Blankets
for
theDead
tl'. l{G'lv. An rrcanfu.
upr6rtd
by wlnr u$nr,m
and oxpnzbn
et
]@ num.'3i|r't
b t'g/,''..
For
''c.V
w.n.tmpry &rv.r,
ten,,,'Ab,,,
b€ck by o,,'d no/,'|E. or rfro rlrrcr
4 vr6tdrc.. ftle,'', ta lalto, r
gov.'''Dl.n bo,,' ryt fi|prt c$y
,'rnovrr'€
l,o,fu. Atr'.rk rr.l'!,/n
ah. Eot .rn U.S,
tl'. ,n'rcval4lho clrrclcot
O'p,9b ht trs,,ro L.c''rt
''om
kaown o. ,tr frt,l oJ f.d,'' 16 atd.
v.r., tn ,&, marv .wh a,ot|,, ot tl'.
atb,
cl|Eltsw+ cl'lrkaawo
hn'/aobr end.t w Hb. w.n
Jortd ,o cfFa*o.r rh* ho?mldnA..
.
r,rRl Tllr\ 1( [\TL,R\.
.:,r(!.h.r,l$rr(heJh^rrhc
. .r.J rhcnrhc|nrreJ\riie,
| .rs.r\ rr rhtir uld rnhrt rerdror!
. : . {r .rirtrr.err}.,
ihc},exchanged
onemore
: :.r ,,al.rfdtor onernorep.omise
ofrespecr
I-'t
li
I
I he Cherokees,
tikemosrEasr€rnrribes.
sidedwith thc Britishdurinsthe Revoiu_
tnrrlry V.r because
theyfearedthara. inde,
pcndcarAnrc.ican.epubticwouldtake
over
thcir I.nd. Shorrti,afte.the war, theirf€ars
J*ptred a, rhe ne$ governmenrct,rmed
a ot
tne remarnrngCherokeeporrions of
No.th and
sourh ctrotma and parr ofthose in
Tennessee.
5h.unlen. subirctedto consranrha.assment,
in
rhecrrt\ 1800(rh! ( heroteeN ari on
. dopr eda
ne\ straregrto. surlreal.
The trrbe atreadr countedamong irs num_
.
ber man) B i rnshrrudeFi nd s" tdrer s
who over
rhe yearshad marnedC hrratee som en.
Now
the Indians beganro adopr the $.avsofwh;r€
outsrd€rs.Many took up Chrisrian;r!. They
De8anto rcptacetheir smil srick-and-warrle
"A (ounky
MoreSuifoble"
Gov.mmdt l'rE'i.. wirh
,h. tndEn' chim.A h.r
,..novol w. in rh.
lndiont' b.tt int M''
Tu *-inol.
'naion"
6tP..r
lr.rordl wirh iu4
lh. .oli<irod. monif..rcd
by th. PErid..r of tc
U.ii.d Sr.r.t tor rh.
i|npd.m.nr ol rh.ir.ddilion, by Gomrundins o
n,fiOvol lo o @.lry mo6
.uir.bl. ro rh.i. hobit. ond
Mntr thon thc on. th.y ar
pr€onr c.upy i. rh. r.ni- U.S. f6ry with
S.midoLt,1832
Ifi. Che.ow p6pl..
nd thor flrt hd. ..d.d
rhC. l.nd., oF 6ll.i.ou
ro
g.r ro rh.ir n.w hon.r o.
Frt or po.!ibl., ond
6..ordin9ly rh.y *iih rhor
o po.t my b. p.rditi.d
to pEod
tfii. foll ro
o*.riEin wh.ebour.
will
b. rc.t odvdntogeur for
th.ir p.opl. t b.ld.t.d.
- U.S, frety whh
Chqtaw', | 832
th. Chi.kor.w nonon
find t.m|.lv.!
oppo..d
in rh.h p6r.nr rituorion.,.,
B.ing ignoronr of rh. lon'
9u.9. .nd low. of th.
whir. nan, tfi.y .on.ot
und.r.rond or o5.t th.6,
lotd
rhon |l,bni
o thi5
gmr ryil, rh.y p]!C.r to
nk o hoh. in lh. rcd,
wh.r rh.y noy liv. o.d
hc gpwh.d by lficir ryn
- U.S. r@ty drh
Chickatow.,lA33
1 ,,,1
n . s rl i l ,ruf \ rtrru11\In.r(1.ol l ,)8\.
