐작한다.
단계
(A) On January 10, 1992, a ship traveled / traveling through rough seas lost 12 cargo containers, ~.
1992년 1월 10일, 거친 바다를 항해하던 배 한 척이 12개의 화물 컨테이너를 잃었는데, ~.
(B) After seven months, the first toys made landfall on beaches near Sitka, Alaska, 3,540 kilometers from
what / where they were lost.
7개월 후에 잃어버린 장소에서 3,540킬로미터 떨어진 알래스카의 Sitka 근처 해변 육지에 첫 번째 장난감들이 도달
했다.
(C) Some toy animals stayed at sea even / very longer.
어떤 동물 장난감들은 바다에 훨씬 더 오래 있었다.
2
문장 구조를 이해하고 적용해야 할 어법을 생각한다.
단계
(A) 문법적인 열과 비문법적인 열(Grammatical and Ungrammatical Strings)
On January 10, 1992, a ship traveled / traveling through rough seas lost 12 cargo containers, ~.
→ 동사 lost 이전까지의 a ship traveled through rough seas와 a ship traveling through rough seas가 둘 다 문법적이지
만, 하나의 문장(sentence)에 하나의 정형동사만이 있을 수 있기 때문에 네모 안에 traveling이 들어가야 한다.
(B) 관계사(what vs. where)
After seven months, the first toys made
landfall on beaches near Sitka, Alaska, 3,540
kilometers from
they were lost.
◀
what:‘~인[한] 것’<the thing that ~>
where:‘~인[한] 곳’<(the place) where ~>
After seven months, the first toys made landfall on beaches near Sitka, Alaska, 3,540 kilometers from
what / where they were lost.
→ what은 선행사를 포함하는 관계사이므로 what이 오려면 <what was lost(주어 포함) / what they lost(목적어 포함)>처럼
what 뒤에 주어 또는 목적어가 비어 있어야 한다. 따라서 what은 적절하지 않다.
→ where 뒤에는 동사의 성격에 따라 <주어+동사> 혹은 <주어+동사+목적어>와 같은 형태의 문장이 와야 한다.‘ they were
lost’
는 <주어+동사> 형태의 문장이므로
안에는 where가 적절하다.
(C) 원급과 비교급 형용사를 강조하는 표현
Some toy animals stayed at sea even / very longer.
→ 원급을 강조하는 경우에는 very를, 비교급을 강조하는 경우에는 much 또는 even을 사용하여 수식한다.
3
문맥에 적절한 어법인지 선택한 단어를 넣어 전체적으로 다시 확인해 본다.
단계
(A)‘거친 바다를 항해하던 배 한 척이’
라는 뜻으로 a ship traveling through rough seas가 적절하다.
(B)‘그것들을 잃어버린 곳으로부터’
라는 뜻으로 from where they were lost가 적절하다.
(C)‘(~보다) 훨씬 더 오랫동안’
이라는 뜻으로 even longer가 적절하다.
02강 문맥 속 문법성 판단 19
Exercises
1
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
No magic pills can be given to make a person capable of matching wits with an expert. But it is
possible to acquire through long experience some appreciation of the point of view of the
laboratory scientist, some (A) understand / understanding of his methods and the way he conceives
a problem. Not a few citizens have made themselves intelligent critics of scientific work by a
process of self-education in relation to some phase of modern science (B) to connect / connected
with their activities in the world of affairs. A series of episodes has left permanent imprints on their
minds which serve as fixed points ─ a sort of map (C) which / to which they may refer any new
proposal from the laboratory.
conceive a problem (해결을 위해) 문제에 대해 생각하다
①
②
③
④
⑤
2
(A)
understand
understand
understanding
understanding
understanding
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
to connect
connected
to connect
connected
connected
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
which
to which
to which
which
to which
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Until after World War II, only the very wealthy and the famous enjoyed the benefits of worldwide
leisure travel. It was considered too (A) expensive / expensively by most, especially compared to
what else could be done with the money spent on a trip. The common belief was that
(B) buy / buying new kitchen appliances or furniture for a home was a better investment than
taking a short, expensive trip. Now, wealth abounds to the point that most people in North America
own far more material goods than they need, and travel to foreign places seems like a perfect
investment (C) broaden / to broaden one’s perspective on life. And the memories of trips can last a
lifetime, whereas material goods will wear out in a few years.
①
②
③
④
⑤
20
정답과 해설 10쪽
(A)
expensive
expensive
expensive
expensively
expensively
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
buy
buying
buying
buy
buying
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
broaden
broaden
to broaden
broaden
to broaden
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
3
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
According to Confucius, all people are born honest and good, and deep down, they remain so.
“Anyone (A) sees / seeing a small child playing near the water’s edge will worry lest it fall in,” he
said. Concern for our fellow human beings and sympathy for the misfortunes of others are inborn
sentiments. All we need to do is to make (B) sure / surely we do not lose them. And that, said
Confucius, is why we have families. Someone who is always good to his parents, who obeys them
and cares for them will treat others in the same way, and will obey the laws of the state in the same
way that he obeys his father. Thus, for Confucius, the family, with its brotherly and sisterly love and
respect for parents, (C) was / were the most important thing of all. He called it ‘the root of
humanity’.
Confucius 공자
①
②
③
④
⑤
4
(A)
sees
sees
seeing
seeing
seeing
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
sure
surely
sure
sure
surely
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
was
were
was
were
was
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
The city of Athens established procedures for distinguishing right from wrong. On the south side
of the chief marketplace stood the Court of the Heliasts, a large building with wooden benches for
a jury at one end, and a prosecution and defendant’s platform at (A) others / the other . Trials began
with a speech from the prosecution, followed by a speech from the defense. Then a jury numbering
between 200 and 2,500 people would indicate (B) that / where the truth lay by a vote or a show of
hands. This method of deciding right from wrong by counting the number of people in favor of a
proposition (C) used / was used throughout Athenian political and legal life. Two or three times a
month, all male citizens, some 30,000, were invited to gather to decide on important questions of
state by a show of hands. For the city, the opinion of the majority was equated with the truth.
prosecution 기소, 고발
①
②
③
④
⑤
(A)
others
others
the other
the other
the other
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
that
where
that
where
where
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
used
used
was used
used
was used
02강 문맥 속 문법성 판단 21
Exercises
정답과 해설 13쪽
5
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A major obstacle to discovery is not ignorance but knowledge. Because Aristotle was so
comprehensive, logical, and brilliant, his writings became the ultimate standard of truth for 2,000
years. A major portion of Galileo’s works was devoted to (A) disprove / disproving Aristotle so
that the reader would be able to grasp his arguments. The difficulty was that a single authority
(Aristotle) was held in such high regard (B) that / which alternative views could not get a hearing.
