Honors Biology Study guide Unit 5 test (Genetics, Meiosis, Reproduction)
Please answer all questions in complete sentences on a separate piece of paper.
Please read all of Discovery Asexual and Sexual Reproduction and Genetics. You are responsible for that
material. Some of the self-assessment questions may be on this test!
1. What are the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction?
2. Explain meiosis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and fertilization. What type of reproduction are
they found in?
3. The genetic make-up of a sexually reproduced offspring is unique to both of its parents.
4. What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring?
5. What was the difference between Mendel's experiments in the area of heredity and those done by
earlier researchers?
6. What is the scientific study of heredity called?
7. Who is regarded as the “father” of genetics ?
8. How did Mendel obtain his P generation ?
9. What did Step 1 of Mendel's garden pea experiment, allowing each variety of garden pea to selfpollinate for several generations, produce?
10. What does Mendel's law of segregation state? What does it relate to?
11. What does Mendel's law of independent assortment state? What does it relate to?
12. Why does the fact that the garden peas that Mendel used mature quickly relate to his experiment?
13. Compare and contrast phenotype and genotype.
14. Please define homozygous,
15. Please define heterozygous,
16. Please define recessive alleles
17. Please define dominant alleles.
18. If a genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring, is that trait most likely recessive or
dominant? Explain.
19. An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are
crossed. How many different phenotypes are possible for the offspring to exhibit?
20. What did Mendel's finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of
another became known as ?
21. How did the discovery of chromosomes provide a link between the first law of heredity that
stemmed from Mendel's work and meiosis.?
22. Cross the following parents. Aabb X aaBb Go through all 7 steps showing your work.
23. Given these Parent’s phenotypes - a female fly with blue eyes and short wings (homozygous for
this trait) is crossed with male fly with red eyes (homozygous for this trait) and long wings.
Traits.......
A = red eyes, a = blue eyes
B = short wings, b = long wings
Go through all 7 steps showing your work
24.
monohybrid cross?
25. What is the expected
cross?
26.
monohybrid cross?
27. What would you use to determine the unknown genotype of an individual with a dominant
phenotype ?
28. What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a
homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
29. What is the probability of a trait that occurs in 450 individuals out of a total of 1,800 individuals?
30. Compare and contrast sex-linked characteristics and non-sex-linked characteristics.
31. Since the allele for colorblindness is located on the X chromosome, what do you know about
colorblindness?
32. What is a diagram in which several generations of a family and the occurrence of certain genetic
characteristics are shown called?
33. In humans, how can the risks of passing on a genetic disorder to offspring can be assessed ? (list
at least 3 things)
34. How many different phenotypes can be produced by a pair of codominant alleles?
35. What are some common traits that are controlled by multiple alleles in humans?
36. What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an B allele from one parent and an O
allele from the other?
37. What is a change in a gene due to damage or being copied incorrectly called?
38. Compare and contrast sickle-cell anemia and hemophilia.
39. What are haploid and diploid cells?
40. Where are haploid and diploid cells found in the body?
41. What is the function of each stage of meiosis?
42. When does crossing over occur? Why is it important?
43. What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
44. Why are there four different gametes at the end of meiosis instead of only two different types?
45. When does crossing over occur in mitosis?
46. What are spermatogenesis and oogenesis? How are they similar and different?
47. What is fertilization?
48. What is non-disjunction and are the effects of non-disjunction?
49. What are some examples of aneuploidy, monosomy, trisomy?
50. What is Mendelian inheritance?
51. What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
52. What are the definitions of homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, and phenotype?
53. What are Mendel’s laws of inheritance?
54. How are the results of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses diagrammed?
55. What are the effects of multiple alleles, codominance, and incomplete dominance on phenotype?
Essay questions: (NOTE: this information will also be tested in multiple choice questions)
1. Draw and label and the stages (both of them) of meiosis. Describe what happens in each stage.
2. Explain how meiosis and Mendel's principles are related to each other.
3. Explain the steps in Gregor Mendels’ experiments on pea plants.
4. Explain Mendel's principles of segregation and independent assortment. Explain the concept of
dominant and recessive genes
5. Be able to find the phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross, using the steps below and showing work:
a. List parents’ genotypes
b. List parents’ phenotypes
c. List gametes
d. Draw & fill in Punnett square (gametes on top row and side row)
e. List the offspring genotypes and find number of each type.
f. Describe phenotypes of offspring and the numbers.
g. Find phenotypic ratios* most important