Name: ______________________________________________________________________________
Sections 3.1 & 3.3: States of Matter & Phase Changes (1 st Page is only Section 3.1)
1. Fill in the Chart
State
Solid
Shape
Definite
Volume
Definite
Arrangement of particles or Atoms
Packed tightly in an orderly arrangement with slight vibration
Liquid Variable Shape Definite Slightly spread out and a little more random
Gas Not Definite Not Definite Very random movement, lots of energy
2. True or False : The fact that a copper wire can be bent shows that some solids do not have the same shape. FALSE
3. What state of matter has neither definite shape nor volume? GAS
4. What determines the shape and volume of a gas? IT’S CONTAINER
5. On the sun, where temperatures are really high, matter exists in a state known as PLASMA.
6. Kinetic Energy is the energy of an object due to its motion.
7. Circle the phrase that describes all particles of matter in the kinetic theory of matter. a. randomly c. in constant motion b. constant temperature d. orderly arrangement.
8. True or False: There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter. TRUE
9. Why can scientists ignore the forces of attraction among particles in a gas under ordinary circumstances? The particles in a gas are apart and moving fast, so the forces of attraction are too weak to have a noticeable effect.
10. True or False: Because of the constant motion of the particles in a gas, the gas has a definite shape and volume. FALSE
11. Do the forces of attraction have a stronger effect on the behavior of the particles in a gas or liquid?
Liquid
12. Circle the letter of each factor that affects the behavior of liquids. a. fixed location of particles b. constant motion of particles c. orderly arrangement of particles d. forces of attraction among particles.
13. Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate in fixed locations.
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14. Endothermic means heat is taken in and Exothermic means heat is given off.
15. Complete the Chart
Endothermic Phase Changes
Solid to Liquid
LIQUID to GAS
Exothermic Phase Changes
LIQUID to Solid
Gas to LIQUID
Solid to GAS GAS to Solid
16. What is a phase change?
A phase change is the reversible physical change that takes place when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.
17. Match the terms with the description. a. Solid to Liquid b. Liquid to Gas c. Gas to Solid d. Liquid to Solid e. Gas to Liquid f. Solid to Gas
___D___ Freezing
___F____ Sublimation
___E____ Condensation
___A____ Melting
___C____ Deposition
___B____ Vaporization
18. What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change? The temperature of a substance remains constant during a phase change.
19. True or False & EXPLAIN!
The temperature at which a substance freezes is lower than the temperature at which it melts. FALSE, they happen at the same temperature
20. Circle the letter that describes the behavior of a substance during a phase change. a. neither absorbs nor releases energy b. always absorbs energy c. always release energy d. either absorbs or release energy
21. Put endothermic or exothermic on the lines. A substance absorbs energy from its surroundings during an endothermic change. As water freezes, it releases heat to its surroundings. Freezing is an example of an exothermic change.
22. True or False : Water molecules have a more orderly arrangement in ice than in liquid. TRUE
23. When liquid water freezes, the average kinetic energy of its molecules DECREASES, and the arrangement of the molecules becomes more orderly.
24. Vaporization is the phase change in which a substance changes from a LIQUID into a GAS.
25. The energy absorbed by ice as it turns into a liquid is known as the heat of FUSION and the energy absorbed as water changes from a liquid to vapor is the heat of VAPORIZATION.
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26 . True or False: When water vapor collects above the liquid in a closed container, the pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor and the walls of the container is called vapor pressure. TRUE
27. The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas into a liquid is called
CONDENSATION.
28. True or False: A gas absorbs energy as it changes into a liquid. FALSE
29. Compare and contrast the processes of evaporation and boiling by completing the table below.
Process
Evaporation
Phase Change
Vaporization
Where it Occurs
At the surface of a liquid
Temperature
Below the boiling point of the liquid
Boiling Vaporization
Throughout a liquid At the boiling point of the liquid
30. Dry ice can change directly from a solid to a gas without forming a liquid first. This process is an example of SUBLIMATION.
31. What is deposition? Deposition is the phase change in which a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without changing to a liquid first.
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