SVHS Advanced Biology
Name:
Period
1 2 3 4 5 6
THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
A picture of lung tissue magnified several hundred times. The small numerous structures are
the alveoli. These small sac-like structures are the location where all gas exchange takes place
between the blood of the pulmonary circulation and the air that we inhale. The larger
structure to the right is a bronchiole which carries air to the alveoli.
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
Spring 2015
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DIRECTION SHEET
OUTCOMES
A) Be able to identify and give a function for major respiratory organs. (P 483-489)
B) Be able to describe the structures of the nose and the pharynx and how they function
in breathing. (P. 484-485)
C) Describe the arrangement of the various breathing tubes (bronchiole tree) that bring
air into and out of the lungs. (P. 485-487)
D) Describe the structure of the lungs and their role in respiration. (P. 488-490)
E) Describe how inspiration and expiration take place. (P. 490-492)
F) Describe the various volumes of air that move into and out of the lungs during
breathing. (P. 493-494)
G) Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and
blood and the blood and the cells of the body. (P. 494-496)
H) Describe how blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. (P. 497-498)
I) Explain how the nervous system controls breathing and describe some of the
factors that can alter the rate of breathing. (P. 499-503)
Thurs 3/5
Discussion:
Introduction to Respiratory System 18.1
Lab:
D.R. #18.1
Homework:
Read pages 482-489
Mon 3/9
Discussion:
Lung structure and alveoli structure 18.2
Lab:
Work on lab packet.
Homework:
Read pages 453-456. D.R. #18.2 – Structures of the Respiratory Zone.
Wed 3/11
Discussion:
Lab:
Homework:
Inspiration, expiration and asthma
Lung volume measurements.
Read pages 457 - 461
D.R. #18.3 – Pulmonary Ventilation
Thurs 3/12
Discussion:
Lab:
Homework:
Gas exchange in alveoli and transport of gases in blood. 18.3
Observation of microscopic lung tissue.
D.R. #18.4 – Gas Exchange.
Mon 3/16
Discussion:
Lab:
Homework:
Wrap-up & review
Lung volume measurements & X-rays.
Mini-experiment – last page of Lab packet
Wed 3/18
Work day
HW:
Mini-experiment in lab packet
complete all parts of lab packet/ study guide
Thurs 3/19
Unit Test: Respiratory System/
Lab packet due
Next unit: Blood and the Cardiovascular system
Spring Break Mon 3/23- Fri 3/27
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
STRUCTURES OF THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Structure:
Function:
Structure:
Function:
Structure:
Function:
Structure:
Function:
What
tissue
type is
this?
Structure:
Structure:
Function:
Function:
Structure:
Function:
Structure:
Function:
Explain what occurs at this location regarding gas exchange:
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
name:
per 1 2 3 4 5 6
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LAB
PART A:
#
Head
(nose)
a-c
i
f
I
k
Sm Torso
11-13
10
14-15
7
9
New
Torso
65
Fill in the appropriate information in the chart below concerning the structures of the respiratory
system. The numbers refer to the models and torsos in the classroom.
Structure
Function of Structure
#
New
Torso
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
257
258
245
208/209
252
301
Structure
Function of Structure
PART B:
Diagram the bell jar model of the human respiratory system. Label the parts of the
model with the names of the structure that is represented. To the side of the diagram explain
what structures of the human respiratory system are not represented by the model. In a second
paragraph, explain why the balloons inflate when the rubber sheet is gently pulled down and why
they deflate when the rubber sheet is allowed to return to the original position. Be sure to
mention air pressures and changes in the pressures.
Bell Jar Model of Mechanics of Breathing
PART C:
In the space below diagram 2-3 alveoli using the microscope prepared slides of human
lung tissue. Label the alveoli. Diagram a blood vessel and a bronchiole tube that you
observe next to the alveoli. Label all structures. Beside the diagram explain what
occurs in the alveoli during external respiration.
Human Lung Tissue (100X)
Diagram a section of this lung tissue that shows the
cancerous tissue as it lies next to normal lung tissue.
Label, using brackets and arrows, normal and cancerous
tissue.
What kinds of cells become cancerous? Explain.
Metastatic Carcinoma of Lung (100X)
normal tissue:
Diagram the lung tissue that shows a distinct difference
compared to normal lung tissue.
Explain how emphysema tissue is different compared to
normal tissue.
How does this difference result in people not being able
to walk up a flight of stairs?
