AP Biology Unit 4 (Ch 12-15) Study Guide
Vocabulary:
­ Addition rule
­ Alternation of generations
­ Anaphase
­ Anaphase I
­ Anaphase II
­ Anchorage dependence
­ Aneuploidy
­ Apoptosis
­ Autosomal
­ Barr body
­ Binary fission
­ Carrier
­ Centrosome
­ Codominance
­ Complete dominance
­ Crossing over
­ Cyclin
­ Cyclin-dependent kinase
­ Cytokinesis
­ Deletion
­ Density-dependent inhibition
­ Dominant
­ Epistasis
­ Equational
­ Exons
­ F1 Generation
­ F2 Generation
­ G0 Phase
­ G1 Phase
­ G2 Phase
­ Gametophyte
­ Genotype
­ Hemizygous
­ Heterozygous
­ Homozygous
­ Hybridization
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Incomplete dominance
Independent assortment
Inversion
Karyotype
Linkage
M Phase
Metaphase
Metaphase I
Metaphase II
Multifactoral characters
Multiplication rule
Mutations
Norm of reaction
P generation
Phenotype
Pleiotropy
Polygenic inheritance
Polyploidy
Prometaphase
Prophase
Prophase I
Prophase II
Recessive
Reductional
S phase
Segregation
Sex chromosome
Sex-linked disorder
Somatic
Sporophyte
Synapsis
Telophase
Telophase I
Telophase II
Transformation
Translocation
Big ideas to ponder:
­ What processes ensure that all offspring (except monozygotic twins) created through
sexual reproduction are genetically unique? How does this relate to evolution?
­ In what ways do cells regulate the cell cycle? What types of problems can occur when this
regulation goes awry?
ND Standards included in this Unit:
11-12.4.2
Explain how the use of DNA technology may impact society.
11-12.4.3
Explain how change through time has ensured adaptation to changing environments.
11-12.6.2
Explain examples of how new technologies advance science.
11-12.1.2
Identify the structure, organization, and dynamics of components within a system.
11-12.1.4
Explain the relationship between form and function.
AP Standards for this Unit:
3.A.2
In eukaryotes, heritable information is passed to the next generation via processes that
include the cell cycle and mitosis, or meiosis plus fertilization.
3.A.3
The chromosomal basis of inheritance provides an understanding of the pattern of
passage (transmission) of genes from parent to offspring.
3.A.4
The inheritance pattern of many traits cannot be explained by simple Mendelian
genetics.
3.C.1
Biological systems have multiple processes that increase genetic variation.
4.C.2
Environmental factors influence the expression of the genotype in an organism.
4.C.4
The diversity of species within an ecosystem may influence the stability of the
ecosystem.