In more recent times the work of Freud has had a similar effect. Freud’s system of analysis assumed
certain mental constructs a priori, so it was very difficult to revise or improve his theories. The
result was that a fairly good number of psychoanalysts (C) remaining / remained Freudians though
many psychologists began to ignore Freud altogether to make progress in their work.
a priori 선험적으로
①
②
③
④
⑤
6
……
……
……
……
……
(B)
that
which
that
that
which
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
remained
remaining
remaining
remained
remained
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
The “mechanical” quality of life that industrialization promoted (A) to be / was proving to be a
source of dissatisfaction for many, which made it ripe for its satirization by Charlie Chaplin in his
1936 film Modern Times. Chaplin’s famous character, the Little Tramp, goes to work in a factory.
He is instructed to stand at a particular spot on a fast-paced assembly line and (B) screw / screwing
bolts onto the pieces of machinery that pass him at an ever-increasing rate. His hands become so
accustomed to the prescribed movement that even after he has left the assembly line, he continues
to compulsively twist anything that remotely resembles a screw. In the film’s most famous scene,
he becomes so overwhelmed by his work that he simply lies down on the conveyor belt and allows
(C) him / himself to be pulled into the factory’s mechanical belly.
satirization 풍자
①
②
③
④
⑤
22
(A)
disprove
disprove
disproving
disproving
disproving
(A)
to be
to be
was
was
was
……
……
……
……
……
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
(B)
screw
screwing
screw
screw
screwing
……
……
……
……
……
(C)
him
himself
him
himself
him
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
7
8
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
What time of the day is best for exercise? A person can exercise at almost any time of the day
except about two hours ① following a large meal, or the noon and early afternoon hours on hot and
humid days. Many people enjoy exercising early in the morning because it gives them a good boost
② to start the day. If you have a difficult time sticking to an exercise program, early morning
exercise is best because the chances of some other activity or conflict interfering with your exercise
time ③ is minimal. Some people prefer the lunch hour for weight-control reasons. By exercising at
noon, they do not eat as big a lunch, ④ which helps keep down daily caloric intake. ⑤ Highly
stressed people seem to like the evening hours because of the relaxing effects of exercise.
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
The reason nature is so wasteful is that scattershot strategies for reproduction are the best way to
do ① what mathematicians call “fully exploring the potential space.” Imagine a desert landscape
with two pools of water separated by some distance. If you are a plant ② growing next to one of
those pools, you can have one of two different reproductive strategies. You can drop seeds near
your roots, ③ where there’s a pretty good chance water can be found. This is safe, but soon leads to
crowding. Or you can toss the seeds into the air and let ④ it float far away. This means that almost
all will die, but it is the only way ⑤ to find that second pool of water, where life can expand into a
new place, perhaps a richer one. It is wasteful, but it can pay off in the end.
scattershot 무차별의
02강 문맥 속 문법성 판단 23
Exercises
정답과 해설 15쪽
9
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
In his book Good to Great, Jim Collins tells the story of Admiral James Stockdale, the highestranking American prisoner of war in Vietnam. ① Known for his unbreakable character and
resilience, Stockdale described the two defining characteristics of American captives who were
most likely to survive the brutal conditions of a Vietnamese prison. First, they openly faced and
accepted ② rather than ignored or dismissed the harsh facts of their difficulty. Second, they never
stopped ③ believing that they would someday get out. In other words, while they did not run away
from reality, accepting the brutal truths about their current conditions, they never lost hope
④ which all would work out well in the end. By contrast, both those who believed that they would
never get out and those who believed that they would be freed within an unrealistically short period
of time ⑤ were unlikely to survive.
resilience 회복력
10
24
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
I was ① seated in the office of the vice-president of sales of a company I’d been consulting with
for several years. The vice-president was interviewing someone for the position of regional sales
director and asked me to listen in. The man ② interviewing was an experienced, successful
salesman. Still, it was an important career meeting for him, and he was nervous. His response to
the pressure of the interview was ③ to talk too much. The applicant felt ④ uncomfortable and was
attempting to fill the uncertainty of the moment with sound. While trying to make a good
impression, he presented himself poorly. A little conscious breathing would have enabled him to
feel better about ⑤ himself and allowed him to be more calm and clear.
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
11
12
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
정답과 해설 15쪽
In the middle of the thirteenth century, Matthew Paris drew a picture of an elephant, which was
the first elephant ① that had been seen in England. The figure of the servant by its side is not a
very convincing likeness, though we are given his name, Henricus de Flor. But what is interesting
② is that in this case the artist was very anxious to get the right proportions. Between the legs of
the elephant there is a Latin inscription saying: ‘By the size of the man ③ portrayed here you may
imagine the size of the beast represented here.’ To us this elephant may look a little odd, but it does
show that medieval artists, at least in the thirteenth century, were very well aware of ④ such things
as proportions, and that, if they ignored them so often, they ⑤ were so not out of ignorance but
simply because they did not think they mattered.
inscription 새긴 글, 비문
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
The Louvre’s CD-ROM offers a wonderful view of the Mona Lisa. One can almost see her very
pores on the computer screen; the reproduction is brighter than the original, ① revealing more of
the landscape in the background. The zoom tool permits viewers to ② carefully examine features
as the commentator lists them. Yet people do still make a journey ③ see Leonardo’s original
painting in the Louvre. The feeling of awe is almost religious as international crowds file past the
mysterious face ④ that rests, smiling, in her closed glass box. The atmosphere is one of quiet
excitement and people record the momentous occasion with videos and snapshots. Mona Lisa’s
aura is by no means an illusion, ⑤ though there is something sadly ironic about visitors’ trying to
capture her with their own mechanical reproductions.
file 줄지어 가다
02강 문맥 속 문법성 판단 25
Zoom Out 1
Building Blocks and Tools for Reading
Vocabulary and Grammar
단어와 문법은 글을 읽고 쓰는 데에 있어 가장 기본적인 도구이다. 단어들이 문법 규칙에 의해 어구를 형성하고, 이렇
게 형성된 어구는 다시 다른 단어나 어구와 결합되어 더 큰 어구를 이루고 궁극적으로 문장을 이룬다. 따라서 필요한
단어의 쓰임 및 뜻과 문법 규칙을 알지 못하면 문장을 이해하거나 사용할 때 매우 큰 어려움을 겪을 수밖에 없다.
