BI 231 - Anatomy and Physiology 1
Muscle List
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Muscle
frontalis (frontal belly of
occipitofrontalis)
orbicularis oculi
zygomaticus
Origin(s)
epicranial aponeurosis
medial margin of orbit
zygomatic bone
Insertion(s)
skin of eyebrow, bridge of
nose
skin around eyelid
corner of mouth
orbicularis oris
maxillary bone & mandible
lips
buccinator
alveolar processes of maxilla
& mandible
zygomatic arch
orbicularis oris
temporalis
platysma
temporal bone
fascia of chest (upper thorax)
& neck
mandible (coronoid process)
mandible & skin of cheek
sternocleidomastoid
sternum (manubrium) &
clavicle
mandible & temporal bone
(mastoid process)
temporal bone (styloid
process)
mandible (mylohyoid line)
temporal bone (mastoid
process)
hyoid
sternum (manubrium) &
clavicle
sternum (manubrium) & 1st
costal cartiage
hyoid
masseter
digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
lateral surface of mandibular
ramus
hyoid
hyoid
Action(s)
raises eyebrows, wrinkles
forehead
closes eye
retracts and elevates corner
of mouth (smiling)
compresses, purses lips
(kissing)
compresses cheeks
(whistling)
elevates mandible & closes
jaw (primary muscle of
mastication)
elevates mandible
tenses skin of neck &
depresses lower lip /
mandible (frowning)
flexes neck & rotates head
depresses mandible &
elevates larynx
elevates larynx
elevates floor of mouth and
hyoid bone; depresses
mandible
depresses hyoid & larynx
thyroid cartilage of larynx
depresses hyoid bone &
larynx
Muscles of the Shoulder and Anterior Thorax
Muscle
serratus anterior
Origin(s)
upper ribs (1-9)
scapula
Insertion(s)
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
clavicle, sternum (body), &
ribs (2-6)
upper ribs (3-5)
humerus (greater tubercle &
intertubercular groove)
scapula (coracoid process)
deltoid
clavicle & scapula
humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
latissimus dorsi
humerus (intertubercular
groove)
teres major
spinous processes of inferior
thoracic and all lumbar
vertebrae, ribs (8-12) &
lumbodorsal fascia
scapula (inferior angle)
Action(s)
protracts shoulder; upward
rotation of scapula
flexes, adducts, & medially
rotates humerus
depresses and protracs
shoulder; downward rotation
of scapula; elevates ribs
abducts humerus; (ant.)
flexes and medially rotates
humerus or (post.) extends
and laterally rotates humerus
extends, adducts, & medially
rotates humerus
teres minor
scapula (lateral border)
humerus (intertubercular
groove)
humerus (greater tubercle)
extends, adducts, & medially
rotates humerus
laterally rotates humerus
1
Muscles of the Posterior Thorax
Muscle
levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
trapezius
erector spinae (really 3
groups of muscles)
Origin(s)
transverse processes of
cervical vertebrae (1-4)
spinous processes of upper
thoracic vertebrae
spinous processes of
vertebrae C7 to T1
occipital bone, ligamentum
nuchae, and spinous
processes of all thoracic
vertebrae
iliac crest, vertebrae, and ribs
3-6
Insertion(s)
scapula
scapula
scapula
clavicle & scapula
ribs and vertebrae above the
origin
Action(s)
elevates scapula
adducts scapula &
downward rotation
adducts scapula &
downward rotation
elevates, retracts, depresses,
or rotates scapula; elevates
clavicle; extends neck
extends vertebral column
and/or neck; lateral flexion
of vertebral column
Muscles of the Body Wall
Muscle
rectus abdominus
pubis
external oblique
ribs 5-12
internal oblique
external intercostals
ilium (iliac crest) and
lumbodorsal fascia
ilium (iliac crest), lower ribs
(6-12), and lumbodorsal
fascia
inferior border of each rib
internal intercostals
superior border of each rib
transversus abdominus
Origin(s)
Insertion(s)
costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 &
sternum (xiphoid process)
ilium (iliac crest) & linea
alba
Inferior ribs, xiphoid process
& linea alba
linea alba & pubis
Action(s)
depresses ribs, flexes
vertebral column
compresses abdomen,
depresses ribs & flexes spine
compresses abdomen,
depresses ribs & flexes spine
compresses abdomen
superior border of rib below
elevates ribs during
inspiration
depresses ribs during
expiration
inferior border of rib above
Muscles of the Arm
Muscle
biceps brachii
Origin(s)
scapula (coracoid process)
Insertion(s)
radius (tuberosity)
brachialis
