Health and Disease
http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/steth.htm
Misconceptions
• Heart disease is associated with being over the age of 50.
Misconceptions
• A “sign” is something that is visible, while a “symptom” is
something that must be described by the person who is ill.
Is this a sign
or a symptom?
Misconceptions
• The heart muscle is irreplaceable once it is diseased and
damaged?
Misconceptions
• Smoking is one of the leading causes of heart disease?
What factors contribute to heart
disease?
“controllable *” vs “non
controllable”.
•
•
•
•
•
lack of exercise*,
smoking*,
high blood pressure*,
diabetes*,
high cholesterol*,
• Age,
• genetics,
• family history of
heart disease.
Ways to lower blood pressure when treating
hypertension “high blood pressure”
• Medications - reduce cardiac
output
• Vasodilators -reduce blood
pressure
• Diuretics - reduces the volume
of liquid in the body
Nitroglycerine
• a vasodilator: increase the
diameter of blood vessels
(especially coronary arteries)
• mimics the natural “fight and
flight” mechanism
bypass surgery
The effect of nicotine
• can cause “atherosclerosis”.
What is the range of “normal” blood pressure?
140 over 90
What happens if your numbers are higher than this range?
you have high blood pressure, or hypertension.
Why is hypertension dangerous?
• it causes the heart to work
extra hard
(ENLARGED
HEART).
• contributes to heart attacks
and stroke.
How can hypertension be treated?
• diet and exercise
• Diuretics
• Beta blockers reduce the
heart rate and the heart's
output of blood.
How can you monitor the heart?
• arrhythmia
-irregular pattern
of the heart's beat.
• murmur - blood is
seeping through
the closed valve
separating the
atrium and
ventricle.
X-ray
• shows size and position
• It can also show any obvious deformities.
Angioplasty
• common methods
for exploring the
heart.
• The last resort is
open heart
surgery.
Angina: When the heart is deprived of oxygen,
chest pain or chest tightness occurs
Your heart is worth learning about!
What is the normal resting pulse rate
for someone in your age range?
Answer:
•Approximately 60-90 bpm
•Athlete ~40- 60 bpm
•Lance Armstrong 32 bpm
Your heart is worth learning about!
What is Canada’s recommendation for the amounts of
exercise teenagers should get?
Answer:
•60 min moderate to
vigorous daily
•Vigorous at least 3
days/week
•Activities that strengthen
bone and muscle 3
days/week
Your heart is worth learning about!
What is your target heart rate during exercise – Age
16?
Answer:
•Novice: 82-102
•Beginner 102-122
•Average 122-163
Your heart is worth learning about!
What is your maximum heart rate (MHR) you should
reach before encountering risks to your health?
Answer:
•MHR = 220 - age
Which organs have
increased blood flow
during strenuous exercise?
Answer:
Heart, muscle, skin
Explain, in terms of cellular
respiration, why each of the changes
shown is advantageous.
1. Increased skeletal muscle blood
flow…
2. Increased systolic arterial
pressure…
3. Decreased resistance in blood
vessels…
4. Increased cardiac output…
All of these changes serve to meet
the needs of the muscle cells
during increased cellular
respiration! What is the relationship
between cardiac output and
cellular respiration?
The increased cardiac output
delivers more blood per minute to
muscle, delivering the needed
oxygen…