일반적으로 능숙한 독자는 다른 사람들보다 더 많은 어휘 지식을 가지고 있고, 문법을 활용하는 능력이 뛰어나다. 하
지만 이러한 지식을 쌓고 능력을 기르는 일은 글을 읽고 이해하는 과정을 통해서만 가능하다. 글을 읽고 이해하려면
어휘와 문법 지식이 필요한데, 이 필요한 어휘와 문법 지식은 다시 글 읽기를 통해서만 길러지는 순환 구조를 가지고
있다.
이러한 순환 구조에서 우리『수능특강』독자들이 능숙한 독자가 되기 위해서는 다음 세 가지를 갖추어야 한다.
첫째
기본 어휘 1,000 단어는 어떻게 해서든지 익혀야 한다. 이 기본 어휘를 모르고서는 어떠한 읽기 전략도 효
용이 없다.
둘째
기본 어휘를 숙지한 후에는 단어의 의미를 문맥에서 유추하는 능력을 길러야 한다.
셋째
마지막으로, 문법 규칙의 설명 그 자체가 아니라 설명이 의미하는 것을 내재화하여, 글을 읽고 쓸 때 그 지식
을 활용할 수 있어야 한다.
Guessing New Words from Context
Yes
사전을 찾지 마세요.
No
스스로에게 물어 보세요.
이 단어가 중요한가?
Yes
사전을 찾아 보세요.
선생님이 도와주실 것이에요.
26
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
No
걱정 말고 계속 읽어 나가세요.
명심하세요. 모든 단어의 정확
한 뜻을 알지 못해도 괜찮아요.
Students mark the main idea with a felt-tip pen.
이 문장의 의미를 아는 데 있어, 밑줄 친 단어 felt-tip의 뜻을 정확하게 아는 것은 중요하지 않다. 이 단어가 일종의
펜(즉, 매직펜)을 가리키는 것으로 이해해도 이 문장의 뜻을 대략 이해하는 데 어려움이 없다.
정의를 활용한 어의 유추
가끔 새 단어의 정의를 활용하여 어의를 유추할 수 있다. 동사 be(is 또는 are)나 mean(s) 다음에 오는 정의에 특히 주
목하라.
A strategy is a plan for reaching an objective.
전략이란 목표에 도달하기 위한 계획이다.
To achieve means to complete or reach something, such as a goal.
성취한다는 것은 목표와 같은 뭔가를 완수하거나 뭔가에 도달한다는 것을 의미한다.
예를 활용한 어의 유추
가끔 새 단어의 예를 통해 어의를 유추할 수 있다.
She studies apes such as gorillas and chimpanzees.
그녀는 고릴라와 침팬지 같은 유인원을 연구한다.
These apes learned words of direction ─ for example, left and right.
이들 유인원은 예를 들어, 왼쪽과 오른쪽 같은 방향어를 배웠다.
설명을 활용한 어의 유추
새 단어에 대한 설명으로부터 어의를 유추할 수 있을 때가 가끔 있다. 이러한 설명은 보통 동격 표현이나 that is 다음
에 오는 말이 해 주는데, 이어지는 다음 문장이 해 주는 경우도 있다.
Syntax ─ the grammar rules of a language ─ is necessary for effective expression and
communication.
통사론, 즉 언어의 문법 규칙은 효과적인 표현과 의사소통을 위해 필요하다.
It allows an animal to be adaptable ─ that is, able to change in a new situation.
그것으로 인해 동물은 적응─새로운 상황에서 변화─할 수 있다.
Some Americans began to resent the new immigrants. They felt anger toward them because they
dressed and sounded “different” and “foreign.”
몇몇 미국인들이 새 이민자들에게 분개하기 시작했다. 이들은 이민자들이‘다르게’그리고‘이국적으로’옷을 입
고 (말하는 것으로) 들리기 때문에 이들에게 분노를 느꼈다.
배경 지식이나 글의 흐름을 통한 어의 유추
새 단어의 의미를 주어진 글과 관련된 배경 지식이나 글의 전체적인 흐름으로부터 유추할 수 있다. 수능 어휘 문제 해
결에 가장 유용한 전략이다.
Zoom Out 1 27
Zoom Out 1
As soon as I asked Magdalena to drive, I knew I had made my usual mistake. She
was an excellent driver but always took the most circuitous route in order to enjoy the
scenery. By the time we arrived at the restaurant, waiters were clearing the tables, and
the restaurant was closed until dinnertime.
위 글은 운전사가 경치를 감상할 수 있는 길을 택했기 때문에, 점심 식사에 너무 늦게 도착하였다고 말하고 있다. 우
리의 배경 지식에 의하면, 멋진 경치를 감상할 수 있는 도로는 직선 도로가 아닌 꼬불꼬불한 길이고 시간이 많이 걸리
는 길이다. 이를 미루어 circuitous가‘길이 도는, 우회하는’
이라는 의미임을 짐작할 수 있다.
Reaching beyond realism, the naturalists tried to illustrate as faithfully as possible
whatever was observable to them within their literary works. They wanted to
hide / reveal the dominant states of things in all areas of life. While the realists tried
to evoke the impression that the characters really exist and that the events narrated are
the events of ordinary experience, the naturalists wanted to give a strictly
objective / subjective depiction of the struggle against nature as a hopeless fight,
believing that human behavior is determined by the environment...
위 글의‘They wanted to ~ in all areas of life.’