,ri l .L ,,,, l )rj .k\ If\r l f rr.rk.A s,,!e !,,r
t ,,, .r,r,ls ,' ' l e| (' tht,, us. .r h(rri .,,, ! l l ,.
\.h ,r, .h i l (l rrn l Jr.rrkf(l rl ).,, .r Lrh
' j , rr. .rfJ l ..rrn.,tt(, r..r,l ,r h,rh l rD sl\h
.rrJ ( Ii .,,,k .. 1l l ), ,,,rf,rn,,,,(,i .r,.rl rh.r
,L r 1 ,1.r l j .,l , ( l [.i )1... ],,,1isl ,ri r n n
, ,:ri LL l\.,t,,,) \.,1,[rn,{ hr rl ,. ( ]hfr)kc.
L ,ri !Lr!.
L r,rr, $ i i fi o, nrn,.l ( l h!n)kc.
t.r| ,,,,. rL l l Llrhe n. h crrrh ,Jirhc rrl l f\ \
\ . i rr n ),.1 1 , ir,r.rhrl \ i n{l cqri f.rrnr. t,L\r
.r' s rrr,\ | .rfturi l rrl | rn .nrl \. \(i .rr
s f.rl rh \ ( h f,,j k.. l .rn(l (^\..f\.\e. f,,r
1 . Is l - drr (.hf11,l rr N .rti rrr.rri opr,{
. c ,)n rri i u rk lrhr\rd (,r rhi t ol rhf I nrtu\l
S ri k\. l h{ r{i l l ,i srf::.
n.w \r.r1l r ..rl l .J /,
hf..rnrf th. r,r' r \ ,r
hf ( h,,,t,,.
,l i J,r' r1.... : . r. ir ( nr r |f rwh r . \
f f er r t r Jlr er ) .
l r,rr..r l ,.,,,..
r:r,,,,.\hoh. f r $f Jdr e
l frl L,,r.,,, , .i r ,,.rJ rhe Unslishsect ionoi
rh. I nr 1' (rL ,rtr\1,.rfer.
'
\ ( , r!r(.' f)rr i rorr ( ; e( ) r lir lt r pcr , L
.rtu,1rh,fr.ur ,,r rhf (l h.n ) kc. s. r r . r gc br
i
frl .l .l \ J..hfl nr rhrr thc I ndi. nr s, ) his
.r.rrf l r\.J ,). .r .rudc dj .t {, 1. ( x, is. nr dr ct
ri l r\. I)ufl ng.r W .shi .gn,n dnt r r crpr r t v. . r
!i srr,nN(.hcr(,ktcl ei der rrr r der pr r nr of
AndrewJackson,
who hadrisenro fame
by wagingwarsagainsrrheCreekIndiansin
Alabamaand rheSerninoles
in Ftorida,won
the presidency
in 1828on a canpaignpromise
of freeland for whitesertters.
Jacksonpromoc
ed th€ idea(fi.st proposedby Thomas
of movinstndiansinto uns€ttted
Jefferson)
prairiewesrofthe Mississippi
to makeroom
for whites.In mid-May1830,
Consress
saveJacksonhis
wish by passingrheIndian
RemovalAct. The law seta
newcours€for Indian/whire
relations.No longerdid rh€
governmenr
prer€ndro d€sire
peaceful
coexistence
within
Th€ Choctawsof
Mississippi
wererhefirsr
Sourheastern
tribeto be
removedro rheWest.The
Creeksof Alabamaaodthe
Chickasaws
of Mhsissippiand
Tennessee
wererelocated
nexr.Beginning
in
183J,rheSeminoles
in Floridafoughroff the
U.S.Army for sevenyearsb€forefinaltygiving
up theirhomeland.
The Cherokees
knewrheirturn was
coming.Theyknewabourrhesufferings
of rhe
askingrhelegrlarorro prs -(ir,,* 1.,:.- by whichhe meantrheprr(E!. lo r:ri,.r-.
it couldbesridrhar-sl!rse.! - \ s In rh. .\ r
of rheb€holder.
