HS 325 : Ch. 14, 15 & 16
Physical Activity and Fitness Enhancement
Quick Review :
What are the 4 components of perceptual motor learning?
Wed,
Oct. 18: Reserve Articles 4 & 5
MEET IN THE GYM DRESSED FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY!
Wed, Oct. 25: Test #2 Review Sheet will be posted online
Due Wed, Nov. 1: Article Summary (rubric posted online)
Components of Perceptual Motor Learning
Grouped according to the perceptual motor qualities they enhance
Body
Awareness
Spatial
Awareness
Directional Awareness
Temporal
Awareness
Physical Activity and Fitness Enhancement
Ch. 14 Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Ch.
15 Strength and Flexibility
Ch.
16 Body Composition
Skillful Movers
Individuals who move with
Control
Efficiency
Coordination
….in the performance of fundamental or specialized movement tasks
Physical Fitness
Health -Related
Improved quality of life
Lower risk of illness

Not directly related to
athletic skill
Performance (Skill)- Related
Closely related to athletic skill
Influenced by practice, skill development, and genetic predisposition
Health Related Fitness Components
Muscular Strength


Muscular Endurance

Cardiovascular Endurance

Joint Flexibility
Body Composition
Performance-Related Fitness Components
Balance

Coordination
Agility
Speed
of Movement
Reaction Time ~ Movement time
Power
Training Principles of Fitness Development
Crucial in the development and maintenance of fitness
Overload
Specificity
Progression
Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Anaerobic: Without Oxygen
Vigorous, but short duration
Aerobic:
With Oxygen
Less Vigorous but sustained
Developmental changes in Anaerobic Performance Chart
Anerobic Performance improves steadily with age and growth:
p. 235
Body
Size Increases (fat-free muscle mass and muscle size)
Increased glycogen content in muscles
Increased phosphate concentrations
Developmental changes in Aerobic Performance
Key terms:
Hemoglobin- Protein in the blood that carries oxygen
Hypokinetic Circulation- Cardiac output less than an adult’s
Cardiac Output: Product of stroke volume and heart rate
Maximum Oxygen Uptake: Highest amount of O2 the body can consume during aerobic
ex.
Cardiac output increases with age/growth
Refer to chart on p. 238 Text
Key Developmental Factors:
Smaller hearts =‘s faster heart rate but less cardiac output
Lower blood hemoglobin concentrations (affects oxygen-carrying capabilities)
Mobilize their aerobic systems faster than adults
Maxiumum O2 uptake is related to body size(lean body mass)
Endurance Training in Children
Refer to chart on p. 244
Response predictable in adults but NOT in children
Difficult to distinguish between increase in O2 uptake due to growth vs. training.
Children mature at different rates- ‘early maturers’
Aerobic Training on Prepubescent Children (pre-adolescents) Chart on P. 244
Control
Group/Experimental Group
Activity was not associated with an increase in maximum 02 uptake (BEYOND the
INCREASE DUE TO GROWTH)
Adolescents:
In adolescents activity WAS associated with an increase in maximum 02 intake
(Beyond that due to growth)
WHY??!
What accounts for the difference?
Hormonal Levels
Hormonal Responses
High Activity Rates (outside of formal program)
(Fitness) Principle of Individuality
Each person improves their own level of fitness at his/her own rate.
- Environmental Circumstances
- Hereditary Characteristics
Implications for fitness testing based on normative standards
INFORMED Movers
Able to apply fitness concepts in their own lives

◄ Independent Exercisers
FITT Principal
Frequency~ Intensity~Time~Type
◄ Healthy Eaters
The NEW Food Guide Pyramid (vs. The ‘OLD’ Food Pyramid p. 93)
Eager Movers
Willingly participate in vigorous physical activity
The 4 C’s (Curt Hinson):
Choice
Challenge
Curiosity
Creativity

Active Movers- wide variety of activities
Playful Movers- give it a name and make it a game!
Partners with Parents
Reserve Article #5 A Big Rise in Injuries Among Young Athletes


Overuse
(single sport vs.multiple sports)
Technique
Protective Sports Equipment
Fitness level
Warmup- Cool down
Coaching Certification
Proper
Overuse Injuries in Children and Adolescents
Reserve article #6 The Physician and Sports Medicine
John Difiori, MD Jan, ‘99
Preventing Overuse
(Overuse) Red Flags
Rapid Growth
Inflexibility (muscle Imbalance)
Prior Injury
Inadequate Conditioning
Anatomic Misalignment
Too-rapid training progression
Inadequate Rest
Inappropriate equipment/footwear
Uneven or hard surfaces
Incorrect Sport Technique
Adult or Peer Pressure
Camouflaged
Fitness!
CUSTOMIZE!
Design Age and Developmentally Appropriate Fitness Activities for each age group:
Primary
Elementary
Middle
School
School
Primary~Elem~MS~HS
High
Be ready to PLAY on Wednesday!