humerus (anterior distal
surface)
humerus (ridge superior to
lateral epicondyle)
scapula & humerus
ulna
Action(s)
flexes elbow & supinates
forearm (turns corkscrew &
pulls cork)
flexes elbow
radius (styloid process)
flexes elbow
ulna (olecranon process)
extends elbow
brachioradialis
triceps brachii
Muscles of the Forearm
Muscle
supinator
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin(s)
humerus (lateral epicondyle)
and ulna
humerus (medial epicondyle)
& ulna (coronoid process)
humerus (medial epicondyle)
humerus (medial epicondyle)
& ulna
radius
Insertion(s)
Action(s)
supinates forearm
radius
pronates forearm
base of 2nd & 3rd
metacarpals
pisiform, hamate, & base of
5th metacarpal
flexes & abducts wrist
flexes & adducts wrist
2
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
extensor digitorum
humerus
humerus (lateral epicondyle)
& ulna
humerus (medial epicondyle)
& anterior of ulna and radius
humerus (lateral epicondyle)
base of 2nd metacarpal
base of 5th metacarpal
extends & abducts wrist
extends & adducts wrist
midlateral surface of
phalanges 2-5
posterior surface of
phalanges 2-5
flexes digits 2-5 and wrist
extends digits 2-5 and wrist
Muscles of the Hip
Muscle
iliopsoas (= iliacus + psoas
major)
gluteus maximus
Insertion(s)
femur (lesser trochanter)
gluteus medius
Origin(s)
vertebrae (T12-L5) & ilium
(iliac fossa)
ilium (iliac crest), sacrum, &
coccyx
ilium (anterior iliac crest)
gluteus minimus
ilium
femur (greater trochanter)
tensor fasciae latae
ilium (iliac crest & anterior
superior iliac spine)
iliotibial tract
adductor longus
pubis (inferior ramus)
femur (linea aspera)
adductor brevis
pubis (inferior ramus)
femur (linea aspera)
adductor magnus
pubis (inferior ramus) &
ischium (ischial tuberosity)
femur (linea aspera)
femur & iliotibial tract
femur (greater trochanter)
Action(s)
flexes hip
extends & laterally rotates
thigh
abducts & medially rotates
thigh
abducts & medially rotates
thigh
flexes and medially rotates
thigh; tenses fascia lata
which laterally supports the
knee
adducts, flexes, & medially
rotates thigh
adducts, flexes, & medially
rotates thigh
adducts, & medially rotates
thigh
3
Muscles of the Thigh
Muscle
rectus femoris
semimembranosus
femur (proximal half of linea
aspera)
femur (distal half of linea
aspera)
ischium (ischial tuberosity)
& femur (linea aspera)
ischium (ischial tuberosity)
Insertion(s)
tibia (tibial tuberosity) via
patellar tendon
tibia (tibial tuberosity) via
patellar tendon
tibia (tibial tuberosity) via
patellar tendon
tibia (tibial tuberosity) via
patellar tendon
tibia (lateral condyle) &
fibula (head)
tibia (medial condyle)
semitendinosus
ischium (ischial tuberosity)
tibia
gracilis
pubis (inferior ramus)
tibia
sartorius
ilium (anterior superior
spine)
tibia (medial surface near
tibial tuberosity)
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
biceps femoris
Origin(s)
ilium (anterior inferior spine)
& rim of acetabulum
femur (entire linea aspera)
Action(s)
extends knee & flexes thigh
at the hip
extends knee
extends knee
extends knee
flexes knee, extends &
laterally rotates thigh
flexes knee, medially rotates
leg, & extends hip
flexes knee, medially rotates
leg, & extends hip
flexes leg, adducts &
medially rotates thigh
flexes knee, flexes &
laterally rotates thigh
(“tailors muscle”)
Muscles of the Leg
Muscle
gastrocnemius
Origin(s)
femur (condyles)
soleus
tibia & fibula (head)
peroneus (fibularis) longus
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
tibialis anterior
lateral condyle of tibia &
fibula
fibula
tibia (lateral condyle)
tibialis posterior
tibia and fibula
flexor digitorum longus
tibia
extensor digitorum longus
tibia (lateral condyle) &
fibula
Insertion(s)
calcaneous via calcaneal
tendon
calcaneous via calcaneal
tendon
base of 1st metatarsal &
medial cuneiform bone
base of 5th metatarsal
base of 1st metatarsal &
medial cuneiform bone
tarsals and metatarsals
inferior surface of phalanges
2-5
superior surface of phalanges
2-5
Action(s)
plantar flexes foot, inverts
foot, and flexes knee
plantar flexes foot
plantar flexes & everts foot;
supports longitudinal arch
plantar flexes & everts foot
dorsiflexes & inverts foot
adducts, inverts, and plantar
flexes foot
flexes toes 2-5
extends toes 2-5
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