The Ch€rokees
h'd transfo.medrhcrr.ut
ture in a single8€neradon,
in hopesoi prorrng
rheirhumanityto theirwhiteneighbors
and
gainingthe right to live undisturbed.
Sti ,
whenit cane ro chanSing
thegovernmenfs
attitud€rowardIndians,culturaltransforma
tion wasnl enough.DespirerheouNard signs
of equality,rhernajorityofwhitesstill regard,
ed Cherokees
asisnoranrandinferior.This
pr€iudicewasheisbrened
by sreed:Whires
crav€dIndianlandfor rhemselves.
And, in
Georgiain 1828,the dhcoveryof sotd nade
tharlandev€nmoredesirable.
win'€ rylts 6rard I 820.
USond lHElvl . It
5y5remspr6d cp dly anons
o rh .. rri b c s .Bu t th e C hcrokccshl d ketr rh.i r
h rrh i n .r!i l i /.tx nr. l n l 8.l l . thc\ h.tJ
i tF rl e d to th c tl . S .S utr.nr. (,)u,r rrJ
!v (n rth c ri s h r r) ,cnr.ri ni nJ.f.i (l .i ,r Ikl nl l
|t'eChe@l€. n fie 13205,
siYis rne ro $e publ.or on
ol $e |nd 66k ond nry:pa
tigl . fl'e f'omeol ch cl lcF"
Rosii Ron'i a G!
dcm.l
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e
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n' rr.rl .l L\l r* ,\\,ttl h,tncph e, : , \ ; r r . r r r , 1t 1.
he u.r' pl .rl rg rr thi trcrt r , r r l r her nr cn
. LuJ
f r$i f.n
tr
g
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\rtrn ,Ah { rfr
..r. s ,rp e l i l r< , rh r
,r \,mh t i n ,ti ..r l w h ri (
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' i. . , i \ , ) r r h (ti n )l rn .. (i c ()rg i r.
. . nr . r r d . r b .D r.ru n i i l rh c n r.rs \i !c
'\
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I i, , , r t f w ol r h . (th fn ,l ,c f\. rh . J i ri r.u l r
Sovoges
n r828 - 6e some),eorrheche.ote
I
Pho€ni\b€sonpubl(orion- N@h
I
I W€brterisruedh,sAme.i.onDK ono.y
ol rheEnglhhLonguose.Ihis
wosfie {irsr
nowdictionory
producedn rtreUn;red
Siotes,
ondin we findfie lollo-;ngdefi-
.rLfru thr \1.r\ :
-
\i rl r nrrl .,l ,,rhrn! rf.l rr,-.:., -::.
I l ).\. co.r.r(ntr\ s,i { ,,ri (f { , t,: :
r rtl .rnsrr l rl i ,rn l i rcs i ,r thc..rt, ,,,.r:
p rofi t S prrl cJnc.rr .rnrti l ,\r ..,u\.J r r,t,
\ trci {l \r!kn.s\. Irrn)rD .rrr.f,rrj (.,,1rr\.r
h orts nrrdc tl nrvri ngs crnnrrrpi ree.
Vrff l fdi rn\ prct.rrr(lro * .rtk r.rrhcrth,rn
l , ornl rhc tl c.rthrhi pr.'
r\ sunrrr.r(i !)!shr hrIc(] ri \fr rrN .l
rf d n),r.{ l nrxr ()i rhr ( hei (,1..\ r(, s.rtr
rr thc .rf)tJ\. \' h .h rnr0urtcl t0 u i ttj cr
ft \s r,r!n)\. l ) { .r\cs I kf.h(tcf.r LJ
Ahco ond rhePocifici5onds,represenred
hufroniry;n it5of g .ol note Rorherrhon
Slindsoulslon n do,k"ess nobtesovoge:
were 5en 05 be.. r..C b! noilre (hor
p i tobl e,hufi tui .-:, :' :...re' !
i h ew ofdso{ w e.!.'
ho d n o l y e l b ! . . . *I n s n o r Pc o " '. ! .