는 바로 앞 문장의 내용을 보충·설명하고 있다. 자연주의자들은
관찰할 수 있는 어떤 것도 가능한 충실하게 보여 주려고 했기 때문에, 이들은 삶의 모든 영역에서 사태의 주된 상황을
드러내고(reveal) 싶어 했다. 첫 문장에서 사실주의를 뛰어넘은 자연주의 작가들이 관찰 가능한 모든 삶의 모습을 가
능한 충실하게 기술하려고 했다고 했기 때문에, 이들이 자연에 대한 (인간의) 투쟁을 가망 없는 싸움으로서 엄격히 객
관적(objective)으로 묘사하기를 원했다는 것을 알 수 있다.
Examples of Grammar Test
주어 + 동사
~ what we really want, it seems, is to stop wanting. 주어가 절일 때에는 단수 취급
We are trapped deep in a paradox ~. 능동태와 수동태의 구분
~ on which were placed possible technical solutions that other teams might use in the future.
도치된 주어인 possible technical ~ in the future와 were의 일치
동사 + 보어
~ is as subtle / subtly as a pause. 동사 is의 보어는 형용사구
This sounds obvious ~. 동사 sounds의 보어는 형용사
The way around this is to see that habits are ~. 보어로서의 to부정사
28
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
동사 + 목적어 + 보어
~ make fieldwork sound exciting ~. 목적보어로서의 원형부정사
~ find them wholly to occupy / occupied with the past ~.
목적보어로서의 분사, 능동과 수동의 의미 구분
명사구
~ the vast detailed intricacy ~. 수식 형용사의 중첩
형용사구
So / Such imprudent are we that we ~. 형용사나 부사는 such가 아닌 so로 수식
관계절
~ adventure which soon adopts ~. 단거리 관계절에서의 주격 관계대명사의 일치
~ an acquaintance who / whom I was certain was going to ~.
장거리 관계절에서의 주격 관계대명사의 일치
~ 3,540 kilometers from what / where they were lost.
전치사의 목적어로 사용된 독립 관계절(independent relative clause)
~ a right course of action, through which one may provoke ~. 관계절의 계속적 용법
일치
~ halfhearted individuals are ~ even when it involves their own welfare.
대명사와 선행사의 수와 인칭에서의 일치
평행 구조
~ try to support the present with the future and think / thinking of ~. to에 걸린 support와 think
~ had university students read a personality description of someone and then summarize /
summarized it for someone else ~. read와 summarize가 평행 구조를 이룸
분사 구문
Asked / Asking to recall what they had read, they remembered ~. 능동과 수동의 구분
He goes on to describe his daily routine of strolling through the village observing the intimate
details of family life. 부수적인 상황을 묘사하는 분사 구문
~ derived from the Latin word ‘cor’ meaning ‘heart.’ 수식어로서의 분사 구문
문법적인 열과 비문법적인 열 (Grammatical and Ungrammatical Strings)
~ believe what / that they are saying.
동사 saying 이전까지의 believe what they are와 believe that they are가 둘 다 문법적이지만, saying으로 문
장이 끝나기 때문에 believe의 목적어는 saying의 목적어가 빠진 불완전한 that절이 될 수 없고 saying의 목적어
로 여겨지는 what으로 시작하는 관계절이어야 한다.
It is true that the questions dealt / dealing with very personal issues, but I ~.
but으로 시작하는 등위 접속문이 issues 다음에 이어지기 때문에, 명사구가 아닌 문장 the questions dealt with
very personal issues만이 문맥에서 가능하다.
Zoom Out 1 29
Ⅰ 유형편
PartⅠ
03
강
Zoom In
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
●
2012학년도 수능 34번 ●
Living things naturally return to a state of balance. When we are disturbed by forces
acting on us, our inner machinery kicks in and returns us to a balanced state of
equilibrium. Homeostasis is the word we use to describe the ability of an organism to
maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. Most of the
systems in animal and human physiology are controlled by homeostasis. We don’t like
to be off balance. We tend to keep things in a stable condition. This system operates at
all levels. Our blood stays the same temperature. Except for extraordinary exceptions,
when people find ways to intervene using methods more powerful than our tendency to
equilibrium, our habits, behaviors, thoughts, and our quality of life stay pretty much
the same too.
① physical balance needed for mental equilibrium
② inner mechanisms to enhance the quality of life
③ general tendency of organisms to keep equilibrium
④ major differences in animal and human physiology
⑤ biological processes resulting from habitual behaviors
Words & Phrases
act on ~에 작용하다, 영향을 주다
homeostasis 항상성
intervene 개입하다, 끼어들다
30
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
kick in 작동하다, 효력을 나타내다
physiological 생리적인
equilibrium 평형
off balance 균형을 잃은, 균형이 깨진
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
Problem-Solving Strategies
1
글의 초반부에서 주요 화제를 찾는다.
단계
생명체는 자연스럽게 균형 상태로 돌아간다는 문장(Living things naturally return to a state of balance.)에서 글의 내
용이 생명체의 자연적 특성과 관련되어 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.
2
주제를 암시하는 어구나 반복되는 키워드(유사어 포함)를 찾는다.
단계
본 지문에서 반복적으로 나타나는 키워드는 balance(균형), equilibrium(평형), homeostasis(항상성)이다.
3
키워드를 중심으로 주요 화제가 어떻게 전개되고 있는지 파악한다.
단계
지문의 전반부에서는 생명체가 균형, 평형, 또는 항상성을 유지하려는 특성을 가지고 있다는 내용이 반복적으로 제시되고
있다. 지문의 후반부는 이러한 평형 유지의 특성이 체온, 습관, 행동, 생각, 삶의 질 등 다양한 측면에서 나타난다는 구체적
적용 사례를 보여주고 있다.
4
지문의 전체적인 내용 파악을 통해 주제를 추론해 낸다.
단계
지문의 전체 내용으로부터‘평형 상태를 유지하려는 생명체의 특성’
이라는 주제를 추론할 수 있다.
5
주제를 가장 잘 나타내는 선택지를 고른다.
단계
③의‘general tendency of organisms to keep equilibrium(평형 상태를 유지하려는 생명체의 일반적인 경향)’
이글
의 주제로 가장 적절하다.
