Unit A: Pure Substances & Mixtures (Pg. 2 – 87)
Chapter 1: Classifying Matters (pg. 8 – 33)
1.1: What is Matter? TB (Pg. 10 – 13) & PB (Pg. 1-5)
Overall Expectations: 2 Specific Expectations: 2.1, 2.5, 2.6, 3.2
PB: Pg. 4 Answer the following questions:
1. What is matter made of?
All matter is made of tiny particles (too small to be seen, unless by a microscope…)
2. How do chemists use artificial chemicals? Give on example.
Chemists can use artificial chemicals to imitate matter found in nature. Some lemonade is made from artificial chemicals.
3. Why is the particle theory important?
Scientists use the particle theory to explain things they observe.
4. Key Question: What have you learned about matter? How do particles of matter behave?
Matter is anything that has mass and volume. The particles are always moving; they move faster when heated. The particles are attracted to one another by the force of attraction. There are spaces between the particles.
TB: Pg. 13
2) What is matter? Give three examples of things that are made of matter.
Matter is any thing that has mass and takes up space. All forms of matter are made of tiny particles. Although these particles are constantly moving in random directions, they are also attracted to each other. Some examples are: A pencil, an airplane, a horse, etc.
In point form, list the five main ideas of the particle theory.
a. All matter consists of tiny particles b. There are empty spaces between particles.
c. Particles move consistently in random directions.
d. Heating particles increases their speed and the distance between them.
e. Since particles attract each other, they tend to stay together. (Force of attraction)
The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles too small to be seen. All particles have spaces between them. Particles are always moving. They are attract or bonded to each other. The force of attraction is strongest when the particles are closer together.
Try This: Explain Observations Using the Particle Theory. Complete the activity. Answer the following questions: a) What did you observe in all three mugs of water?
In all three trials, the sugar eventually dissolved completely in the water.
b) Use the particle theory to explain your observations.
When you heat the water, the particles gain energy (d,) they move faster (c), the force of attraction becomes weaker (e), and they will have more spaces (b), allowing the particles of sugar to get into the empty spaces between the water particles.
c) In which mug of water did the sugar crystals disappear most quickly?
The sugar dissolved most quickly in the hot water and most slowly in the cold water.
d) Use the particle theory to explain your observations in part c.
Same answer as in point (b) above!
PB pg. 5
1) Same as question # 3 on TB pg 13. see TB pg. 12 or PB pg. 3 for the answer. Just copy.
2) What stops these objects from flying apart is the particles are attracted to each other, so they stay together because of the
FOA.

1.2: More about Matter (Pg. 14 – 17) & PB (Pg. 6-11)
Overall Expectations: 3 Specific Expectations: 21. & 3.2
PB: Pg. 10 & TB Pg. 16.
1. What are the three states of matter? Same as question # 2 TB page 16.
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
2. What is the state of each of the following materials? Same as question # 4 TB page 16.
A rock = solid grape juice = liquid air = gas
3. Why does water change from a solid to a liquid when heated? Same as question # 3 TB. Pg. 16
When you head the solid, the particles gain energy , they move faster , the FOA becomes weaker, and there will be more spaces . This will cause the solid to turn into liquid.
4. Which states of matter have a definite volume? Why do they keep the same volume?
Solids and liquids have definite volume. The FOA hold the particles together so the volume does not change.
5. Key Question: What makes solids, liquids, and gases different from each other?
They are different because of the movement and arrangement of the particles.
6. Define the followings: An extra question added…
Mass: The amount of matter “stuff” in a substance.
Volume: A measure of the quantity of space occupied by an object.
· What are the three states of matter? Complete the chart.
State Shape & Volume Spaces
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Definite shape &
Volume
Definite volume, No definite shape
No definite shape and no definite volume
Very close together
Far apart
Farthest
Movement
Vibrate
Fast
Fastest (free)
Force of Attraction
Very strong
Weaker than solid
Weakest
Changing States: PB: Pg. 11
1. This question is the same as #5 TB. See PB. Pg. 8 or TB. Pg. 15 for the answer. Just copy.
2. Complete the table by writing “Yes” or “No” in each box.
Solid: Y & Y Liquid: N & Y Gas : N & N
3. Choose the state of matter for each material.
Apple juice: liquid water vapour: gas wood: solid

