Chemistry Vocabulary
Chapter 2 Matter and change
Mr. Hines
Part A
1. Universe – Container of all of the known space, matter, energy, and time
2. Matter– anything that is made of atoms; anything that has mass and takes up space
3. Atom– Fundamental building block of matter; retains its identity in a chemical reaction.
4. Energy– the ability to do move matter (electricity, sound, heat, kinetic energy, etc.)
5. Space -distance between 2 objects (container of matter and energy)
6. Time – Measurement of past, present and future.
7. Chemistry – The study of matter and how matter changes
8. Mass– a measure of the amount of atoms an object contains (aka weight)
Part B
9. Periodic table - A highly organized chart of all the elements
10. Substance – sample of matter with uniform and definite composition
11. Ingredient – a component of a mixture
12. Composition – the combined elements of a compound
13. Solution – homogeneous mixture of solid dissolved in liquid
14. Mixture – 2 or more substances combined
15. Homogeneous mixture– a mixture that is uniform throughout; or the ingredients are evenly distributed
16. Heterogeneous mixture - a mixture that is not uniform throughout; or the ingredients are not evenly
distributed
17. Phase – any part of a mixture with a uniform composition
18. Symbol – One or two letter abbreviation of an element
19. Formula – written expression of a compound, using element symbols, that tells which atoms are present
and how many of each
20. Pure Substance - sample of matter with uniform and definite composition
21. Element– Specific kind of atom with unique properties, a symbol, and a name
22. Compound – 2 or more atoms chemically combined (2 or more atoms bonded together)
23. Matter tree – diagram that displays the various forms of matter
24. Molecule – 2 or more atoms chemically combined (2 or more atoms bonded together)
25. Uniform – same throughout
26. Definite - does not change
27. Chemical bond– force of attraction that holds 2 or more elements together as a compound (or molecule)
28. Chemical – 2 or more atoms chemically combined (2 or more atoms bonded together)
29. Interchangeable– refers to 2 objects (or words) that can take the place of one another
30. Synonyms – words with the same meaning
31. Classify – to organize into categories
32. Subscript - Number that is below and to the right of a symbol indicating how many.
Part C
33. Properties - characteristics of matter such as color or hardness
34. Physical property - a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without
changing the substance’s composition (formula).
35. Chemical property - The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.
36. State– there are 3 states of matter – solid, liquid, gas
37. Solid– state of matter that has a definite shape, definite volume, and is not easily compressed
38. Liquid– state of matter that has an indefinite shape, definite volume, and not easily compressed
39. Gas– state of matter that has an indefinite shape, indefinite volume, and is easily compressed
40. Conductive - allows heat and electricity to pass through
41. Malleable - capable of being extended or shaped by hammering or by pressure from rollers
42. Ductile- capable of being drawn out into wire or threads
43. Hardness– property of matter that measures the resistance to being scratched
44. Elastic - capable of returning to its original length, shape
45. Weight – measurement of mass in the presence of gravity (on earth)
46. Luster - the state or quality of shining by reflecting light; glitter, sparkle, sheen, or gloss
47. Shiny - bright or glossy in appearance; filled with light, as by sunshine.
48. Shape– geometrical outline of an object
49. Brittle – easily damaged or destroyed
50. Color- property of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by the object
51. Pungent - biting, or sharp annoyance of senses
52. Definite – does not change
53. Indefinite – does change
54. Rigid– hard or inflexible
55. Compress - to press together; force into less space.
56. Reversible - capable of reestablishing the original condition after a change
57. Transparent– allows light to pass straight through (aka – see through)
58. Density - relationship between an object’s mass and volume; description of compactness or particle
spacing
Part D
59. Distillation (distil) – method of separating 2 liquids whereby a liquid is evaporated to gas state and then
condensed back to liquid state.
60. Heat – Form of energy that causes atoms and molecules to vibrate faster – measured as temperature
61. Melt – state changes from solid to liquid
62. Freeze - state changes from liquid to solid
63. Condensation (condense) - state changes from gas to liquid
64. Evaporation (evaporate)– state changes from liquid to gas
65. Boil – state changes from liquid to gas with bubbling
66. Separation (separate)– divide 2 or more ingredients in a mixture
67. Magnetism (magnetic) - method of separating substances using magnetic force of attraction
68. Physical change - properties change, but not the composition of matter
69. Chemical change – The rearrangement of elements of a substance – the formula changes.
70. Burn– chemical change caused by fire
71. Smoke – mixture of solid particles in a gas
72. Temperature– measurement of heat in a substance
73. Electricity (electric)- Form of energy that moves electrons (creates light) and large objects (fan)
74. Filtration (filtrate)– method of separating a solid from a liquid using a filter
75. Sound – Form of energy that causes atoms and molecules to compress and expand
76. Light – Form of energy that causes electrons around atoms to move in different directions and allows us to
see
77. Gravity – Form of energy causes objects of all sizes to move together.
78. Boiling temperature – temperature at which a substance boils
79. Melting temperature - Temperature at which a substance melts
80. Cold – term that describes the absence of heat
81. Decantation (decant) - to pour liquid gently so as not to disturb the sediment.
Part E
82. Chemical Reaction- Process by which the properties and composition of matter changes
83. Chemical change – The rearrangement of elements of a substance – the formula changes.
84. Chemical equation- written expression of a chemical reaction that tells you what is happening at the
atomic level
85. Reactants– substances that are present at the start of a chemical reaction
86. Arrow– notation in a chemical equation that separates the reactants from the products (→)
87. Product– a substance that is created at the end of a chemical reaction
88. Luminescence – gives off light
89. Precipitate– a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
90. Rust – Chemical reaction between Oxygen and Iron – Creates Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)
91. Corrode – Chemical reaction that causes substances break apart
92. Tarnish – Chemical reaction that causes shiny substances to turn dull in luster (no more shine)
93. Bleach – Chemical reaction that causes a solid substance to turn white.
94. Rot – Chemical reaction that causes a substance to become weak (less rigid)
95. Cook – Chemical reaction that causes a substance to change by adding large amounts of heat
96. Burn – Chemical reaction that changes/ruins matter using fire – usually creates smoke
97. Explode – Chemical reaction that happens very rapidly and sometimes destroys matter around it.