※ 다음과 같은 선택지는 피한다.
너무 막연한 선택지 → ⑤ biological processes resulting from habitual behaviors
너무 막연한 선택지 → ⑤ (습관적 행동에서 비롯된 생물학적 과정)
지나치게 지엽적인 선택지 → ② inner mechanisms to enhance the quality of life
지나치게 지엽적인 선택지 → ② (삶의 질을 향상시키는 내적 메커니즘)
일부의 내용만을 활용한 선택지 → ④ major differences in animal and human physiology
일부의 내용만을 활용한 선택지 → ④ (동물 생리와 인간 생리의 주요 차이점)
내용이 지문에 나타나 있지 않은 선택지 → ① physical balance needed for mental equilibrium
(정신적 평형에 필요한 신체적 균형)
03강 주제 추론 31
Exercises
1
정답과 해설 18쪽
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Parents often fail to address early childhood lying, since the lying is almost innocent ─ their
child is too young to know what lies are, or that lying is wrong. When their child gets older and
learns those distinctions, the parents believe, the lying will stop. This is dead wrong, according to
Dr. Victoria Talwar. The better a young child can distinguish a lie from the truth, the more likely he
or she is to lie given the chance. Researchers test children with elegant anecdotes, and ask, “Did
Suzy tell a lie or tell the truth?” The kids who know the difference are also the most prone to lie.
Ignorant of this scholarship, many parenting websites and books advise parents to just let lies go ─
kids will grow out of it. The truth is, kids grow into it.
① how to stop children from lying
② the necessity of learning to let go
③ the misconception about children’s lies
④ effective strategies for educating children
⑤ the effects of trust on children’s personalities
2
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Because classical music today has largely become something we listen to in concert or on
recordings, it is easy to forget the essential role it once played as a part of daily life. An enormous
amount of the music written in the Baroque period and earlier was designed to support dancing.
Supplying music for dancing was an essential task for nearly every composer until the twentieth
century. Vast quantities of dance music were written in the Baroque period because people danced
all the time, and composers had to supply music to match the demand. As time passed, however,
dance music gradually became more abstract and sophisticated and eventually left its original realworld function behind. Put simply, the minuet, which was originally designed to be danced to,
ultimately became something to listen to, and the switch transformed both content and form.
① the role of dance in modern arts
② causes for the decline of classical music
③ how to appreciate various types of music
④ changes in the function of classical music
⑤ audio-visual components in performing arts
32
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3
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
A species that survives by eating another species is typically referred to as a predator. The word
brings up images of some of the most dramatic animals on Earth: cheetahs, eagles, and killer
whales. You might not picture wood warblers, a family of North American bird species
characterized by their small size and colorful feathers, as predators; however, these beautiful birds
are huge consumers of insects. The hundreds of millions of individual warblers collectively remove
literally tons of insects from forest trees every summer. Most of these insects prey on plants. By
reducing the number of insects in forests, warblers reduce the damage that insects inflict on forest
plants. The results of a study that excluded birds from white oak seedlings showed that the trees
were about fifteen percent smaller because of insect damage over two years, as compared to trees
from which birds were not excluded.
seedling 묘목
① new ways to protect endangered species
② smart ways to escape from forest predators
③ the role of wood warblers in forest preservation
④ the uniqueness of wood warblers’ survival instinct
⑤ the rapid decrease in the number of predator species
4
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Corporations were once task-oriented groups, created in the nineteenth century through charters
to perform specific projects like canal or railroad building. The word “corporate” still suggests a
group engaged in some collective project ─ beyond making money for shareholders ─ and well
into the postwar period corporations continued to define themselves in terms of their products and
overall contribution to society. But with the rise of “finance capitalism” in the 1980s, shareholders’
profits came to beat all other considerations, even pride in the product. Harvard Business School’s
Rakesh Khurana, who has recorded the decline of professional management, traces how the idea of
the corporation evolved through policy statements made by the Business Roundtable. In 1990, the
Business Roundtable representing America’s large corporations stated that “corporations are
chartered to serve both their shareholders and society as a whole,” including such stakeholders as
employees, customers, suppliers, and communities.
charter 인가서, 설립하다
① conflict management in corporations
② the social responsibility of corporations
③ strong competition among corporations
④ the changing conception of the corporation
⑤ shareholders’ growing influence on corporations
03강 주제 추론 33
Exercises
정답과 해설 21쪽
5
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
In monkey colonies, where rigid dominance hierarchies exist, beneficial innovations do not
spread quickly through the group unless they are taught first to a dominant animal. When a lower
animal is taught the new concept first, the rest of the colony remains mostly oblivious to its value.
One study on the introduction of new food tastes to Japanese monkeys provides a nice illustration.
In one troop, a taste for caramels was developed by introducing this new food into the diet of young
minors, low on the status ladder. The taste for caramels inched slowly up the ranks: A year and a
half later, only 51 percent of the colony had acquired it, and still none of the leaders. Contrast this
with what happened in a second troop where wheat was introduced first to the leader: Wheat eating
─ to this point unknown to these monkeys ─ spread through the whole colony within four hours.
oblivious 알아차리지 못하는
① peer pressure in monkey colonies
② cooperation for survival in monkey colonies
③ monkeys’ learned behavior through imitation
④ the difference between monkeys and humans in learning
⑤ monkeys’ deference to authority in adapting themselves to new things
6
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
The rationale for taking up great growth is that firms need to “run with the ball” if they ever get
that rare opportunity to suddenly double or triple sales. But there are times when a slower, more
controlled growth is sensible. Risks lie on both sides as businesses reach for these opportunities.
When a market begins to boom and a firm is unable to keep up with demand without greatly
increasing capacity and resources, it faces a dilemma: Stay conservative in fear that the opportunity
will be shortened, but thereby give up some of the growing market to competitors; or expand
vigorously to take full advantage of the opportunity, but risk being overextended and vulnerable
should the potential suddenly fade. Regardless of the commitment to a vision of great growth, a
firm must develop an organization and systems and controls to handle it.
