CHAPTER 22: THE BATTLE for NATIONAL REFORM
PIB AMERICAN HISTORY
I. INTRODUCTION Theodore Roosevelt became president as a consequence of the assassination of William
McKinley, but he quickly moved to make the office his own. In many ways, Roosevelt was the preeminent progressive,
ye1 it sometimes seemed that for him reform was more a style than a dogma. Although Roosevelt clearly envisioned a
more activist national government, the shifts and contradictions embodied in his policies toward trusts, labor, and
conservation reflect the complexity and diversity of progressivism. Despite being Roosevelt's hand-picked successor,
President William Howard Taft managed to alienate Roosevelt and other progressive Republicans by his actions
regarding tariffs, conservation, foreign policy, trusts, and other matters. In 1912, Roosevelt decided to challenge Taft
for the presidency. When he failed to secure the Republican nomination, Roosevelt formed his own Progressive Party.
With the Republicans divided, Woodrow Wilson won the presidency. In actuality, Wilson's domestic program turned
out to be much like the one Roosevelt had advocated. In the Caribbean, Wilson continued the pattern of intervention
that Roosevelt and Taft had established.
II. CHAPTER OUTLINE: THE EVIDENCE of HISTORY (terms, people & groups, issues & events) A. THEODORE
ROOSEVELT AND THE MODERN PRESIDENCY ([pp600-601]pp602-608)
"...that damned cowboy is
President of the United States!"
"the bully pulpit"
arbitration
"square deal"
conservation
executive order
reclamation
public domain
Theodore Roosevelt J. P.
Morgan Upton Sinclair
The Jungle 1906 Gifford
Pinchot
National Forest Service
John Muir
Sierra Club
Hetch Hetchy Controversy
McKinley's
Assassination
Sep
1901
Department of Commerce and Labor 1903
Bureau of Corporations
Northern Securities Case 1904
Anthracite Coal Strike 1902
Elkins Act 1903
Election of 1904 (P)
Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act 1906
Pure Food and Drug Act 1906
Meat Inspection Act 1906
Newlands Act 1902
Bureau of Reclamation
Panic of 1907 ("Rich Man's Panic")
US Steel & Tennessee Coal and Iron
Election of 1908 (P)
The American Environment: Saving the Forests (pp606-607) B.
THE TROUBLED SUCCESSION (pp608-611)
"New Nationalism"
schism
"fit as a bull moose"
William Howard Taft
Richard A. Ballinger
Louis Glavis
Gifford Pinchot
Theodore Roosevelt
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
1909
Ballinger /Pinchot Controversy 1910
Mann-Elkins Act
1910 Election of 1910 (C)
Progressive Party
1912
C. WOODROW WILSON AND THE NEW FREEDOM (pp611-613)
"New Freedom"
coalition graduated tax
"unfair trade practices"
Woodrow Wilson
Col Edward M. House
Louis Brandeis
Election of 1912 (P)
Underwood-Simmons Tariff
1913
Sixteenth Amendment
1913
Seventeenth Amendment
1913
Federal Reserve Act
1913
Federal Reserve Board
Federal Trade Commission Act 1914
Clayton Antitrust Act
1914
Election of 1914 (C)
Federal Farm Loan Act
1916
Keating-Owen Act
1916
Adamson Act
1916
Smith-Lever Agricultural Extension Act 1914
D. THE "BIG STICK": AMERICA AND THE WORLD, 1901-1917 (pp613-618)
"Speak softly, but carry a big stick."
"civilized" and "uncivilized"
"Yellow Peril"
"Great White Fleet'
yellow fever
"dollar diplomacy"
interventionist
Theodore Roosevelt
John Hay
Philippe Bunau-Varilla
Walter Reed
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Portfirio Diaz
Victoriano Huerta
Venustiano Carranza
Pancho Villa
GEN John J. Pershing
Open Door Policy
Russo-Japanese War
Treaty of Portsmouth
Nobel Peace Prize
Gentleman's Agreement
Roosevelt Corollary
Panama Canal
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Panamanian Revolution
Hay/Bunau-Varilla Treaty
Nicaraguan Revolution
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Tampico Incident
Veracruz
1899
1904-05
1905
1906
1907
1904
1904/1914
1901
1903
1903
1909/1911
1905/1916
1915/1918
1914
1914
E. SIGNIFICANT EVENTS and CONCLUSION (p618-619)
III. ADDITIONAL READINGS: Shi, David E. and Holly A. Mayer. For The Record. A Documentary History of America.
Volume Two. W. W. Norton, Inc., 1999.
T.Roosevelt:
W. Wilson:
Report of the Industrial Commission (1901)
p143/144
from Message to Congress (1901)
from The New Freedom (1913)
p145
p148
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)
p126/123