Nerve supply of the gluteal / thigh regions
Obturator ~ Exits pelvic cavity from lesser sciatic foramen. Supplies motor innervation to the adductor longus,
brevis, and magnus, and the obturator externus
Femoral ~ Runs in the ventral portion of the thigh, inside the femoral triangle. Supplies motor innervation to the
iliopsoas and pectineus and to the quadriceps femoris
Superior Gluteal ~ Exits pelvic cavity superior to the piriformis muscle. Supplies motor innervation to the gluteus
minimus and medius, and to the tensor fascia latae.
Inferior Gluteal ~ Exits pelvic cavity inferior to the piriformis muscle. Supplies motor innervation to the gluteus
maximus.
N. to obturator internus ~ Supplies motor innervation to the superior gemellus and the obturator internus.
N. to quadratus femoris ~ Supplies motor innervation to the inferior gemellus and the quadratus femoris.
Sciatic N, tibial branch ~ Exits pelvic cavity as combined nerve inferior to the piriformis muscle. Supplies motor
innervation to the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and the biceps femoris.
Blood supply of said regions
Superior Gluteal A. ~ supplies same muscles as the nerve.
Inferior Gluteal A. ~ supplies same muscle as the nerve.
Lateral & Medial Circumflex Femoral AA. ~ supplies the head and neck of the femur
Profunda Femoris A. ~ a branch off the femoral artery which supplies most of the muscles in the thigh.
Veins are named similarly
Nerve supply of leg and foot
Sciatic N, tibial branch ~ The sciatic nerve splits off into two branches just superior or within the popliteal fossa.
Supplies motor innervation to the soleus, gastrocnemius, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, and the
flexor hallucis longus.
Sciatic N, superficial fibular branch ~ the other branch of the sciatic, the common fibular branch, splits again into
the superficial and deep branch. The superficial fibular, along with some of the deep fiblar, together
innervate the fibularis longus and brevis.
Sciatic N, deep fibular branch ~ this nerve along with the superficial fibular takes care of the inverters of the foot.
It supplies motor innervation also to the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus.
Medial Plantar N. ~ once the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve reaches the foot, it branches into the medial and
lateral plantar nn. The medial plantar nerve is responsible for innervating the flexor digitorum brevis,
abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, and the first lumbrical of the foot. It runs between the first and
second muscle layers of the foot.
Lateral Plantar N. ~ This nerve runs between the third and fourth muscle layers of the foot and innervate all other
foot muscles. These include the other three lumbricals, the interossei (both dorsal and plantar), adductor
hallucis, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, and the abductor digiti minimi.
Sural N. ~ This nerve runs out of the popliteal fossa, along the most posterior aspect of the leg. It provides sensory
innervation to most of that area.
Saphenous N. ~ This nerve also runs out close to the popliteal fossa and heads medially, running alongside the
saphenous vein. This nerve supplies sensory innervation to most of that area.
Blood supply of leg and foot.
Popliteal A. is what the femoral a. is referred to once it crosses the popliteal fossa. It gives off superior and inferior
lateral and medial geniculate branches, which supply the knee. It then branches into the anterior and
posterior tibial arteries. The posterior tibial artery branches once more, into the posterior tibial artery and,
more laterally, the fibular artery. The anterior tibial artery runs anterior to the interosseus membrane
between the tibia and fibula, while the posterior tibial and fibular arteries run in-between the superficial
flexors of the feet and the deeper flexors of the toes.
Posterior Tibial A. ~ supplies most of the muscles in the posterior of the leg, the superficial and deep flexor
compartments.
Anterior Tibial A. ~ supplies the muscles in the anterior and part of the lateral portion of the leg.
Fibular A. ~ supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg.
Medial and Lateral Plantar AA. ~ supply blood to the foot. The medial plantar artery is smaller and supplies the
big toe and the medial aspect of the index toe. The lateral plantar artery joins with the dorsalis pedis branch
of the anterior tibial artery to form the deep plantar arterial arch. This arch runs inbetween the third and
fourth layers of muscle in the foot.
Small Saphenous V. ~ runs alongside the sural nerve and drains the lateral venous plexuses of the foot. Begins on
the dorsum of the foot, runs posterior to the lateral malleolus of the ankle, and drains into the popliteal
vein.
Great Saphenous V. ~ runs alongside the saphenous nerve and drains the medial venous plexuses of the foot.
Begins on the dorsum of the foot, runs anterior to the medial malleolus of the ankle, and drains into the
femoral vein after running through the saphenous opening on the anterior portion of the thigh, just
inferior to the inguinal ligament.