① arguments for and against company expansion
② the types of dilemmas in company expansion
③ the growth and the manageability of companies
④ the need for company downsizing in competitive markets
⑤ the relationship between market demand and company growth
34
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7
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
It is known that the sum of evaporation and transpiration of water through the leaves of plants
will increase with temperature, so that in hot environments, rising temperatures will make
rainwater less available for human use and crop production before it evaporates. Rising
temperatures will also accelerate the melting of glaciers and snow in the high mountains. Hundreds
of millions of people downstream of mountains depend on snowmelt and glacier melt for their
water in the spring and summer, and climate change will greatly threaten these vast areas of Asia
and the Americas. For some decades, the communities will be threatened by flooding caused by
rapid glacier melting, but after that the risk will switch abruptly to water scarcity when the glaciers
disappear altogether. Snowmelt will come earlier in the spring and not be available during the dry
summer months when crops require water to grow.
transpiration 증산(蒸散)
① ways to prevent global warming
② the effects of glaciers on the environment
③ factors influencing the Earth’s greenhouse effect
④ the decline in crop production and its consequences
⑤ changes in water availability due to rising temperatures
8
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never
prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can
never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can
disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the
theory. As philosopher of science Karl Popper has emphasized, a good theory is characterized by
the fact that it makes a number of predictions that could in principle be disproved or falsified by
observation. Each time new experiments are observed to agree with the predictions the theory
survives, and our confidence in it is increased; but if ever a new observation is found to disagree,
we have to abandon or modify the theory.
provisional 잠정적인
① a trend in modern physics
② ways to collect data in science
③ limitations of a physical theory
④ the disprovability of theoretical accounts
⑤ making observations using the scientific method
03강 주제 추론 35
Ⅰ 유형편
PartⅠ
04
강
Zoom In
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
●
2012학년도 수능 39번 ●
The good news is that it’s never too late to start building up muscle strength,
regardless of your age. Ideally, though, it’s best to start in your mid-forties when
muscle mass starts to decline significantly. “Once you’ve started, it can take just six
weeks to see an improvement of up to 20 percent in your muscle capabilities,” says Dr.
Ward. Studies have found that intense programs of strength training can help even
weak older people double their strength, as well as enable them to walk faster and
climb stairs more easily. And muscle isn’t all you gain ─ strength training can help
combat osteoarthritis, depression, and risk factors for heart disease and diabetes.
osteoarthritis 골관절염
① 근력 운동의 효과는 단기간에 얻기 힘들다.
② 근력 운동에 필요한 기초 체력을 길러야 한다.
③ 40대 이후에는 성인병 예방에 주의를 기울여야 한다.
④ 운동량은 연령에 따라 적절히 조절해야 한다.
⑤ 근력 운동은 나이가 들어서도 건강에 유익하다.
Words & Phrases
regardless of ~에 상관없이
capability 능력, 역량
depression 우울증, 불경기
36
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
decline 감소하다, 줄어들다
intense 집중된, 격렬한
diabetes 당뇨병
significantly 상당히, 중요하게
combat 싸우다, 대항하다
w w w . e b s i. c o . k r
Problem-Solving Strategies
1
반복되는 어구나 핵심적인 표현을 중심으로 전체적인 글의 흐름과 주제를 파악한다.
단계
never too late to start building up muscle strength
(근력을 기르기 시작하는 것을 나이가 들어서 해도 늦지 않다는 내용)
best to start in your mid-forties
(40대 중반에 시작하는 것이 가장 좋다는 내용)
help even weak older people double their strength
(나이가 든 약한 사람도 근력을 두 배로 늘릴 수 있다는 내용)
help combat osteoarthritis, depression, and risk factors for heart disease and diabetes
(여러 질병을 예방하거나 치료하는 데 도움이 된다는 내용)
여러 연구들의 결과를 근거로 중년에 시작하는 근력 운동이 여러 면에서 효과적임을 설명하고 있다. 따라서 이 글의 주제는‘늦은
나이에 시작하는 근력 운동의 효과’
임을 알 수 있다.
2
주제와 관련하여 필자의 생각이나 견해가 드러난 문장 혹은 필자의 견해를 뒷받침하고 있는 문장을 파악한다.
단계
~ it’s best to start in your mid-forties when muscle mass starts to decline significantly.
~ strength training can help even weak older people double their strength, ~
~ muscle isn’t all you gain ─ strength training can help combat osteoarthritis, ~
필자는 나이가 든 이후에도 근력 운동을 통해 근력 향상뿐 아니라 골관절염, 우울증, 심장 질환, 당뇨병 등을 예방할 수 있다
는 견해를 밝히고 있다.
3
선택지 중에 글의 요지를 가장 적절히 드러내고 있는 것을 선택한다.
단계
근력 운동은 나이가 든 후에 하더라도 여러 가지 면에서 이익을 준다는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤‘근력
운동은 나이가 들어서도 건강에 유익하다.’
이다. 매력적인 오답지를 만들기 위해서 글의 핵심어(이 문항의 경우는‘근력 운동’
,
‘연령’
)를 포함하여 오답지를 만드는 경우가 많다. 이를 유념하고 요지를 정확하게 드러내고 있는 선택지를 고르도록 한다.
04강 요지 추론 37
Exercises
1
정답과 해설 23쪽
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
It has been shown repeatedly that the link between amount of salary and happiness is not as
strong as one would expect it to be. Yet we keep pushing toward a higher salary. Much of that can
be blamed on sheer envy. As H. L. Mencken, the twentieth-century journalist, social critic, and
freethinker noted, a man’s satisfaction with his salary depends on (are you ready for this?) whether
he makes more than his wife’s sister’s husband. Why the wife’s sister’s husband? Because (and I
have a feeling that Mencken’s wife kept him fully informed of her sister’s husband’s salary) this is a
comparison that is salient and readily available. In like manner, hearing of his colleagues or
friends’ yachts and vacation homes, a person who has previously been happy with his income
suddenly feels very poor and wants to take another route with his career.
① 보수와 행복의 상관관계는 생각보다 높지 않다.
② 사람은 자신의 연봉을 비밀에 부치고 싶어 한다.
③ 보수가 많은 사람은 시기심 때문에 남들한테 비난을 받는다.
