FILL IN THE BLANKS: ENDOCRINE HORMONES (Student Copy)
Hormone
______________
(somatotropin)
Released from the
_____________
______________
such as epinephrine
and ___________
Released from the
______________
_____________
Released from the
pancreas
Actions
 Stimulates protein anabolism
 Mobilizes fatty acids
 Conserves carbohydrates
 Stimulates bone and cartilage
growth
 Dilate pupils
 Increase heart rate and contractility
 Dilation of blood vessels to heart,
brain, and skeletal muscle
 Constriction of blood vessels to
nonessential organs such as skin,
kidneys, and GI tract
 Bronchodilation
 Increase in respiratory rate and
depth
 Increase in perspiration, peristalsis,
and secretion in GI tract

 Enables glucose to move into the
cell
 Aids in muscle and tissue oxidation
of glucose
 Enhances storage of glycogen
 Increases protein synthesis
 Inhibits lipolysis
Releasing Factors
_______________________from
hypothalamus in response to
exercise, starvation, decreased
amino acid levels, stress and
hypoglycemia
Target
All body cells
capable of
growth,
especially
muscle, bone,
and cartilage
cells
Sympathetic nervous system
innervations: insulin, histamine,
anxiety, fear, pain, trauma,
exercise, temperature extremes,
hypoxia, hypotension,
Hypovolemia, excess thyroid
hormone
Most body cells,
vascular beds,
and smooth
muscle
Increase in blood glucose,
gastrin, increase in growth
hormone, ACTH, glucagon
Most body cells,
especially liver
cells
Hyper secretion
_______ in
children;
Acromegaly in
adults
____________of
normal effects,
may be caused
by adrenal
medulla tumor
called
Pheochromocyto
ma
Hypo secretion
______ in
children; possible
decrease in organ
weight in adults
May have
decrease in stress
response or no
noticeable effect
hyperglycemia
____________
______________
(T3) and Thyroxine
(T4)
Released from the
_____________
_______________
Released from the
_____________
_____________
(__________)
Released from the
_____________
____________
(vasopressin)
Released from the
______________
 Stimulate metabolic rate
 Increase protein synthesis
 Increase carbohydrate and fat
metabolism
 Increase bone growth
 Increase oxygen consumption
 Increase metabolism and clearance
of drugs
Most body cells
______________________from
anterior pituitary; thyrotropin
releasing hormone from
hypothalamus; cold temperature
 Increase blood glucose by
stimulating gluconeogenesis in the
liver
 Inhibit glucose use by the cell
 Inhibit protein anabolism
 Promote fatty acid mobilization
 Inhibit inflammatory response
Corticotrophin releasing
hormone from hypothalamus:
ACTH from anterior pituitary
Most body cells
 Increases serum calcium by
accelerating bone breakdown with
release of calcium into the blood,
increasing calcium reabsorption
from intestine, and decreasing
kidney tubule reabsorption of
calcium
 Decreases blood phosphate levels
by increasing phosphate loss in
urine
 Increases reabsorption of
magnesium by the renal tubules
Low serum calcium; high serum
magnesium or phosphate level;
catecholamines; cortisol
Bone cells and
cells of the GI
tract and kidney
______in serum osmolality;
hypernatremia; Hypovolemia;
hypoxia; hypotension; pain;
trauma; stress; nausea;
pharmacologic agents
Distal renal
tubules and
collecting ducts;
smooth muscle
of arterioles and
GI tract
 Increases water reabsorption
(inhibits dieresis) by kidney tubules
and collecting ducts
 Vasoconstriction of arterioles
 Abdominal cramping
Hyperthyroidism
(chronic),
________(acute)
_____________
___________
and
hypophosphatem
ia; possibly renal
calculi
Syndrome of
inappropriate
antidiuretic
hormone
Hypothyroidism
(chronic)
Addison’s disease
(chronic); adrenal
crisis (acute)
Hypocalcemia and
bone
decalcification;
____________
______________
_______(from
alpha cells)
Released from the
_____________
______________
(calcitonin)
 Stimulates glycogenolysis and
gluconeogenesis to increase blood
glucose
 Inhibits glycolysis
 Increases lipolysis
__________ in blood glucose,
elevated blood amino acid,
catecholamines, exercise,
starvation
Most body cells,
especially liver
cells
Hypoglycemia
___________
 Reduces plasma calcium levels by
inhibiting bone lysis and decreasing
calcium resorption by the kidney
Increase in serum calcium,
magnesium, or glucagon
Bone cells and
kidney cells
 Stimulates growth and function of
adrenal gland
 Controls production and release of
glucocorticoid hormones
 Stimulates mineralcorticoid
production
 Stimulates androgen production

 Increases size and growth of
thyroid cells
 Increases synthesis of thyroid
hormones
 Releases stored thyroid hormones

 Increase sodium and water
reabsorption and potassium
excretion
Corticotropin releasing hormone
from hypothalamus in response
to hypoglycemia, decrease in
cortisol levels, hypoxia, trauma,
surgery, and physical and/or
psychological stress
Cells of the
adrenal cortex
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
from hypothalamus in response
to cold temperature or a
decrease in thyroid hormone
levels
Cells of thyroid
gland
Hyperthyroidism
Distal and
collecting tubules
of kidney; sweat
glands; salivary
glands; intestines
Hyperaldosteroni
sm
Not significant
Not significant
Released from the
_____________
_______________
hormone
Released from the
_____________
_____________
(thyrotropin)
Released from the
_______________
_______________
such as Aldosterone
Released from the
_________from anterior pituitary
(minor effect), primary stimulus
is renin-angiotension system;
decrease in serum sodium;
increase in serum potassium
____________
Adrenal
insufficiency
(chronic) and/or
adrenal crisis
(acute)
_____________
_______(chronic);
adrenal crisis
(acute)
ANSWERS
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Glucagon
Hypercalcemia
Diabetes Insipidus
Increase
Glucocorticoids such as cortisol
Dwarfism
Parathormone
thyroid storm
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
ACTH
parathyroid gland
Exaggeration or prolongation
anterior pituitary
Hyperglycemia
Decrease
Addison’s disease
adrenal cortex
Insulin (from beta cells)
Adrenocorticotropic
thyroid gland
Giantism
Thyrocalcitonin
Hypothyroidism
Antidiuretic hormone
Growth hormone releasing hormone
pancreas
thyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone
hyperphosphatemia
Triiodothyronine
Cushing’s disease
anterior pituitary
Mineralocorticoids
adrenal medulla
posterior pituitary
norepinephrine
Catecholamines
adrenal cortex
Growth hormone
anterior pituitary
Cushing’s syndrome
Hypoglycemia