Pulmonary Emphysema (100X)
Label Structures Observed and explain briefly how each
slide differs from normal tissue. (internet search)
How does hyaline membrane disease affect prematurely
born infants?
Hyaline Membrane Disease (100X)
PART D:
Below is a sample Spirogram. A machine monitors a person’s breathing. Each upward movement
of the line represents inhalation and each downward movement of the line represents exhalation.
The volume of air moved is recorded and can be read from the spirogram. The rate at which a person
is breathing can also be read from the spirogram. Fill in the values in the column titled “Value from
Spirogram” by reading the spirogram. The second column is for your measurements as measured by
the instruments in class.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------6000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------3000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------2000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000
-
ml
ml
ml
ml
ml
ml
Time
Lung Volume
Tidal Volume
Vital Capacity
Expiratory Reserve
Expiratory Capacity
Inspiratory Reserve
Inspiratory Capacity
Total Lung Volume
Residual Volume
Value from Spirogram
Your Measured Value
PART E:
A)
Choose one of the “if... then” statements below to study. Design a study that will either support
or reject the hypothesis. Show data which supports your hypothesis. Create a data table and
graph using Excel that supports you conclusion. Write a one paragraph conclusion to your study.
This should be on a single piece of paper and be attached to the back of the lab packet.
If you are male then you will have a greater vital capacity then females of comparable height.
B) If taller individuals are compared to shorter individuals, then the taller individuals will have a larger
vital capacity.
C)
If people are athletic, then they will have a greater vital capacity.
D)
If people have a higher BMI, then they will have a higher vital; capacity.
E)
If you are male then you will have a lesser vital capacity then females of comparable height.
F)
If people are in athletics they will have a greater vital capacity than people who are not in athletics.
G)
If taller individuals are compared to shorter individuals, then vital capacities will be similar.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SELF-STUDY GUIDE
1)
From pages 445 – 451 ,titled “Respiratory System” be able to;
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
Describe 5 disease conditions caused by smoking ciragettes.
Give the term that describes exchange of gases between atmosphere, blood, and cells.
Contrast external and internal respiration.
Contrast upper and lower respiratory systems, conducting and respiratory zones.
Describe three functions for the nasal conchae and the mucus membranes that cover them.
Name and describe the three areas of the pharynx.
2) From pages 448 – 452, titled “Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs” be able to
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
3)
4)
5)
From pages 451 – 453, titled “lungs” be able to
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
Explain the structure and location of the pleura.
Explain where the pleural cavity is, what it contains, and the purpose of this material.
Explain the structure called an “alveolus”.
Explain the term ‘surfactant” and describe its function.
Name and describe the tissues that gases must move through when diffusing from air to blood.
Give the estimated number of alveoli in the lungs and the estimated surface area.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Explain the term “pulmonary ventilation”.
Explain why air flows between atmosphere and lungs.
Describe what the body must do in order to inhale and exhale.(Muscles and diaphragm)
Be able to give atmospheric pressure values and intrapleural values.
From pages 453-456, titled “Pulmonary Ventilation”,be able to
From pages 456-457, titled “Lung volumes and capacities”, be able to
A)
6)
Explain the term “partial pressure”.
Demonstrate how to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level.
Define “external respiration”.
Define “internal respiration”.
Explain Figure 18.13 in the textbook on page 420.
From pages 459-461, titled “Transport of Respiratory Gases”, be able to
A)
B)
C)
D)
8)
Give an definition and average value for the following lung volumes;
vital capacity
minute volume of respiration
inspiratory capacity
inspiratory reserve
expiratory reserve
expiratory capacity
total lung capacity
tidal volume
residual volume
From pages 457-459, titled “Exchange of oxygen and Carbon Dioxide”, be able to
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7)
Describe what the Adam’s apple is and why it is larger in males.
Describe the position and function of the epiglottis.
Describe the structure and function of the trachea.
Explain the role of the cartilage rings, the mucus membrane, and the cilia lining the trachea.
Explain what is meant by the term “bronchial tree”.
Explain what happens during an asthma attack.
Explain how oxygen is carried in the blood. (2 ways & percentages)
Explain how carbon dioxide is carried in the blood. (3 ways & percentages)
Explain why carbon monoxide leads to hypoxia.
Describe several factors that affects the hemoglobin ability to carry oxygen.
From pages 418-419, titled “Control of Respiration” be able to
A) Describe several factors that can cause a change in the respiratory rate.
B) Explain how exercise can affect the respiratory system.