Honors Biology Test Cell Unit
11.16.11 & 11.17.11
Name: _______________________
Part I. Matching organelle function.
a. mitochondria
a. nucleus
b. cell wall
b. cytoskeleton
c. nucleoid
c. flagella
d. chloroplast
d. pilus
e. nucleolus
e. lysosome
a. cell membrane
b. golgi (apparatus)
d. peroxisome
e. secretory vesicle
a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. vacuole
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. cytosol
e. endospore
c. centrosome
a. Storage granules
1. lysosome This organelle breaks things down in the cell that are no longer needed.
2. peroxisome Protects the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.
3. cell wall The organelle which is responsible for giving the cell shape, protecting it,
and controlling what goes in and out of the cell. Found in plant, fungi, and
bacteria cells, but NOT animal cells.
4. smooth ER This organelle has a variety of functions, depending on what type of cell it
is found in. For instance, in liver cells it is responsible for breaking things
down, whereas in muscle cells it is involved in calcium release for muscle
contraction.
5. centrosome Where microtubules are produced. Also, responsible for the production of
spindle fibers during cell division. The organizing center of the
cytoskeleton.
6. vacuole The organelle where water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. This
organelle is much larger in plant cells than in animal cells.
7. secretory vesicle Cell secrections (for example, hormones and neurotransmitters are
packaged in these organelles and then released at the cell’s surface).
8. cell membrane This organelle is the “gatekeeper” of the animal cell. It controls what
comes in and out of the cell.
9. mitochondria The organelle in which energy is produced. The powerhouse of the cell.
10. cytosol The liquid gel-like substance in the cell.
11. nucleolus This organelle produces ribosomes.
12. nucleoid DNA in the bacterial cell is generally confined to this central region.
13. storage granules A place where nutrients and reserves are stored in the form
glycogen, lipid, or polyphosphate molecules.
14. endospores structures that are highly resistant to drought, high temperature and other
environmental hazards, and can produce new bacteria populations.
15. pilus (pili) Hairlike structures made of protein which allow bacteria to attach to other
cells or surfaces.
16. flagella A whip-like tail which allows the cell to move.
17. chloroplast The organelle where photosynthesis takes place. Found in autotroph cells.
18. cytoskeleton This organelle gives the cell shape, and is involved in cell division.
19. golgi apparatusThis organelle is responsible for packaging and transport in the cell.
20. rough ER This organelle is located next to the nucleus, and is studded with
ribosomes.
21. nucleus The control center of the cell. Where the DNA is housed.
Section 2. Cell Structures
Using the word bank, please mark your answers on your scantron for the diagram
questions below. The options are NOT organized by diagram, but there IS one
option for each.
a. Mitochondria 23
b. Chloroplast 30
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 25
d. Cell membrane 22
e. Golgi apparatus 28
a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 24
b. Nucleus 27
c. Vacuole 29
d. Cell wall
e. Cytoskeleton 26
23
22
24
25
26
30
29
28
31
27
Section 3. Discovery of Cells and Early Microscopes.
Match the following scientists to the BEST description of their work.
a. Leeuwenhoek
b. Robert Hooke
d. Theodor Schwann
e. Matthias Schleiden
a. Rudolf Virchow
32. Hooke Coined the term cell after observing cells in a cork.
33. Schwann Proposed that animals are made up of cells.
34. Schleiden Proposed that plants are made up of cells.
35. Virchow Proposed that cells come from other living cells. “Omnis cellula e
cellula”
36. Leewenhoek Greatly improved the compound microscope. First observed Protists
and blood under a microscope.
37. The cells of multicellular organisms are:
a. Smaller than those of unicellular organisms.
b. Simpler than those of unicellular organisms
c. Specialized to perform particular functions.
d. Not dependent on one another.
38. If the cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a
a. plant
c. animal
b. prokaryote
d. eukaryote
33. All bacteria contain (choose the best answer)
a. multiple cells
b. capsules
c. nuclei
d. prokaryotic cells
e. outer membranes
Section 4. Cell Transport.
Label the following diagram with the following structures.
