10/26/2009
Essential Question:
The Jacksonian Era
Was Andrew
Jackson…
OR
Champion of
the
“Common Man”?
Jeffersonian
Democracy
VS.
created by Jefferson
origin?
capable, well educated
leaders should govern in the
people’s interest
(gov’t “for the people”)
chiefly agricultural
limited democracy to chiefly
its political aspects
disagreed with loose
construction
Jacksonian
Democracy
“King”
Andrew?
The Population Center
Moves WEST
Jackson was a product of the
movement (not vice versa)
the PEOPLE should manage
government government affairs (govt. “by
the people”)
and the
people?
type of
economy?
agricultural AND rising
industrialization
scope of
democratic
influence?
expanded democracy beyond
political aspects to include
social and economic factors
BUS?
saw it as a monopoly of the
rich
Voting Requirements
in the Early 19th Century
Transitioning Towards Democracy
in the Jacksonian Era
By 1828 most
states had…
Which meant…
removed property and religious
qualifications for office holding and
voting
most white males could vote
(universal white manhood suffrage)
fewer appointed officials
increased the number of elected
state and local officials the will of
the people
shortened the terms of office
gave the people a greater check upon
elected
spoils system in local and state
politics
while could be abused, also gave new
opportunities for office-holding
1
10/26/2009
A “Democratic
Revolt of the
People” ???
The Election of 1824
Voter
Turnout:
1820 1860
The Election of 1828
•1,155,350
voted
355,817
voted
The Reign of “King Mob”
Indian Removal
•
•
•
•
Jackson’s Goal?
Goal?
Indian Removal Act (1830)
(1830)
Cherokee Nation v. GA
(1831) states could not
seize land
Worcester v. GA (1832) GA laws had no jurisdiction
in Cherokee territory
“John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce it!”
• Was this ethnic cleansing?
• What circumstances might
have influenced this decision?
Transitioning Towards Democracy
in the Jacksonian Era
Elections before 1832
Two-party system returned by 1832
Clay
Adams
Webster
Elections after 1832
presidential candidates of each party
were named in a caucus of a few
party leaders
presidential candidates selected by a
larger number of active party members
at a nominating convention
Presidential Electors were chosen by
state legislatures
nearly all states allowed voters to
choose these Electors
no 3rd parties
Anti-Masonic Party: first 3rd party in
U.S. Presidential election
no serious attempts to appeal to the
masses
popular campaigning in presidential
& state political races (“baby kissing,”
parades, rallies, floats, etc.)
DemocraticDemocraticRepublicans
Appealed to..
• bankers
National
• merchants
• manufacturers Republicans
• large landowners
(1828)
Core ideas…
• strong fed. gov.
• Clay’s American
System
• moral reforms
• Ham. ideals
Whigs
(1832)
Democrats
(1828)
Jackson
Van Buren
Appealed to..
• small farmers
• emerging
business class
• working class
Core ideas…
• opposed an allpowerful federal
government
• urged greater
democracy
• Jeff. ideals
2
10/26/2009
1832 Tariff Conflict
Election
of 1832
What were the
main issues?
The WebsterWebster-Hayne Debate
•
Tariff of 1828 “Tariff of
Abominations”
•
Tariff of 1832 new, lower rates
•
South Carolina’s
reaction?
•
Jackson’s
response?
•
“Compromise”
Tariff?
Nicholas
Biddle
The Bank War
“Soft”
(paper) $
Sen. Hayne
Sen. Webster
• What did he think about
judicial review?
• Was he a patriot?
• How did he reject the
states’ rights
argument?
• What did he prefer to
nullification?
The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
President
Jackson
“Hard”
(specie) $
• state bankers felt
it restrained their
banks from issuing
bank notes freely
• felt that coin was
the only safe
currency
• didn’t like any bank
that issued bank
notes
• supported rapid
economic growth
& speculation
• suspicious of
expansion &
speculation
The Specie Circular (1836)
fed. $$$ put
into “pet banks”
attempt to restrain
the “wildcat banks”
buy land only with
gold or silver coins
(specie)
banknotes lost
their value
land sales
plummeted
• 1832 Jackson vetoed the BUS
• 1836 the charter expired
• 1841 went bankrupt
credit not
available
businesses
began to fail
unemployment
rose
The Panic of 1837
3
10/26/2009
Enlarged the
power of the
presidency
Converted the
veto into an
effective
presidential
power
Political parties
seen as a
positive good
4