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Bentley Chapter 19 Study Guide: The Increasing Influence of Europe
The Regional States of Medieval Europe
The Late Byzantine Empire: Social and Economic Problems (p. 392)
1. What happened to the free peasant class by the 11th century?
The Late Byzantine Empire: Challenges from the West (p. 393-394)
2. Describe the interactions between the Venetians and the Byzantines.
The Late Byzantine Empire: Challenges from the East (p. 392)
3. What problems did the Byzantine Empire face from the east and who finally conquered them?
The Holy Roman Empire: Otto I (p. 394-395)
4. Why was it difficult for the Holy Roman Empire to bring imperial unity to Europe?
The Holy Roman Empire (p. 395-396)
5. Read the following two sections: Investiture Contest and Frederick Barbarossa. Summarize the
conflicts the Holy Roman Empire faced in forestalling it to restore imperial rule in Europe.
Regional Monarchies in France and England (p. 396)
6. Read the following sections: Capetian France, The Normans, and Norman England. Explain how
France and England each developed regional monarchies and extended their control in their regions.
Regional States in Italy and Iberia: Church Influence in Italy (p. 397)
7. Describe the political layout and control in Italy.
Regional States in Italy and Iberia: Italian States (p. 397)
8. What city-states became prosperous from trade by the 12th century?
Regional States in Italy and Iberia: Christian and Muslim States in Iberia (p. 397-398)
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9. Describe relations between Muslims and Christians in Iberia.
Economic Growth and Social Development
Growth of the Agricultural Economy: Expansion of Arable Land (p. 398)
10. Explain the response to population pressures in Europe.
Growth of the Agricultural Economy: Improved Agricultural Techniques (p. 398)
11. What new methods of cultivation and agricultural technology led to higher productivity and how did news
of it spread throughout Europe?
Growth of the Agricultural Economy: New Tools and Technologies (p. 398)
12. What new technologies were introduced to Europe during the high (later) middle ages?
Growth of the Agricultural Economy: New Crops (p. 398)
13. What new crops were introduced to Europeans’ diets?
Growth of the Agricultural Economy: Population Growth (p. 399)
14. What accounts for population changes in Europe and were the effects?
The Revival of Towns and Trade: Urbanization (p. 399)
15. Explain the growth of cities in European society.
The Revival of Towns and Trade: Textile Production (p. 399)
16. How did the growth of towns and cities impact text production and what products were manufactured in
Europe?
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Name ______________________________________________ Date _______________ Pd ___________
The Revival of Towns and Trade: Mediterranean Trade (p. 400)
17. Describe Mediterranean trade. Include cities, goods exchanged, and people involved in trade.
The Revival of Towns and Trade: The Hanseatic League (p. 400)
18. What is the Hanseatic League?
The Revival of Towns and Trade: Improved Business Techniques (p. 400)
19. Describe the new developments in business due to the increased volume of trade.
Social Change: The Three Estates (p. 401-402)
20. Describe the roles of the three social classes that made up Medieval Europe.
Social Change: Chivalry (p. 402)
21. What was chivalry?
Social Change: Independent Cities (p. 403)
22. Describe how society began to change with the growth of cities and the conflicts that emerged.
Social Change: Guilds (p. 403)
23. Describe the social and economic role of guilds.
Social Change: Urban Women (p. 403)
24. Describe the opportunities for women in medieval Europe.
European Christianity During the High Middle Ages
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Schools, Universities, and Scholastic Theology (p. 404-405)
25. Read the following sections: Cathedral Schools, Universities, The Influence of Aristotle, and
Scholasticism: St. Thomas Aquinas. What was early education based on?
26. Describe how interactions with surrounding empires and peoples helped shape education.
27. Describe scholastic theology.
Popular Religion (p. 405)
28. While scholastic theology appealed to intellectuals, what appealed to the common people?
Popular Religion: Pilgrimage (p. 406-407)
29. How did the increase in pilgrimages in the high middle ages impact economy/industry?
Reform Movements and Popular Heresies (p. 407)
30. Describe how popular religion reflected the social and economic development of Western Europe.
The Medieval Expansion of Europe (p. 409)
The Reconquest of Sicily and Spain: The Reconquista of Spain (p. 410-411)
31. What is the Reconquista and what impact did it have on Europe?
The Crusades (p. 411)
32. In popular usage, what do the crusades refer to?
The Crusades: Consequences of the Crusades (p. 412)
33. Describe the impact the crusades had on Western Europe.
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