.: :: :-e-- L€
: - : .:-r.
imoge, howe'e.
SAVAGE,n. A hu.l/,c'n
&ing ir hh
nofw stoteot tudaass; onewhois
unnughr,uncivilizedor withoutcuhivotion
of nind or nonners.Thesovossof
anerico, whenunconupredby t{o vices
or ctvilizadnen,ore remorkoble
for ken
hospitdlVto strcngets,ond tor kob ttuth,
,delity and srontudeto thenhiends,bul
tnplocoblycrwl and rennsclul owtds
8ehnd iheironyof websier,s
o(onpe urkriremixedhel;nsshor monywhib
Ahercon5hetdbword6e Indions.
on
theonehond,fie id< of rhe"noblesovoge"hodb€enoroundsincefie oncienr
Greks trbftone e'pe.iollypopulorin
Elrop€dlrins $e lSthond t9h centuries,whenscenceb€on io chollense
non/ religiou!o$!mptions.
Accordn9 to ihisvie, Americon
lndions,
like$e notNeinhobiionh
of
revensetulsr,c
" " * :.-:
. ,.- :: ;:- th eIndi onchoroc.e.
fi e pol i cesoroc..-: ::
.
---:-:
w e rei n onf w o, . . :-. :
meyencol n€re . -.-: -. -:.,€!
-.s
.. :^- . .o5
l o o di i turb,ng
i cf
-.!.
muchmorecoore.e-. .:
" d ons
os fundome.rcy 3 re'e- !:- - ond
-:.:
inleriorro - *n 'es 1.-cs ,et{e6oi
couldocknowlecae*€ "_-c. t ol
lndionsin tfen, E". -rcr ng $em os
equos wou d fo,e c.c $sed h s visionol
on expondingUr redSbres
Since*h 'e seiilerscoudnlo
rd ro
seeo reso.ob e.o!5e Ior Indionvio
lence,theyusedrlris olenceto iurit il'en
"
own. Indionresironceonly srrengAened
theirresove ro r d rhe londol who hey
consideredo physicolond moroldonger.
Ihis viciols.ircle o{ reosoiingcous€d
whiresro commiide€dsAor betiedhen
own cloimsio "€ivilizotion.'
ilokingRoon
h tA3O, P@. Anaow
Ja.k.q.u
in d ,ot
congrc.t hit @.ont lot
Pntnrtrrpy
coH nor
*irh b rd tfiir .onrimnr
r.rro6d b rh. Gondition in
whi.h ir-!r foqnd by osr
ior.iot!.r..
ttnEr g@d
rnon wqrld pnfrr a <osnr.y.owr.d
wi t ior..tt
.nd renr.d by . a.w
thour..d &vo!trr ro out
.x|.nriY. R.publl.,.tudd.d wlrh .|il.r, row'r.,
.nd pErp..oor t!.ft.,
-. o..r,pLd by mor! rho.
l2,OOo,0OOh.ppy p.opl., oEd fill.d wirh oll rh.
bb..ing. ot lib..ry, .Mlir.ri6., qnd Fligion?
Ih. pE..rt polict ot
*r C-vhh.ni
i! brt r
.drinFrion
of rh. tonr.
pr.'E riv. .}E.!o by o
mild.r pr...r., !ft. rrlb..
whi.h d.upl.d rh. €oonna. now .ondiftrrlng rh.
lolt m Siot r mr. onnlhiler.d or hov. m.h.d
owct ro mak. rco'n io.
rh. whh...
fhD y.a.ti, t . , pn.
to.kr.n mod. ln. potn
Ihor iho{ hlb.. .sn
t|ot dl.l &rcrrnd.d by
ou. ..n|:n|.nr| ..d in
.onrinuol .onrc.r with ou.
.itia
L G.rtin. Th.y
how n.irh.r *t. inr.lli.
g.Eo rh. indurrrt, tt|.
rEEl bobir., .o. rhc
d.lirr of imprsv.n.d
wfikh aF..tmtiol
ro ony
towrcbl..hong. in tC.