34. B
a. phospholipid molecule
35. C
b. protein channel
36. E
c. carbohydrate chain
37. D
d. protein
38. A
e. phospholipid bilayer
35.
37.
36.
38.
34
Label the phospholipid molecule
Using the following word bank choose the best description below.
a. Osmosis
b. Active Transport
c. Sodium-Potassium Pump
d. hypertonic solution
e. Endocytosis
a. Facilitated Diffusion
b. Exocytosis
c. hypotonic solution
d. isotonic solution
e. Passive Transport
39. passive transport A type of cellular transport that requires no energy input, and moves
particles from high to low concentration.
40. hypotonic solution A solution that has fewer solutes than inside the cell.
41. sodium-potassium pumpA specific example of active transport. This system is one
thing that is critical for proper muscle functioning.
42. active tranportWhen particles are moved against the concentration gradient, or from
low to high concentration. This requires energy.
43. osmosisA specialized type of diffusion: when water molecules move across a
semi-permeable membrane with the concentration gradient.
44. endocytosis A cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment. A type of
active transport. Also a type of bulk transport.
45. facilitated transport The passive transport of materials across the plasma membrane
with the aid of channel proteins.
46. hypertonic solution This is a solution with more solutes than the cell that is in the
solution.
47. exocytosis The expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell. This is a common
method of releasing waste and hormones. This is a method of active
transport, and a type of bulk transport.
48. isotonic solution When a solution contains the same concentration of solutes as those
in the cell.
49. Amoebas and other unicellular organisms might eat through:
a. diffusion
c. endocytosis
b. osmosis
d. exocytosis
45. In the egg demonstration, which of the following was taking place? (Choose the best
answer).
a. diffusion
c. endocytosis
b. osmosis
d. exocytosis
Label the following with a (A) for passive transport, or an (B) for active transport.
46. active endocytosis
49. Active Sodium-Potassium Pump
47. passive Osmosis
50. Active Exocytosis
48. passive Diffusion
51. Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion
58. Which organelle does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?
a. mitochondria
c. lysosome
b. vacuole
d. chloroplast
Free Response. Choose 3, 10 points each.
1. Write the three original components of the cell theory.
Describe the difference between diffusion, osmosis and facilitated transport.
2. Explain what happened in the egg demonstration. Make sure to use specific terms to
describe the types of solutions involved, and the type of transport involved.
Short Answer: Use the diagram below to answer the following questions:
A student put together the set up shown below. The selectively permeable
membrane is permeable only to the water.
Side
A
Side
B
= Sugar
= Water
1. Which side of the set-up contains a more concentrated solution? ___________
2. Predict what will happen to the particles in the set-up over time.
a. Why does the phenomenon in question 2 occur?
b. What is the name given to the phenomenon in question 2?
3. Once equilibrium is reached in the set up, will the molecules continue to move?
Why or why not?
4. If the diagram represented a cell, what method would the cell have to use to
transport the sugar molecules across its membrane if the concentration of sugar
molecules was higher inside the cell than outside the cell?
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions: (Test tubes are arranged 1,2,3
from left to right.)
5. Of hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic, what type of solution is found in test
tube one? How do you know?
6. Of hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic, what type of solution is found in test
tube two? How do you know?
7. Of hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic, what type of solution is found in test
tube three? How do you know?
Essay: Answer the following in complete sentences that show you thoroughly
understand the concept.
How are osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated transport similar? How are they different?
Bonus:
1. Chlorophyll a appears
a. yellow-green because these wavelengths are reflected by the pigment
b. yellow-green because these wavelengths are absorbed by the pigment
c. blue-green because these wavelengths are reflected by the pigment
d. blue-green because these wavelengths are absorbed by the pigment
2. Where do plants obtain phosphates from (for the formation of ATP)? Heterotrophs?
3. Is the ATP of ADP molecule more stable?
a. ATP
b. ADP
4. Trace back the energy in your favorite food to energy converted through
photosynthesis. Be specific!
5. What types of molecules CANNOT pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer and
WHY?