④ 사람은 주변의 아는 사람보다 더 많은 보수를 받고 싶어 한다.
⑤ 더 많은 보수를 받을수록 주변 사람에게 더 많은 영향력을 행사한다.
2
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
We are deeply ambivalent about children. Our attitudes to children are rooted more often in myth
rather than in reality. At one moment we see children as innocents and guard them from every real
or imagined danger; at the next moment we treat youngsters as monsters from whom society needs
protection. Such attitudes serve both children and society badly. Only those with no recollection of
the childhood cruelties of the playground or the sports changing room can entertain the illusion
that children are unspoiled by the rougher ways of the world. The attempt to protect children from
every source of harm or danger will create a generation of young people incapable of looking after
themselves. Society needs to be actively concerned with fostering children’s capacity to look out
for themselves.
ambivalent 양면적인
① 아동에 대한 양면성이 부모와 자녀 간의 갈등을 초래한다.
② 부모의 언행은 아동의 가치관 형성에 많은 영향을 미친다.
③ 어린 시절의 나쁜 경험은 성년이 되어도 부정적인 영향을 준다.
④ 아동을 안전하게 지키는 것이 건강한 사회 건설의 밑거름이 된다.
⑤ 아동이 세상의 어려움으로부터 스스로를 보호할 수 있도록 해야 한다.
38
EBS 수능특강 외국어영역
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3
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
The more expert your client is in a given area, the more features (not benefits) that person needs
information about to make a decision. Knowledgeable people are going to match your message to
what they already have stored in their memory and mind. If you come across as not knowing the
actual working details of whatever your idea or proposal is, you lose. If you have quality
information, you engage the client and optimize your chances of making the sale. On the other
hand, when your client is not an expert in a certain area, less information is generally more likely to
be processed more quickly and favorably. In this case, because less is better, you want that message
to be very different. You want to share benefits and not features with this client. When the client is
not an expert, peripheral cues become crucial.
① 기업가는 틈새시장 개척을 위해 창의성을 갖추어야 한다.
② 해외에 진출하고자 하는 기업은 문화 차이를 고려해야 한다.
③ 판매자의 외모와 몸짓 언어는 고객의 호감에 큰 영향을 끼친다.
④ 제품에 대한 고객의 식견에 따라 제공되는 정보가 달라야 한다.
⑤ 선택의 기회가 많을수록 소비자는 제품 구입을 주저하기 마련이다.
4
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
It cannot be too often repeated that it is not the so-called blessings of life, its sunshine and calm
and pleasant experiences that make men great, but its rugged experiences, its storms, and trials.
Early hardship, especially, is often a blessing in disguise. It is the rough Atlantic Ocean, the cold,
dark, winter nights, the fierce “northers,” that make the British and the American sailors the
toughest and most skillful in the world. The training in the school of hardship and sorrow produces
the most able pupils, and the hill of difficulty is the best of all exercises for the strengthening of
mental backbones. Great men can no more be made without trials than bricks can be made without
fire.
norther 북풍
① 시련은 인간을 강하게 해 준다.
② 누구나 정신적인 고통을 겪는다.
③ 자연에서는 강자만이 살아남는다.
④ 생존 경쟁이 점점 더 치열해지고 있다.
⑤ 좋은 기회는 준비된 사람에게만 찾아온다.
04강 요지 추론 39
Exercises
정답과 해설 26쪽
5
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Because our society equates intelligence with school learning, children who have difficulty
developing the academically prized capacities are at high risk for feeling “stupid.” Children with
reading disabilities, for example, find it difficult to think of themselves as smart. They discount
evidence of their intelligence, such as well-developed social skills, clever problem solving in
building a soapbox car, or even above-average scores on IQ tests. The mother of one such child told
me about an incident that happened when her son Matt was playing at a neighbor’s home. The
neighbor later commented, in a surprised voice, “Matt’s really witty! I mean, I knew he was in the
special reading group ...” Her voice trailed off as she realized what she was saying, and Matt’s
mother, like every parent whose child struggles with academic learning, had to contend with yet
another person who felt that such children cannot be intelligent.
① 읽기 능력 향상은 학업 능력 향상의 바탕이 된다.
② 아이들의 능력 차이에 따른 수준별 지도가 중요하다.
③ 아이들의 지능과 학업 능력이 일치하는 것은 아니다.
④ 부모의 신뢰가 자식의 지능에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다.
⑤ 아이들의 학력에 대한 사회의 기대 수준이 지나치게 높다.
6
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
In our daily lives, all of us, no matter how determinedly upbeat, rely on what psychologist Julie
Norem calls “defensive pessimism” to get through the day. Not only airplane pilots need to
envision the worst; so does the driver of a car. Should you assume, positively, that no one is going
to cut in front of you or, more negatively, be prepared to brake? Most of us would choose a
physician who is willing to investigate the most dire possibilities rather than one who is known to
settle quickly on an optimistic diagnosis. In matters of the heart as well, a certain level of negativity
and suspicion is universally recommended. You may try to project a thoroughly “positive” outlook
in order to attract a potential boyfriend, but you are also advised to find out more about him.
upbeat 낙관적인
① 어려운 처지에 빠진 사람을 외면하지 말아야 한다.
② 안이한 낙관보다 신중하게 살피는 태도가 필요하다.
③ 주어진 상황에 대해 긍정적인 태도로 대처해야 한다.
④ 미래에 대한 근심으로 현재의 기쁨을 놓치지 말아야 한다.
⑤ 계획을 세우는 것보다 실천하는 데 더 많은 공을 들여야 한다.
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다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
It is important to take a look at the personality that you’ve created. Perhaps one of the reasons
you keep yourself from doing this is because you have been an imitator. It is not uncommon to get
hung up on this. It may help to understand that nobody can create a self from scratch. Everyone has
to do the same thing. Everybody chooses from what is available. Even though you may have built
your personality through imitation, you are not a fraud. No one else has ever put together the exact
same combination that you have. Do not forget there are only twelve notes in the musical scale, and
yet many hundreds of thousands of unique and beautiful combinations are created. It is all a matter
of how they are put together.
fraud 사기꾼, 협잡꾼
① 타고난 성격에 맞는 일을 찾아서 하는 것이 중요하다.