USond1HEM. 19
d l s c n tc rl s prcrrlqui ckl vl ,cerurcoi thc
o p p r.l s i v ch.rr !nd .vc,.nnr(l i fs. \ l .n\
(.h c rrk rc sd i cd bctorcthc i ,rrrro hrJ
leflerlron o
ftottow Chief
h hit lA32 "br'€t
b Jh.
Cho.raw Chi.J A.orA.W
H.*int
tooghr to.xpoh
th. d.<.pri@ dnd n nipulatioa bchind th. got€mmni" lndian polky.
a
lr i. ..id rhor @. PFrnr
wlu.rary o.r! - .och i!
no h. .o... w. tound
our..h..lik
. b.nldi.d
.trcng.r, following f.l!.
guid.., onril h. w.t roF
rcr|nd
on .r.y .id.,
wi r fib q w.r.t,ll|.
fitt
Mr ...bin dcrrrqtid,
.nd o f..bl. hoP. w. hft
him of .r.oping by w.Lr.
A di.r.nt vid ol rhc
opporlr. .hore .|EuE!..
th. hop.r ro nmoin would
b. in.vit bL ..nihilodon.
Who wosld h..lbr., or
who suld .oy rh.r hit
plunging inio th. st
t
wo. hl. ryn volsntory
o.|? Poinful ln rh. .xtrom.
i. th. mon&r. of @.
.xpul.ion. W. r.grot th.t
ir rhoold prd..d lrcm *'.
moqrh of osr prot .sd
fricnd, ond ior whom our
blood eo. .omninslGd
will| rhol of hir brov.tt
worrio.., on rh. ti.ld of
lur.u.h i. rh. in.r.biliry of p.ot rdon..Ih. don
who ..id rh.r h. would
plonro ok .nd dr.w.
lin. orcund ur, thot ..wr
.hould b. p.rFd, Mr rh.
fiE .o Fy h. G@ld not
guord th.r lin., .nd d|!w
lcontnusd.rpas.2t)
l r ().r, )1r.r.rh. rrfr.ri r fg l l .l rl )l )
(l h c ro L c r.rer. s,,nu: .r..l rl rl .l r.n In rh.
e .rrrr. s rn . ,r,1,r, J r,, r.rrl rrf$h,rr l ).1(ng
,rg r th e ' .r,rLl J..tr. .rrr.ll .cgi r nr(^l ng
,,r L .\. A rm\ v,l
\\' c s t.rr,l c r tl ,, ,:1..,r.1
.
\r
r,
,.rJ
rr.tLkrhe ti rrrs
J ro ' .
tu ,,:,
n .rrrg .r1
c .r
, r.r, i .,,: ,,,11..J rl )r ft).tr| \r()
q !.u ,f ,!. ( .l ,, ,r1,.,l i ,,r,Fhr,,c\r
tp rJ c rr,.' , ,t ,
r :,r.,rrgl , ,rnJnc.rses.
.
rtol png pl .rcc
l h f Ir,,,
^..!11,fl
. , I r.(\ \h.r. rh.
,, rl ro. $.rsr\ ef,,u{h
'
.. ,,,\(f.J rhe b,{ l i $,,i
rr,.
.
I
.. r ,..,1rl tr \.rnrfdrl l l .rl rtr* .
l .' n,l l .dN ndn(' r.rtf .r
l (, I h,s(l .rr..
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AP US History
QUESTIONS FROM “BLANKETS FOR THE DEAD”
1. In what ways did the Cherokees try to conform to European ideas of
civilization? Why?
2. How does the “roots/potatoes” incident highlight cultural bias?
3. What is the tone of the letter from Choctaw Chief George Harkins?
What is his attitude toward the government’s policy of Indian Removal?
4. Describe the Indian removal from north Georgia. Was the evacuation
carried out according to plan? Explain. What were the holding camps
like? Why did many Natives choose to walk rather than ride the boats the
government provided?
5. Why did the U.S. government continue to view Natives as a problem
after the Trail of Tears? What strategy would the government use next?
6. Why, according to the article, did Jackson favor removal of the
Natives? How did he compare the Indian Removal to death? In what sense
was Jackson’s attitude intolerant?
7. Overall, what is your evaluation of Indian Removal? Appropriate?
Explain your position.