1.4: Pure Substances and Mixtures TB (Pg. 20 – 21) & PB (Pg. 12-15)
Overall Expectations: 2 & 3 Specific Expectations: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, & 3.3
PB: Pg. 14 & TB Pg. 21.
1. #1 TB & #2 PB a) What is a pure substance? Give three examples. B) What is a mixture? Give three examples.
Pure Substance: It is a form of matter in which there is only one type of particle. Ex: distilled water, table salt, and table sugar.
Mixtures: A mixture is a form of matter in which two or more pure substances are combined. Ex: tap water, steel, and air.
2. Same as question # 1 ABOVE.
3. # 3 PB and same as # 4 TB: a) Why is it dangerous to place batteries in the regular garbage?
Batteries are a mixture of pure substances. Some of the pure substances are poisonous.
b) How should you get rid of batteries?
Battery parts should be carefully separated and recycled.
4. Key question: How are pure substance and mixtures different from each other? Same as question # 1 TB.
Pure Substances: Substances made of just one type of particle.
Mixtures: Substances made of two or more pure substances.
TB. #3: Is milk a pure substance or a mixture? Explain how you know.
Milk is a mixture of water, fats, and other substances. This can be hard to see because most milk looks like just one type of substances. You can tell milk is a mixture though, because if you let it sit out it will separate into solid and liquid parts.
PB Pg. 15
2. …Is this (orange) juice a pure substance? Why or why not?
Juice is really a mixture of different kinds of particles, such as water, sugar, and vitamins. Juice is not a pure substance, even if it is labelled “pure.”
1.6: Mechanical Mixtures and Solutions TB (Pg. 24 – 27) & PB (Pg. 16-21)
Overall Expectations: 2 & 3 Specific Expectations: 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, & 3.4
PB: Pg. 20 & TB Pg. 27.
1. Use your own words to describe a mechanical mixture. Same as TB # 2a
In M.M., the different particles are unevenly mixed, so you can usually see the different types of matter. (The mixture looks like many substances put together.)
2. Use your own words to describe a solution. Same as TB # 2b
In a solution, the particles are evenly mixed, so the solution only appears to be a single type of matter (you cannot see the different parts of a solution).
3. Name one mechanical mixture and one solution. Same as TB # 3
MM: soil, granola bar, and omelette Solution: grape juice, tap water, air
4. Key Question: How is the arrangement of particles in a solution different from the arrangement of particles in a mixture. TB # 4
Particles in a MM are not mixed evenly. They stay together in groups. Particles in a solution are mixed together evenly.
EXTRA QUESTIONS:
1) Use the terms homogenous and heterogeneous to describe the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution.
When a solute completely dissolves in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture the mixture is called a solution. When part of the solute remains undissolved, or does not dissolve at all, the resulting mixture is heterogeneous, or a mechanical mixture.
2. Complete the followings: a) The word heterogeneous means different kind . Heterogeneous mixture, also called mechanical mixture , which means two or more substances can be seen and felt after they were mixed together.
b) The work homogeneous means same kind . Homogeneous mixture, also called a solution , which means that the pure substances were mix together so completely that the mixture looks and feels as though it is made of only one substance.

Chapter 1 - Review (pages 32 – 33)
1. What is matter? Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space (volume).
2. List the five main ideas of the particle theory.
a) all matter consists of tiny particles c) particles move continuously in random directions e) Since particles attract each other, they tend to stay together.
b) there are empty spaces between particles d) heating particles increases their speed and the distances between them
4. What are the main difference between the particles of a solid and the particles of a gas? See # 3 above
5. a) What is a pure substance? b) What is a mixture?
A pure substance contains only one kind of particle.
A mixture contains two or more pure substances..
6. Draw a picture to show the difference between the particles of a pure substance and the particles of a mixture. See Fig. 3, pg. 20
7. Is clear apple juice a pure substance or a mixture? Explain your answer.
Clear apple juice is a mixture. It is made up of different kinds of particles, including water, sugar and various vitamins.
8. Tap water contains small amounts of minerals and other chemicals. Is tap water a pure substance or a mixture? Explain.
Tap water is a mixture because it contains small amount of various minerals and chemicals in addition to water particles.
9. a) What is a mechanical mixture?
Mechanical mixture is a mixture in which the various types of materials in the mixture are visible.
b) How is a mechanical mixture different from a solution?
The various kinds of particles in a solution are evenly mixed together. Consequently, solutions have a uniform appearance very similar to that of pure substances.
12. Use the PT to explain why you can see the different parts of a mechanical mixture, but not the different parts of a solution.
The particles in a mechanical mixture do not mix uniformly together. Because there are so many identical particles clumped together, each type of matter is visible. In a solution, the particles mix uniformly together. Each individual particle is too small to see, so the solution takes on a uniform appearance.
16. Michael blew up a balloon in his room. When he took the balloon outside, it got bigger. Was it hotter or colder outside than in his room? Use the particle theory to explain your answer.
It was hotter outside, since the balloon got bigger. Heat causes particles to move more quickly and to travel greater distances. The heated particles inside the balloon gain energy, move faster, weaker FOA, expand. They were pushed with greater force against the balloon, causing it to expand.
17. When an ice cube melts, do the particles of the ice cube change to a different type of particle? Explain why or why not.
No, the particles do not change to different types of particles. The difference is that they are moving more quickly, which causes them to break the bonds holding them in solid form.
18. Linda says that a glass of orange juice with pulp in it is a solution. Robert says that it is a mechanical mixture. Do you agree with
Linda or Robert? Explain why.
Robert is correct. Since you can see the pulp in the orange juice, it is considered a mechanical mixture.
19. Can you tell if a liquid is a pure substance or a solution by looking at it? Explain why or why not.
No. The particles in a solution are mixed uniformly together; consequently, no single kind of particle stands out and the solution takes on a uniform appearance, as though it were composed of a single kind of particle.
22. John added a spoonful of salt to a glass of water. He stirred until the water was clear again. What kind of mixture did John make?
Explain.
John made a solution. The salt particles have dissolved completely in the water, creating a uniform mixture that appears indistinguishable from pure water.
23. Tina says, “A solution can have only two different kinds of particles.” Deepa says, “A solution can have many different kinds of particles.” Who do you agree with? Explain.
I agree with Deepa. A solution can have many different kinds of particles. The only requirement is that they mix evenly together, giving the result a uniform appearance.