② 모방을 통해 형성한 자신의 개성을 긍정적으로 생각하라.
③ 평범한 것도 새롭게 이해하려고 하는 태도를 길러야 한다.
④ 인격 도야를 위해 타인과 조화롭게 지내는 것이 필요하다.
⑤ 성찰을 통해 자아를 완성해 가는 노력을 부단히 기울여야 한다.
8
다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Global climatic stability and ecological resilience are global public goods that require
cooperative global solutions, whereas fossil fuels are market goods that promote competition and
resource struggles. The transition to sustainability demands new energy sources that are “nonrival,” such as energy from the sun and wind. For example, U.S. development of cheap and efficient
solar power will not limit China’s use of this resource; moreover, China would likely improve the
technology, thus offering benefits to other users. Unfortunately, international trade institutions such
as the World Trade Organization give priority to private, market goods and services at the expense
of public goods. Countries that cannot afford renewable energy technologies will continue to burn
coal, preventing the new technologies from helping to address climate change. Open access to
information about renewable energy technologies is needed to solve this problem.
sustainability 지속 가능성, 환경 파괴 없이 지속될 수 있음
① 환경 보존을 위해 화석 연료 생산을 감축해야 한다.
② 선진국들은 후진국들에 대한 경제 지원을 늘려야 한다.
③ 국제 사회의 공조를 통해 화석 연료 가격을 낮춰야 한다.
④ 친환경 기술을 개발하는 기업에 대한 지원을 확대해야 한다.
⑤ 공익을 위해 국가 간에 재생 에너지 기술이 공유되어야 한다.
04강 요지 추론 41
Exercises
정답과 해설 29쪽
9
다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
In attempting to accomplish a group goal, meeting partners actually attempt to complete a
particular “task.” More than a single task is usually sought in most meetings, but the tasks are still
distinct. There is a tendency to mix these different tasks together, however, without recognizing
that the individual or group with whom you’re meeting may not understand what specific task is
being undertaken at a particular time. Thus, the task may be to offer advice, but the group thinks
the task is to make a decision. You may want the group to give factual information, but the group
thinks the task is to provide subjective advice. Some tasks are inappropriate for some groups. Some
tasks are incompatible with a particular meeting, although the participants will attempt them. In
planning a meeting, make clear what task it is you’re asking your meeting partners to perform.
incompatible 양립할 수 없는
① 회의 장소와 참석 인원을 미리 확정하라.
② 일의 성격에 부합하는 사람에게 일을 맡겨라.
③ 회의에서 처리할 과제의 성격을 명확하게 하라.
④ 회의의 제한 시간을 정하고 참석자들에게 알려라.
⑤ 회의에서 결정이 내려지면 신속하게 행동으로 옮겨라.
10
다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
A few decades ago, people in wheelchairs, as well as many on crutches and with strollers,
couldn’t use pay telephones or revolving doors or buy articles of their choice in a supermarket,
where many shelves were placed too high or too low to be reached with ease. Stairways needed to
be replaced by ramps. In recent years, this picture has changed greatly. Pay telephones have been
placed in lower positions, many ramps have been built to accommodate those in wheelchairs, and
other important control areas such as light switches and elevator controls have also been lowered.
But much else needs to be done. For example, most ramps were simply added to comply with laws
governing the handicapped. Both the materials selected for these ramps and their angle of incline
frequently lead to their icing up or becoming slippery during the winter.
ramp 연결용 경사로
① 파손된 공공 시설물 수리를 신속하게 해야 한다.
② 장애인에게 더 많은 취업 기회를 제공해야 한다.
③ 장애인을 위한 시설물이 더 많이 개선되어야 한다.
④ 공공 시설물에 대한 안전 검사를 더 자주 해야 한다.
⑤ 장애인을 위한 편의 시설 설치에 관한 법률을 제정해야 한다.
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11
다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Some researchers argue that food science is necessarily reductive because the entire food system
is so complex that all they can do is break the system down into isolated parts and study them. The
problem is that when nutrients are studied in isolation, we ignore the vastness of the system as a
whole, making it extremely difficult to know what any given nutrient’s effect really is within the
system. For example, the combinations in which we consume foods and drinks can have
tremendous influence on their benefit or harm. We can hardly absorb the iron in a steak if we drink
a cup of coffee with it. That simple addition of a particular liquid into the steak meal yields a
different nutritional result. In other words, if we want healthy meals, we have to understand the
entire process of eating ─ with all of the factors that affect a healthy outcome.
reductive 환원주의적인(한 현상을 구성 요소의 기능의 합으로 여기는)
① 식품의 안전성 확보를 위한 대책을 세워야 한다.
② 식품 생산과 유통의 감독 체계를 일원화해야 한다.
③ 식품에 대한 구체적인 성분 표시를 의무화해야 한다.
④ 건강을 위해 음식 섭취의 전체적인 과정을 이해해야 한다.
⑤ 건강에 필요한 필수 영양 성분을 체계적으로 분류해야 한다.
12
다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
It is true that the police have exercised a degree of discipline in handling antiracism
demonstrators. In this sense they have conducted themselves rather “nonviolently” in public. But
for what purpose? To preserve the evil system of segregation. Over the past few years I have
consistently preached that nonviolence demands that the means we use must be as pure as the ends
we seek. I have tried to make clear that it is wrong to use immoral means to attain moral ends. But
now I must affirm that it is just as wrong, or perhaps even more so, to use moral means to preserve
immoral ends. Perhaps the police have been rather nonviolent in public, but they have used the
moral means of nonviolence to maintain the immoral end of racial injustice. As T. S. Eliot has said:
“The last temptation is the greatest treason: To do the right deed for the wrong reason.”
treason 배신, 배반
① 인종 문제는 비폭력적 시위와 타협으로 해결해야 한다.
② 도덕적 수단으로 비도덕적 목적을 정당화해서는 안 된다.
③ 무분별한 시위 엄단으로 시민의 불편을 최소화해야 한다.
④ 정당한 목적을 위해 비도덕적 수단을 사용해서는 안 된다.
⑤ 정부는 평화적인 시위를 통해 표출된 의견을 존중해야 한다.
04강 요지 추론 43